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Icon Shattered! Sad end for Ganguly: No IPL team is interested in him!

Icon Shattered! Sad end for Ganguly: No IPL team is interested in him!


Indian Holocaust My Father`s Life and Time -FIVE HUNDRED  SIXTY

Palash Biswas

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Bengalies Love to worship ICONS. The midday which broke the NEWS of the death of suchitra Mitra, bengalies were shifted in Mourning Mode quite instantly as Bengal had been cut off from the rest of the world and only RABINDRA Sangeet was the sound ETERNAL like the sacred VEDAS.

I returned home late at the night and found a Newspaper cutting with Suchitra Mitra Photo flodded with flowers on my table. The ladies from the neighbourhood were hosted by sabita and they sang Rabindra Sangeet and paid her Tribute!

This is hysteria!

Sabita also sings Rabindra sangeet quite passionately! She is an M.A. in Economics. Understands Economics!She is an Activist to empower the Black Untouchables and follows DR. Ambedkar.

Only recently she experienced the assertion of Non Aryan Non Brahaminical Dravid Nationality and Identity in South India. We share our Experience. But she would NOT hear anything against RABINDRA SNGEET or TAGORE.

I may not dare to force her to be convinced!

Benaglies, specifically our people would NEVER see the inherent inequality, injustice, market dominance, brainwashing, misinformation and hatred campaign, discrimination, apartheid and untouchablity!

They are FREE to be Religious and Marxist at the same time saying DURGA PUJA is a Cultural Festival which has NO space for any NON Brahamin! Every Marxist would lke to vist Kalighta Kalibari and DAKSHINESHWAR and BELUR even TARAPEETH!

Star Telling is the most Profitable business in Bengal as TV Channels telecast live! If you travel by METRO, you would rather wonder why everyone wears RINGS with stones in all TEN fingers!

ICONISED RELIGION as well as ICONISED ECONOMICS kill Bengali aboriginal Indigenous society!

They are SECULAR but would NEVER understand the Human Documentation of HATRED in Bengali Brahaminical Culture, Society, literature, Art, Music, Economy and  Life!They would choose the Brahamins to lead their Dalit Movement!

Ambedkarite Ideology has to be implemented by Brahamins only.

They would NEVER do understand why the SC, ST, OBC, BC and Religious minorities HAVE NOT any ICON at all!

It happened once again, Bengalies were looking forward to Garden City  Bangalore just to see Cricket ICON Saurabh Ganguli to emerge from Fire and Dust. It was NOT too be.

The Icon is shattered!

Sad end for Ganguly: No IPL team is interested in him!

Angry over Kolkata Knight Riders' decision to not bid for Sourav Ganguly at the IPL auction, the fans of the former India skipper today burnt KKR's principal owner Shah Rukh Khan in effigy in Kolkata today.

Not only KKR but none of the nine other IPL franchisees showed interest in Ganguly.

Ganguly, who is an iconic figure in Bengal, went unsold on the first day of the auction. He had a base price of USD 400,000.

"No Sourav, no cricket," the fans said holding placards. They alleged that a "political conspiracy" was hatched against Ganguly.

"We will boycott KKR matches here," they said.

Rather it had been a tougher task for Kolakat Media to sustain Space Management as BLOODSHED continued with IPL AUCTION.

BHADRALOK Bengal NEVER mourned for the Marginalised Untouchables killed in last SIXTY Years.

Marichjhanpi Genocide and TURMINATION and PERSECUTION of SC OBC Refugees, HELL losing on RURAL Aboriginal bengal and slumdwellers have not changed the eternal apathy at all.

BUT SAURABH DEMISE has tuned the Benagli Geopolitics instantly in MOURNING MODE!

Bengalies tolerated Thirty Five years of Marxist Gestapo Genocide culture singing RABINDRA SANGEET and SEEING Iconic Cricket and Football!

In fact, the Superstructure of Brahaminial Monopoly in every sphere of bengali Life is deeply rooted in ICONSED Brahaminical Culture. Hence, rabindra Nath Tagore hapens to be sacred cow.

The Marxists use Tagore and Jyoti Basu with karl Marx, Fidel Castro and Mao at the same time.

They do quote Dr BR Ambedkar with a remix of Tagore and Marx.

Vivekanand, Bankim,Aurobind, Ramkrishna Paramhans and Netaji united the Bengali Geopolitics as well as demography Rock Solid to sustain the Manusmriti rule deleting majoriti SC, ST, OBC, BC and Muslim Identities, Nationalities and FOLK Roots and the Aboriginal History and Legacy.

It helped to brand everything Brahaminical. Post Modern Free market Exclusive Economy further ICONISED Bengali Psyche and no one but Amartya sen and saurabh Ganguli are the best examples to Brand every Individual for strategic marketing as well as barahaminical Monopoly!


What Nation we are!The Nation is indulged in National Live Telecast of IPL Bidding and everyone has forgot IPL CASINO Money Laundering! The Players have to be showcased in Circus show evoking Ethninationalism. The Stream of Corruption has no Mainstay Issue as one Scam takes over the other. As Radia Tapes exposed the Intense corporate war to Exploite National Resources and revenue, Bofors Scam floated once again to dilute the Radia Scandal which already diluted IPL case. Commonwealth Games forgotten. It is rather to sensational to divert other snesative issues relating to hand over and sell out the Nation. Iconic system is not only  the best tool of marketing, it is most powerful instrument to divert the basic issues!

In one of the major embarrassments of his chequered career, former India, Bengal and Knight Riders captain Sourav Ganguly was left red-faced as none of the 10 franchises put his name in the wish list for the second round after the first round of auctions ended here today.

Similarly, Chris Gayle, Brian Lara, and Sanath Jayasuriya were all rejected in the first round and never came up for a second discussion.

Mohammed Kaif turned out to be really lucky as he was finally snapped up by Royal Challengers Bangalore for $130,000 (approximately Rs59.8 lakh) after being ignored not once but twice.

The real story of the day, however, was Ganguly. Speculation was rife throughout the day that one of the franchises just might pick him when the unsold players were put up for auction for the second time.

To everyone's horror, Ganguly did not figure among the 29 players who were re-auctioned at the request of the franchises.

It was left-arm spinner Murali Karthik who turned out to be a gainer as he was bought by Sahara Pune Warriors for $400,000 (Rs1.84 crore).

Ganguly had prolonged his cricketing career only to play in the IPL. With the franchises turning their backs on him, it is one of the most ignominous ends for the so-called Prince of Calcutta.

One reason could be his base price of $400,000 (Rs1.84 crore). By the time the re-auctions of the unsold players were conducted, it became clear that his old team Knight Riders, who still had $425,000 in their kitty, would not bid for him. Ditto for Chennai Super Kings, who had almost exhausted their purse with only $385,000 remaining.

Everyone was looking forward to Sahara Pune Warriors — a franchise with whom Ganguly has been linked for some time. But with three editions already over, even the new teams know how to get their economics right as most of them found it fit to spend the remaining money on uncapped domestic players who would form the core of the team.

  1. Topography of TERROR, Anglo Saxon Brahaminical Bengal Replicates ...

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Fans of former Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) skipper Sourav Ganguly are feeling quite low as their favourite star went unsold during the players' auction for the fourth edition of the Indian Premier League (IPL) at Bangalore on Saturday.


From celebrities to common men, all were prompt in reacting over the news as they were expecting to see Ganguly don the jersey of KKR once again in the IPL season 4.


"Maybe someone should take all the unsold players and make their own team, Gayle, Gibbs. Lara, Ganguly. Will be fun to say the least!!," India tennis icon Mahesh Bhupathi tweeted.


"Auction almost as interesting as the matches! But cannot believe no bids for Lara! Or for Gayle, Gibbs, Saurav," popular TV presenter and journalist Vikram Chandra said.


Cricket presenter and actor Mandira Bedi tweeted: "And sad about the fact that there were no takers for Dada. Even VVS and dravid also looked like they were going to be left untouched."


Meanwhile South African cricket star Herschelle Gibbs, who also remained unsold like Sourav Ganguly and Chris Gayle, said that he feels slightly disappointed as he was not picked up by any of the teams in the ongoing auction period.


"bout the auction,just wanna say I'm slightly disappointed but easy with all this.very interestin to see whos gone where and for how much," said South African cricket star," Gibbs posted on Twitter.


Besides the celebrities, Dada's fans from all over the nation also reacted strongly on the fact that they will not see their favourite players in the upcoming IPL season 4 in 2011.


"I will say only one thing, this is simply politics. Saurav is once again a victim of politics," said Tanmoy Ghosh, a fan of the former Indian skipper, in Kolkata.


"We were not expecting this t happen, we expected to see Dada (as Sourav is popularly called) playing for KKR this season too. He has made us proud over the years. This is really sad." Tania Roy a student of Mass Communication and Journalism, said.


"This is a huge disappointment for Kolkata and specially his fans. Kolkata wanted to see him both as a captain as well as a player. This is a great loss especially after he played significantly well in the last edition of IPL," said one Arijit Banerjee.


"It is sad news for a player of his caliber. He surely deserved to get a place in one of the teams. If less talented players can get a chance then how can Ganguly get neglected," said Ganguly-fan Indranil Dutta.


Another Dada-fan named Anirban Mondal said: "I felt bad when I first got the information that Ganguly has not been picked up by any of the teams on Saturday."


"But at the same time it is also a fact that young players are coming up and T-20 is completely a fast game suited for the youths so I personally feel that it will be difficult for senior players like Kallis, Dravid, Laxman to find a place in this format at the currewnt scenario," said Mondal, who feels that senior players will slowly loose their places in this format as youths are emerging strongly.


"KKR shaping up nicely: Gambhir-captain, kallis-opener, haddin-keeper, yousuf, shakib-alrounders. if only had they bought back Sourav Ganguly," tweeted one Naveen Kumar.

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IPL 4 auction: Gambhir fetches record price; Ganguly, Lara unsold
BANGALORE: Opener Gautam Gambhir on Saturday became the costliest cricketer in the IPL by fetching a whopping USD 2.4 million (approx Rs 11.04 crore) on the first day of the auctions where Indian players proved to be the biggest draw with three others going for more than USD two million.

In a high-profile auction, where Bollywood stars and corporate bigwigs were locked in a bidding war, Kolkata Knight Riders bought Gambhir for the mind-boggling sum, beating the previous high set by the English duo of Kevin Pietersen and Andrew Flintoff (USD 1.55 million) last season.

Shah Rukh Khan was not present in person but his Kolkata Knight Riders, which had been reduced to an also-ran in the last two seasons, proved to be the big spender of the day by also buying hard-hitting all-rounders Yusuf Pathan (Rs 9.66 crore) and Jacques Kallis (Rs 5.06 crore) for the fourth edition of event to be held from April 8 to May 20.

Gambhir, who was captain of the Delhi Daredevils last season, saw his price skyrocket 12 times from his base price of USD 200,000 (Rs 92 lakh) while three other Indian players, Yusuf (USD 2.1 million), Rohit Sharma (USD 2 million) and Robin Uthappa (2.1 million) crossed the two million mark.

Yusuf's younger brother Irfan, who has not played any cricket this season, was taken by Delhi Daredevils for a surprisingly high amount of USD 1.9 (Rs 8.74 crore) million. But there were some surprise names in the unsold list with former India and KKR captain Sourav Ganguly, West Indies batting star Chris Gayle and the legendary Brian Lara failing to find a buyer.

There is still a slim chance of these players finding a team after their names come up again in the second round of bidding. The bidding trend at the auction at times appeared to defy logic but what was certain was that the franchises were willing to spend big money on the Indian players. Mahela Jayawardene was the most expensive foreign player going to Kochi at USD 1.5 million (Rs 6.90 crore).

Cricket aside, Bollywood stars Preity Zinta and Shilpa Shetty provided the glamour quotient while liquor baron Vijay Mallya, his son Siddharth, Nita Ambani and Nusli Wadia added the corporate aura at the auction.

Cricketing brains such as Anil Kumble , Stephen Fleming, Geoff Lawson and Darren Lehmann, who have been roped in either as coaches or mentors by the franchises, helped them work out the bidding strategies.

As expected, big money was spent but the way it was spent on some players was baffling. Robin Uthappa, who has been out of national reckoning for quite some time, was bought for an astounding USD 2.1 million (Rs 9.66 crore) by Sahara Pune Warriors who opened their account by buying Yuvraj Singh for USD 1.8 million (Rs 8.28 crore approx).

Pune got Yuvraj, the icon player of Kings XI Punjab till last season, after beating Team Kochi and the batsman's former team in the bid. Even Rohit Sharma's price of USD 2 million (Rs 9.2 crore), which Mumbai Indians paid, came as a surprise in an auction where proven T20 specialists such as Jesse Ryder, Herschelle Gibbs, Mark Boucher and Graeme Swann went unsold.

IPL auction, Day 2: Ganguly remains unsold, unknown Christian clinches huge deal

PTI, Jan 9, 2011, 07.15pm IST
BANGALORE: Reputations counted for little as former India captain Sourav Ganguly and several other big names found no takers for the fourth edition of the IPL even as unheralded AustralianDaniel Christian was bought for an astounding $900,000 (RS 4.14 crore apprx) on the second day of the auction on Sunday.

Who got whom | Team Composition | Players to go under hammer | Pics: Top money grossers

Veteran Sri Lankan batsman Sanath Jayasuriya also failed to find a buyer on Sunday joining a high-profile list of unsold players which included among others West Indies batting great Brian Lara, Chris Gayle, Mark Boucher and Graeme Swann.

Ganguly's name, in fact, did not even come up in the second round of bidding, the players for which were handpicked by the franchises, prompting angry fans to stage protests against his former team Kolkata Knight Riders in the Bengal capital.

A total of 241 of the 353 players in fray went unsold in the first round of auctions, which spanned over two days. 28 players came up for a re-auctioning on the request of the franchises but again some of them strangely went unsold.

New Zealand's hard-hitting batsman Jesse Ryder (Pune, $150,000), spinner Murali Karthik (Pune, $400,000) and Mohammad Kaif (Bangalore, $130,000) were among the lucky 12 who managed to sneak through into the cash-rich event.

At the end of the two-day auction all the franchises still had some money left from the $nine million cap on a rather dull second day considering that Gautam Gambhir had gone for a record Rs 11.04 crore to KKR on the first day.

In a relatively low-key day, it was Christian who hogged the limelight as he was bought by Deccan 18 times more than his base price of $50,000.

No one could have even imagined that the 27-year-old from New South Wales will go for such a high price. He has played just three Twenty20 internationals for Australia and is primarily a fast bowler who can hit a long way in the lower order.

"We believe Dan Christian is a good buy. He is good fast bowler and a decent batsman. He is also a brilliant fielder," Deccan Chargers owner Gayathri Reddy said.

Delhi Daredevils were the biggest gainers as they snapped up fringe fast bowlers. Umesh Yadav, who had a base price of $50,000, went for a whopping $750,000 while pacers Ashok Dinda ($375,000) and Ajit Agarkar ($210,000) were bought by Delhi Daredevils.

Munaf Patel was bought by Mumbai Indians for $700,000 (apprx Rs 3.1 crore).

Ranganath Vinay Kumar was bought by Kochi for $475,000 while Manpreet Gony was bought by Deccan for $290,000. However, paceman VRV Singh was a prominent Indian player who went unsold.

Chennai Super Kings, who have been on a retention mode, also got back Sudeep Tyagi ($240,000),Joginder Sharma ($150,000) while roping in Suraj Randiv for as cheap as $80,000.

However, it was Kolkata Knight Riders who poached L Balaji from CSK for $500,000. KKR retained Jaidev Unadkat buying him for $250,000.

There were a few surprises also as unfancied Netherlands cricketer Ryan ten Doeschate was bought for $150,000 by Royal Challengers Bangalore. Doeschate was ICC's Associate Player of the Year.

Another surprising pick was India discard Venugopal Rao getting a staggering deal of $700,000 (Rs 3.22 crore) from Delhi Daredevils.

Sahara Pune Warriors, who remained quiet for the better part of the first session, got a good deal in South African pacer Wayne Parnell ($160,000) and West Indian Jerome Taylor ($100,000).

There was some stiff bidding between Pune and Kings XI Punjab for Australian Mitchell Marsh. However, the junior-most Marsh will play for Pune under his father Geoff Marsh's tutelage rather than being a teammate of his elder brother Shaun.

Michael Yardy of England, Jacob Oram and Kyle Mills of New Zealand, Ravi Bopara, Monty Panesar and Tim Bresnan of England and Fervez Mahroof of Sri Lanka, Shivnarine Chanderpaul of West Indies, Makhaya Ntini and Lonwabo Tsotsobe of South Africa were among the prominent players who went unsold today.

After the lunch session, maximum players went unsold save South African batsman Francois du Plessis who was taken by Chennai Super KIngs at $120,000. Another surprise was Alfonso Thomas who was taken by Sahara Pune Warriors for $100,000. KKR bought Australian quick James Pattinson.

Like yesterday, Indians were the hot picks for the franchises but the bidding war never quite touched the frenzy it did yesterday, when apart from Gambhir three others went for more than $two million.

Gambhir's mind-boggling deal with KKR beat the previous high set by the English duo of Kevin Pietersen and Andrew Flintoff ($1.55 million) last season.

Gambhir, who was captain of the Delhi Daredevils last season, saw his price skyrocket 12 times from his base price of $200,000 (Rs 92 lakh) while three other Indian players -- Yusuf ($2.1 million), Rohit Sharma ($2 million) and Robin Uthappa (2.1 million) crossed the two million mark.

Yusuf's younger brother Irfan, who has not played any cricket this season, was taken by Delhi Daredevils for a surprisingly high amount of $1.9 (Rs 8.74 crore) million.
Factfile of IPL players' auction
BANGALORE: Following is a factfile on the two-day players' auction for the Indian Premier League 4 that concluded on Sunday.

One hundred and twenty-five players were sold while the remaining 228 players, including some stalwarts of the game like Brian Lara, Sourav Ganguly and Sanath Jayasuriya, failed to get any buyers.

* Total number of players in auction: 353

* Players sold: 125

* Players unsold: 228

* Amount spent by franchises: $80.28 million

* Amount left with franchises: $9.68 million

* Highest paid player: Gautam Gambhir ( India) $2.4 million for Kolkata Knight Riders

* Highest paid overseas player: Mahela Jayawardene ( Sri Lanka) $1.5 million for Kochi

Need to give the community the result it deserves: KKR CEO

PTI 1 hr ago | Kolkata Knight Riders on Sunday made it clear that Sourav Ganguly - as a player - was not in their scheme of things for the fourth edition of the Indian Premier League.

IPL auction, Day 2: Who got whom

TNN 4 hrs ago |

IPL 4: Team Composition

TNN 5 hrs ago | Check out the team composition after bagging their favourite ones in the auction for the fourth season of IPL held in Bangalore.

Bevan excited with new look Kings XI Punjab

IANS 1 hr ago | Kings XI Punjab coach Michael Bevan said he is excited with the players bought from the Indian Premier League auction and the team now looks strong in all departments of the game.

Mallya says not buying Dravid conscious decision

IANS 2 hrs ago | IPL team Royal Challengers Bangalore's owner Vijay Mallya said it was a conscious decision not to buy Rahul Dravid, who was part of the team for the last three years.

BCCI maintains total transparency on IPL: Amin

IANS 2 hrs ago | IPL chairman Chirayu Amin denied that Chennai Super Kings owner N. Srinivasan had an edge over the other team owners as he is also the cricket board's secretary.

There was ambiguity over player retention, says Mallya

PTI 2 hrs ago | The ambiguity over payment for player-retention was the main reason why most of the IPL franchises could not retain the players, who played for them in the earlier IPL editions, RCB owner Vijay Mallya said.

Factfile of IPL players' auction

IANS 3 hrs ago | Following is a factfile on the two-day players' auction for the Indian Premier League 4 that concluded on Sunday.

Franchises not interested in Ganguly

PTI 3 hrs ago | Sourav Ganguly was left red-faced as none of the 10 franchises put his name up in the wish list for the second time after the first round of auctions ended.

Ganguly fans burn Shah Rukh's effigy in Kolkata

PTI 3 hrs ago | Angry over Kolkata Knight Riders' decision to not bid for Sourav Ganguly at the IPL auction, the fans of the former India skipper burnt KKR's principal owner Shah Rukh Khan in effigy on Sunday.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/articlelist/7240955.cms
Wanted: an icon
Sourav Ganguly is the most favoured Bengali
*
*

Favourite Bengali icon

• Sourav Ganguly 38% • Amartya Sen 23% • Sushmita Sen 7% • Others 32%



Blame it on the season. When Durga comes knocking at her mother's door, the crisis seems more acute than ever before. There she is, single-handedly, if you'll pardon the pun, ridding the world of evil. And there's all of Calcutta, desperately hankering for a local icon. Durga would have filled the situation that has been lying vacant for over a year now if she weren't so steeped in mythology. But as things stand today, the city is abysmally short of new icons.
Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay is dead. Rabindranath Tagore is dead. Satyajit Ray is dead. And Sourav Ganguly is not being allowed to play. In a festive season, things couldn't be more dismal.
For a city forever in search of icons, these are bad times. Which is why people are still reluctant to let go off the former skipper of the Indian team. India was playing the West Indies and Australia in Malaysia without him, but back home the Prince of Calcutta is still being feted by his subjects. A survey conducted by Mode for The Telegraph indicates that 38 per cent still sees Sourav as the most favoured Bengali icon.
Rahul Dasgupta, a 32-year-old bank employee, tells you why. Sourav didn't just play good cricket, Dasgupta argues, he brought "Bengalis into the limelight as far as sports is concerned". Adds Palash Ghosh, a 22-year-old student of microbiology whose own icon is Sachin Tendulkar: "I would say Sourav is a good icon but there seems no one to replace him at the moment in the state."
Clearly, there is a demand for heroes and a fall in supply. But the search for icons, Prasanta Ray, former professor of sociology, Presidency College, states, is an age-old one. Iconising, he says, has always been a part of the history of the people across the world. "But the images based on which icons have been constructed have changed. For instance, earlier (reformer) Vidyasagar could have been an iconic figure. Now it would be someone else — maybe a chief minister."
Speaking of chief ministers, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee is not quite among the toppers in the list of icons — whatever Ratan Tata or L.K. Advani may say about him. The survey states that he is an icon for 1 per cent of the people, lower in the list than even Bipasha Basu, who gets 2 per cent of the vote.
But the chief minister has his share of vocal supporters. Among them is swimmer Bula Choudhury, who herself may be an icon for young women swimmers, especially those wishing to cross the English Channel. "I particularly feel that Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee is an icon because of his slogan 'Do It Now'," she says.
*
Favourite Indian icon
• Amitabh Bachchan 50% • Sourav Ganguly 30% • Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee 1% • Others 19%


Icons are individual likings — and one man's Amitabh Bachchan (who, with 50 per cent supporters, is the most popular Indian icon) is another woman's Jaya Bachchan. Debashis Ray, a consultant psychiatrist in Calcutta, explains the phenomenon. "A person has an internal sense of self which is constantly interacting with the external environment. When people perceive someone as having mastered the external environment, they look at that person as an icon."
So 15-year-old school-girl Dipa Prasad likes former Miss Universe Sushmita Sen, because she wants to be a model ("she is both beautiful and intelligent"). Dipali Paul, a 30-something homemaker, says her icons are Ma Sarada, wife of Ramakrishna, and Sister Nivedita, Vivekananda's eminent disciple ("they are both independent and sacrificing — I hope to be like them"). And private tutor Seema Roy likes actor Jaya Bachchan because she is intelligent ("though her husband is more famous, she has a quiet strength").
But icons need not be public figures, though being in the public eye is one reason why they do turn into icons. For some people, including author Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay, icons are to be found closer home. His icon, for instance, is his religious guru. "I do not think that a cricket player or an actor can be an icon because they are generally restricted to their own fields of work," says Mukhopadhyay. An icon, he argues, must transcend the barriers of time and space and become an idol through ideals.
Icons, adds actress Madhabi Mukhopadhyay, should have the ability to lift the morale of the people. And Sourav Ganguly can do that, she says. She otherwise sees poets Nazrul Islam and Sukanta Bhattacharya as her idols, along with actors Uttam Kumar and Suchitra Sen. "Sourav is an icon not only for Bengal but for the whole country," she emphasises.
Sachin is hitting a ton in Kuala Lumpur, but Calcutta's heart continues to beat for Sourav. "Sourav is — and will remain — an icon for Bengal," says former Bengal cricket captain Sambaran Banerjee. "He is India's most successful captain and as a Bengali his cricketing record remains unmatched."
*

Biggest Bengali icon ever

• Rabindranath Tagore 45%

• Satyajit Ray 13% • Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose 30% • Others 12%



What's good about icons is that they can occupy, at the same time, different dockets of the mind. Banerjee, for instance, has a corner reserved for the Bengal chief minister, and another for Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore (45 per cent think he is the biggest Bengali icon ever). Amartya Sen, the second Bengali to win the Nobel Prize (not counting Mother Teresa) is seen by 23 per cent as their favourite Bengali icon. Some (30 per cent) doff their caps to Subhas Chandra Bose, and a few do their lalsalaams to dramatists Utpal Dutta and Shambhu Mitra. In Bengal, there is something for everybody.
"With increasing modernity, there are different categories of icons, from which different people may choose," says Prasanta Ray. "For instance, Sourav may be a present-day icon for some, but not for everyone."
For some, though, Sourav is not an icon; nor is anybody else. Sudeshna Sarkar, a 21-year-old college student, doesn't believe in heroes. "I think icons are for the weak minded. I don't need anyone to show me how to be." B.D. Banerjee, a retired Air Force man, agrees. "It's stupid to have an icon. It shows utter lack of personality."
But then, there is a time and age for everything. Sanjay Raj, a 35-year-old Wipro employee, remembers how he idolised his uncle when he was growing up. "He seemed to be having a lot of fun. He played the guitar and women liked him." Raj doesn't have an icon anymore. "You grow out of it," he says.
Elsewhere, though, the quest for new icons continues. The qualifications for a suitable candidate, if they ever appear in a Situations Vacant column, will be simple. The ideal candidate must be inspirational and have personality and talent. Must make a difference to the nation and bring glory to the state. And an irreverent 2 percent adds, must make for a good poster.

http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060924/asp/look/story_6780269.asp

Sourav Ganguly gets a shocker, out of IPL-4

Jaspreet Sahni | Cricketnext.com
Posted on Jan 09, 2011 at 07:02pm IST

New Delhi: India's most successful skipper ever, Sourav Ganguly, probably suffered the worst setback of his otherwise glorious career, with no franchise bidding for him in the IPL-4 players' auction, bringing his association with the multi-million-dollar league to a sad end.
The setback on the first day of the two-day long auction was followed by a jolt on the final day on Sunday, when teams chose not to bring Ganguly back even for the re-auction for unsold players.
Joining the Indian icon on the list of sidelined players were some big names: Brian Lara, Chris Gayle, Sanath Jayasuriya and Mark Boucher, all of whom received harsh treatment from the team owners.
The former Kolkata Knight Riders' skipper, who upped his reserve price from $200,000 to $400,000 days ahead of the auction and it is believed that it proved to be a costly error by India's most successful skipper.
Ganguly is known for his fighting spirit on and off the field and led the Shahrukh-Khan-owned Kolkata franchise for a couple of years. However, he failed to make any notable contributions, both as a skipper and as a player, and it remains to be seen how Ganguly reacts to the snub.
The snub is set to turn faces red in Ganguly's hometown Kolkata and Shah Rukh could face the ire of Dada's followers, who have already started making their disappointment apparent on social networking websites.
Commissioner of the IPL, Chirayu Amin, however, reasoned league's competitive nature and its ever-changing dynamics for Ganguly's unceremonious exit.
"It's the reality of the game; it's a competitive thing; it's not a loss of face for Ganguly," said Amin.
In hindsight, Ganguly, 37, may have got a blessing in disguise. He can probably take a cue from ex-teammate Anil Kumble who quit the IPL days before this auction, citing his administrative commitments after being elected as the President of the Karnataka State Cricket Association (KSCA).
In contrast to the snub meted out to top players, Gautam Gambhir turned out to be the auction's most paid player after being bought by Ganguly's ex-employer Kolkata Knight Riders for a staggering $ 2.4 million. Yusuf Pathan and Robin Uthappa were the other big draws and went for a whopping $ 2.1 million each.
http://cricketnext.in.com/news/sourav-ganguly-gets-a-shocker-out-of-ipl4/53172-13.html

Reactions pour over Ganguly's IPL miss

indiablooms - ‎Jan 8, 2011‎
Kolkata, Jan 8 (IBNS): Fans of former Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) skipper Sourav Ganguly are feeling quite low as their favourite star went unsold during ...

Indian players sizzle at IPL auction

Daily News & Analysis - Vijay Tagore - ‎22 hours ago‎
For someone who has not played a game in over three months, that is a huge windfall, considering that icons likeSourav Ganguly and Brian Lara were not ...

IPL auction today, franchises to battle for top players

NDTV.com - ‎Jan 7, 2011‎

Shah Rukh Khan will give the auction a miss, but his franchise is apparently not too keen on buying their captain and icon player Sourav Ganguly again. ...

Billionaires bargain in big bazaar

Deccan Chronicle - ‎Jan 7, 2011‎
Rahul Dravid, Yuvraj Singh and Sourav Ganguly, who represented RCB, Kings XI and KKR will be up for grabs at the maximum reserve price which has a plethora ...

IPL's first auction: what happened then

Cricketnext.com - ‎Jan 7, 2011‎
So Mumbai chose Sachin Tendulkar, Delhi picked Virender Sehwag, Kolkata went for Sourav Ganguly, Bangalore for Rahul Dravid and Punjab for Yuvraj Singh. ...

Former stars focus of IPL auction

GulfNews - Gautam Bhattacharyya - ‎Jan 5, 2011‎

India: Gautam Gambhir, Yuvraj Singh, Rahul Dravid, Sourav Ganguly, Yusuf Pathan, Zaheer Khan, Ashish Nehra. - Australia: Adam Gilchrist, Shaun Marsh, ...

IPL Auction: Gambhir tops list; Ganguly, Lara unsold

NDTV.com - ‎Jan 8, 2011‎
But there were some surprise names in the unsold list with former India and KKR captain Sourav Ganguly, West Indies batting star Chris Gayle and the ...

Dummy's Guide To The IPL Player Auction

Yahoo! Cricket (blog) - ‎Jan 7, 2011‎
This includes players like Adam Gilchrist, Brett Lee, James Anderson, Kevin Pietersen, Rahul Dravid, Sourav Ganguly, Sachin Tendulkar and many more. ...

IPL Auction: Gambhir costliest buy of day 1

Cricketnext.com - Jaspreet Sahni - ‎Jan 7, 2011‎
Sourav Ganguly, India's most successful opening batsman and skipper, was brought onto the auction table for a reserve price of USD 400000. ...

Cricket Superstars Up for Grabs at IPL Auction

Wall Street Journal (blog) - Will Davies - ‎Jan 7, 2011‎
There are around 20 players in the top reserve price bracket, including India 's Rahul Dravid, Yuvraj Singh andSourav Ganguly, as well as overseas stars ...

IPL 4 auction: Gambhir fetches record price of $2.4 million

Indiatimes - ‎Jan 8, 2011‎
But therewere some surprise names in the unsold list with former India and KKR captainSourav Ganguly, West Indies batting star Chris Gayle and the legendary ...

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IPL auction 2011

'A great feeling for the Pathan family'

Tariq Engineer

January 8, 2011

Comments: 13 | Login via | Text size: A | A

*

The combined bids for the Pathan brothers totalled US$4 million © AFP

Enlarge

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News : Teams spend big to overhaul their rosters

Players/Officials: Irfan Pathan | Yusuf Pathan

Series/Tournaments: Indian Premier League

Teams: Delhi Daredevils | India | Kings XI Punjab | Kolkata Knight Riders | Rajasthan Royals


Among the big winners on the first day of the 2011 IPL auction were the Pathan brothers, Yusuf andIrfan, whose combined bids totalled US$4m. While Yusuf, who was bought by the Kolkata Knight Riders for $2.1m, was always expected to attract one of the highest bids, Irfan commanding $1.9m was something of a surprise.

Irfan is still recovering from a back injury and hasn't played competitive cricket since last season's IPL (almost nine months ago). Yet, there was strong interest from five franchises at the auction, with Delhi Daredevils ultimately emerging victorious over Kings XI Punjab, which had bought Irfan in the 2008 auction for half of what Delhi paid this time around.

"It is a very good start to 2011," Irfan told ESPNcricinfo. "People think I am an important player. I am very pleased. It is a great feeling for the whole family."

Irfan, who watched the bidding live on television, admitted the high price tag would only add to the scrutiny of his performances as he targeted a return from his injury, but said it was all part of the game. "To be very honest, the more money, the more pressure there is. [But] pressure will always be there, whether you are playing for your country, or playing domestic cricket.

"I am feeling much feeling better. The way I am bowling, I will be able take any pressure."

Irfan was not selected in India's 30-man squad for the upcoming World Cup because of his injury and while he expected to return to competitive cricket with Baroda for the domestic one-day tournament in February, he realised the IPL was his best chance of attracting the attention of India's selectors ahead of India's tours to England and the West Indies next summer.

"It is a big platform for me. The whole world is watching it. Even though it is only a four-over game, people come to know what you can do. I want to play for my country. That is why I am working for hard. The best recognition you get playing for your country. It can't be replaced by money."

Irfan had an impressive IPL in 2010, even though Punjab finished at the bottom of the table. He was the team's third highest run-scorer with 276 runs at an average of 34.50 and a strike-rate of 148.38. He also took 15 wickets at a strike rate of 18.50 and an average of 28.40. He described his time with Punjab as "very memorable", saying it was an experience he would cherish all his life, and called Preity Zinta, among the co-owners of the franchise, "an amazing boss". He was also flattered that the franchise tried so hard to buy him this time around as well, but said now that he had a new team, it was time to look ahead.

"Delhi has been a really good side in the IPL and been performing really well even though they haven't lifted the cup. It is one of the biggest cities in India and has a larger fan base. I have played with Viru [Virender Sehwag] and I am looking forward to playing for Delhi."

Yusuf, too, said he was very pleased with the result of the auction, both for himself and Irfan, but added he wasn't thinking as far ahead as the IPL as his focus was on the ODI series against South Africa and then the World Cup. He did, however, admit he would miss playing for Rajasthan Royals, for whom he scored a memorable 37-ball hundred against Mumbai Indians, an innings Shane Warne called the best he had ever seen.

"Obviously I will miss Warne and Watson and the rest of team,' Yusuf said. "At the same time, I have always enjoyed playing in Kolkata because the people there love their cricket, and are passionate about it. The atmosphere is great. This is a great opportunity. It will be a new team, new players, but I have played with many of them. It won't be too difficult to adjust to the new set-up."

Yusuf said Kolkata had the makings of a good team and could potentially make the final with the likes of Jacques Kallis, Gautam Gambhir and himself. He tipped Gambhir, under whose leadership he played in the ODI series against New Zealand, where he made that savage match-winning hundred, to captain the side. He was also looking forward to being part of a team owned by Bollywood superstar Shah Rukh Khan.

"Shah Rukh likes his cricket. Whatever match is there, he comes to the ground and watches. I will get to learn something new here."

With inputs from Sidharth Monga

Tariq Engineer is a senior sub-editor at Cricinfo Feeds: Tariq Engineer
© ESPN EMEA Ltd.

http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/content/story/495981.html

Indian Premier League Auction 2011

Teams spend big to overhaul their rosters

ESPNcricinfo staff

January 8, 2011

Comments: 26 | Login via | Text size: A | A

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Gautam Gambhir was the most expensive player in the 2011 IPL auction, going to Kolkata Knight Riders for $2.4m © AFP

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News : 'A great feeling for the Pathan family'

Analysis : The English question, and other answers

Players/Officials: Gautam Gambhir

Series/Tournaments: Indian Premier League

Teams: India


Shaking off months of controversy, litigation and uncertainty, cricket's biggest, richest and most brassy domestic event, the Indian Premier League, sprang into life again, breaking records and banks on the first day of auction weekend in Bangalore.

From the 88 players auctioned today, 15 new millionaires were created by the ten IPL franchises who will compete in season four, but there was another sorry bunch of 16 players who were left 'unsold' when the auction finally ended at 6 pm.

Minutes after his name was the first to be randomly pulled out from a list of 'marquee players' at 11 am on Saturday morning, Gautam Gambhir earned the highest playing contract in cricket, $2.4 million for two years with the Kolkata Knight Riders. With the top seven of the 15 new 'millionaires' being Indian, the day was marked by big spends for the small 48-strong pool of home-grown talent available to the ten teams, who must now compete to create new squads from scratch. Just over a month ago, the number of teams in the auction had been unclear, with Kochi trying to establish an undisputed ownership pattern and Rajasthan Royals and Kings XI Punjab fighting the BCCI against their sudden expulsion from the lucrative league.

In Bangalore on Saturday though, with differences quelled for the moment, the auction diverted the IPL spotlight away from legal disputes towards the Bollywood and big business-driven spectacle it was meant to be. There were 72 players (30 Indians, 42 foreign players) sold on the first day of the auction for $52.8m. If Gambhir was the highest-earning Indian ever in the league (going for more than Sachin Tendulkar, MS Dhoni and Virender Sehwag's 'retention' salaries), Sri Lankan Mahela Jayawardene became the highest-earning overseas player, signed on for $1.5m by Kochi, the only team left to declare its formal, merchandise-friendly IPL name. They have until April 8 to decide, the IPL beginning just a week after the end of the World Cup.

If there was a single trend through the giant auction player pool, it was this: younger, high-impact men, whether with bat or ball, and genuine multi-tasking allrounders went for the highest price, even if it was the sole big spend a team could make. The player's marketability was an additional bonus. It is what explains the $1.9m for Irfan Pathan, who has spent a good portion of the domestic season injured and now finds himself out of India's World Cup probables as well.

The short supply of Indians in categories of all kind meant that a younger bunch of Indians suddenly found themselves receiving wages far higher than their more experienced colleagues. The Pune Warriors' $2.1m spend on Robin Uthappa (only the third $2m man), for example, was well ahead of their $1.8m on Yuvraj Singh, who may well eventually be named Pune captain.

South Africa's Twenty20 captain Johan Botha went for almost double the price of his Test and ODI captain Graeme Smith to Rajasthan Royals, the team Smith had played for in the first three years. Along with the franchise owners and coaches present in the auction room, the team's captain-coach Shane Warne spent the day in consultations over the telephone with the franchise.

There were several approaches at work today: Kolkata made their intentions clear early on, first winning allrounder Yusuf Pathan at the second-highest bid for the day, $2.1m. By lunchtime, they had spent another $1.1m on South African allrounder Jacques Kallis. As the only team to have three millionaires on their payroll, Kolkata were willing to gamble early on spending more than half of the $9m salary cap on three players.

Most of the other teams also tried to overhaul their personnel in an attempt to avoid the mistakes of the previous three seasons. Going against that grain, though, Chennai Super Kings, the current IPL Champions as well as the Champions League Twenty20 winners, retained as many as eight players from their successful campaigns. Four of those were retained before the auction which cut their salary cap by half and today, despite being the most infrequent bidder, Chennai managed to both sign on key members of their old squad and stick to their restricted budget.

A Chennai official said the team's approach was not surprising given that it had been asking the BCCI to allow it to retain players for the last year. "We had the strategy to retain as many players as possible. They players definitely wanted to stay back with us and it helps maintain the winning the form. Our aim has been that our team should gel well and hence we have always felt we shouldn't change it. You can't get a player only for two months and then discard them."

He said the men behind keeping the unit intact were the-captain-and-coach pair of MS Dhoni and Stephen Fleming: "The coach and the captain believe in this same ethos and they are the ones who have established this trend."

The IPL, which has broad-based and transformed cricket's entire economy, once again produced unexpected, unorthodox and some illogical changes as well.

The returns from the IPL auction for the England players continue to remain uneven: three players from their World Twenty20-winning team, Graeme Swann, James Anderson and Luke Wright were unsold (along with wicketkeeper Matt Prior, while Kevin Pietersen, Stuart Broad, Eoin Morgan and Paul Collingwood were bought for a total of $1.65m). The Ashes may well be a sign of doom for the Australian cricket establishment but at the IPL, they remain the most sought after overseas hirings, with 18 Australians being signed on today.

The three West Indian cricketers who have turned down central contracts with their board have been dealt with differently: Kieron Pollard had been retained by Mumbai Indians, Dwayne Bravo was bought cheap at $200,000 by Chennai, but the most experienced of the three, left-hand opener Chris Gayle found himself without a contract of any kind.

On a day when franchises signed up as many as 42 overseas players, Sri Lanka's Ajantha Mendis found himself unsought after as did Bangladesh's attacking opener, Tamim Iqbal, and New Zealand's Jesse Ryder, who by all logic, is New Zealand's leading impact man after Brendon McCullum.

In the symbolic statement of representing both the shorter, sharper, faster and more demanding format of Twenty20 and therefore the 'Gen Next' cricketer, older men like the retired Brian Lara and the semi-retired Sourav Ganguly have been left on the shelf. Similarly, Rahul Dravid and VVS Laxman, mainstays of the Indian Test middle order, also struggled to get a bid any distance over their 'base price'. Dravid finds himself in the cash-strapped Rajasthan Royals franchise on a $500,000 salary while Laxman went at his price of $400,000 to the first and only bidder Kochi. Three years ago, this would have been a handsome wage, but in the time of the $2.4m contract and in the IPL's unreal pay scales, these are lean pickings.

The presence of Harbhajan Singh and Andrew Symonds in the same Mumbai Indians dressing room will serve as a handy marketing pitch for the tightly-controlled high rollers of the IPL. For all the advertising about the rationale and practicality of franchise purchase, several auction equations remained unbalanced: the $1.6m spend on Saurabh Tiwary did not exactly go hand in hand with the absence in the auction of some highly rated IPL names - Manish Pandey, Sidharth Trivedi, Ambati Rayudu. Piyush Chawla's $900,000 compared to IPL 3's top wicket-taker Pragyan Ojha's $500,000 could not be explained but then again neither could the general silence around Murali Kartik, whose economy-rate for the struggling Kolkata last season was better than both younger men.

One the men who has benefitted the most in the auction would be allrounder Ravindra Jadeja who was left out of the Rajashthan team last season for entering into discussions about a transfer to the Mumbai team. Jadeja came to within $50,000 of being IPL 4's Mr Millionaire No. 16.

At the auction tomorrow, there will be 71 more players up for sale, with the number of Indians now down to 18.

© ESPN EMEA Ltd.
IPL auction 2011
'A great feeling for the Pathan family'
Jan 8, 2011: The Pathan brothers, Irfan and Yusuf, on their bumper bids at 2011 IPL auction and what they could expect from their new teams
Tariq Engineer
Indian Premier League Auction 2011
Davy Jacobs eager to open with Tendulkar
Jan 8, 2011: Davy Jacobs is looking forward to opening the batting for Mumbai Indians with Sachin Tendulkar, while Johan Botha admits being surprised at his high price
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Teams spend big to overhaul their rosters
Jan 8, 2011: Cricket's biggest, richest and most brassy domestic event, the Indian Premier League, sprang to life again, breaking records on the first day of the auction
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IPL auction 2011
Ryder, Kartik, Kaif go in re-bidding
Jan 8, 2011: India opener Gautam Gambhir was the first player sold in the 2011 IPL auction, signed up by Kolkata Knight Riders for a record $2.4 million
ESPNcricinfo staff
IPL player list
Jan 8, 2011: An interactive list of IPL players, what they sold for, and who bought them
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'Marquee' players to get auction rolling
Jan 7, 2011: A primer to the 2011 IPL auction to be held in Bengaluru on January 8 and 9
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Indians set for record payday
Jan 7, 2011: The Indian players in the IPL auction could be set for a bumper payday as there is far more overseas talent for fewer slots and vice versa
Sharda Ugra and Nagraj Gollapudi
Indian Premier League
Franchises unhappy over uncapped player rules
Jan 7, 2011: Several IPL franchises are unhappy over the rule that resulted in uncapped Indian players not being part of the auction
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Ten teams in IPL almost a certainty
Jan 5, 2011: The IPL governing council has all but cleared the participation of ten teams in the fourth edition of the league, which starts a week after the World Cup
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Bevan named Kings XI Punjab coach
Jan 5, 2011: Michael Bevan, the former Australia batsman, has been appointed coach of Kings XI Punjab for the fourth edition of the IPL
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IPL 2011 news
Kumble pulls out of IPL auction
Jan 4, 2011: Anil Kumble, the former Indian legspinner who also captained Royal Challengers Bangalore, has withdrawn from the IPL citing business commitments
ESPNcricinfo staff
The IPL mess
Rajasthan, Punjab submit bank guarantees
Jan 3, 2011: Rajasthan Royals and Kings XI Punjab have filed affidavits in the Bombay High Court stating they have obtained bank guarantees to cover the cost of players' salaries and the teams' contracts with the BCCI
Tariq Engineer and Nagraj Gollapudi
IPL 2011 news
IPL cuts 66 players from auction list
Dec 31, 2010: The IPL has pruned its auction list for the next season from a preliminary 416 to 350, and also increased the base prices of Sourav Ganguly and VVS Laxman
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Geoff Lawson to be Kochi coach
Dec 29, 2010: Geoff Lawson, the former Australia fast bowler, will be appointed head coach of the Kochi IPL team, ESPNcricinfo has learnt
Nagraj Gollapudi
The IPL mess
Court halves Rajasthan's guarantee money
Dec 28, 2010: The Bombay High Court has halved the quantum of the security guarantee Rajasthan Royals will have to furnish towards player payments for the next two years and to cover their contract with the Indian board
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IPL news
'IPL yet to respond on Pakistan participation' - PCB
Dec 25, 2010: The PCB has said it contacted the IPL to seek clarity regarding the participation of their players in cricket's most lucrative league
Osman Samiuddin
The IPL Mess
Bombay HC stays Modi disciplinary proceedings
Dec 25, 2010: The Bombay High Court has stayed until January 10, 2011 the proceedings of the BCCI's disciplinary committee that is investigating charges against former IPL chairman Lalit Modi
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IPL News
IPL asks franchises not to approach domestic players
Dec 21, 2010: The BCCI has sent a notice to all 10 IPL franchises instructing them to refrain from approaching uncapped India domestic players until notified to do so
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Lara, Dravid in highest price band for IPL auction
Dec 20, 2010: Brian Lara might not have played active cricket for four years but he is one of the 21 names to attract the highest reserve price of $400,000 ahead of the IPL players' auction, to be held in Bangalore on January 8 and 9
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IPL 2011 likely to have ten teams
Dec 18, 2010: The fourth season of the IPL is set to go ahead with 10 teams and 74 matches as originally planned, according to sources
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http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/content/story/495956.html

Henotheistic aspects of Hinduism

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Henotheism is a predominant aspect of Hinduism. Furthermore, Hindu practices range from monism, pantheism to panentheism, aptly termed as monistic theism and even open henotheism by some scholars. Hinduism has often been confused to be polytheistic because one leading denomination, Smartism, which follows the Advaita philosophy of absolute monism, and includes worship of all kinds of personal forms of God. Absolute monists see one unity with all personal forms of God as different aspects of one Supreme Being, like a single beam of light separated into colors by a prism. Thus Smartas consider all personal forms of God as equal including Devi, Vishnu, Siva, Ganesh andSkanda but generally limit the recognized forms to be six. Other denominations of Hinduism, don't adhere to the Smarta viewpoint, but are quite unlike Western perceptions of monotheism. Additionally, like Judeo-Christian traditions which believe in angels, Hindus also believe in less powerful entities, such as devas.[1]
Contemporary Hinduism can be categorized into four major sects: Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism. Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism worship Vishnu, Shiva, and Devi - the Divine Mother, as the Supreme Being respectively, considering all Hindu deities as aspects of the Supreme Being. Other minor sects such as Ganapatya and Saura focus on Ganesha and Surya as the Supreme. However all these are simply aspects of God, as described in Rig Veda 1.164.46,

Indraṃ mitraṃ varuṇamaghnimāhuratho divyaḥ sa suparṇo gharutmān,

ekaṃ sad viprā bahudhā vadantyaghniṃ yamaṃ mātariśvānamāhuḥ

"They call him Indra, Mitra, Varuṇa, Agni, and he is heavenly nobly-winged Garutmān.

To what is One, sages give many a title they call it Agni, Yama, Mātariśvan."(trans. Griffith)

The Brahma Samhita 5.45 declares, Lord Vishnu is milk; Lord Shiva is yogurt. Other aspects of God are expansions or aspects of Vishnu or Shiva which is detailed in various Puranas. Vaishnavites, like other Hindus, have tolerance for other beliefs because Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu, said so in the Gita. Krishna says: "Whatever deity or form a devotee worships, I make his or her faith steady. However, their wishes are only granted by Me alone." (Gita 7:21-22) Another quote in the Gita states: "O Arjuna, even those devotees who worship other lesser deities (e.g., devas, for example) with faith, they also worship Me, but in an improper way because I am the Supreme Being. I alone am the enjoyer of all sacrificial services (Seva, Yajna) and Lord of the universe." (Gita 9:23).
The purpose of performing religion is neither to profit by material gain nor to get the simple knowledge of discerning matter from spirit. The ultimate aim of religious performances is to release oneself from material bondage and regain the life of freedom in the transcendental world, where the Personality of Godhead is the Supreme Person.[1]

Contents

[hide]



    [edit]Krishna-centered henotheism

    Main articles: Krishnaism and Svayam Bhagavan
    Krishna-centered theology refers to Krishna with the title Svayam Bhagavan, meaning 'Lord Himself' and it is used exclusively to designate Krishna as the Supreme Lord.[2] Certain other traditions of Hinduism consider Krishna to be the source of all incarnations,[3] and the source of Vishnu himself or to be the same as Narayana.[4][5][6] The term is seldom used to refer to other forms of Krishna and/or Vishnu within the context of certain religious texts such as the Bhagavata Purana.
    Though Krishna is recognized as Svayam Bhagavan by many,[7] he is also perceived and understood from an eclectic assortment of perspectives and viewpoints.[8] When Krishna is recognized to be Svayam Bhagavan, it can be understood that this is the belief of Gaudiya Vaishnavism,[9] the Vallabha Sampradaya,[10] and the Nimbarka Sampradaya, where Krishna is accepted to be the source of all other avatars, and the source of Vishnu himself. This belief is drawn primarily from the famous statement of the Bhagavatam[11] (1.3.28):[12]
    All of the descents and incarnations are either plenary portions or portions of the plenary portions of the Lord, but Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa is the original Personality of Godhead.
    Vaishnavism is one of the earliest implicit manifestations of monotheism in the traditions of Vedas. Svayam bhagavan is a Sanskrit term for the original deity of the Supreme God worshiped across many traditions of the Vaishnavism as the source of all, the monotheistic absolute Deity.[4][5] [13] Within Hinduism, Krishna is worshiped from a variety of perspectives.[8] However it must be noted that the Svayam bhagavanconcept refers to the Supreme Being of the Orthodox Gaudiya Vaishnavism,[9] the Vallabha Sampradaya and the Nimbarka Sampradaya, where Krishna is worshiped as the source of all other avatars (including Vishnu).[14] [15] [16] A distinguishing feature of the Vaisnava teachings is that God, Krishna or Vishnu,[5] is a real person and His variegated creation is also real.[5][17]
    *

    The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (June 2010)



    Krishna worshiped in Vaisnava religion as the Supreme came into being as soon as all creatures came into existence. Brahma was the first Vaisnava. In Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Shiva Mahadeva is also a Vaisnava; in Shaivism, by contrast, Shiva is the supreme God. The ancient Prajapaties are all Vaisnavas. Narada who is the born child of Brahma, is a Vaisnava. Thus pure monotheistic Vaisnava religion began with the beginning of history.[17] In the recent times man arrived once again at the instinctive monotheism of the Aryans and Vaisnavas.[18]

    A different viewpoint, opposing this theological concept is the concept of Krishna as an avatara of Narayana or Vishnu. It should be however noted that although its is usual to speak of Vishnu as the source of the avataras, this is only one of the names of god of Vaishnavism, who is also known as Narayana, Vasudeva and Krishna and behind each of those names there is a divine figure with attributed supremacy inVaishnavism.[19] The theological interpretation of svayam bhagavān differs with each tradition and the translated from the Sanskrit language, the term literary means "Bhagavan Himself" or "directly Bhagavan".[11] Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition often translates it within its perspective asprimeval Lord or original Personality of Godhead, but also considers the terms such as Supreme Personality of Godhead and Supreme Godas an equivalent to the term Svayam Bhagavan, and may also choose to apply these terms to Vishnu, Narayana and many of their associated avatars.[20][21] Others have translated it simply as "the Lord Himself".[22] Followers of Vishnu-centered sampradayas of Vaishnavism rarely address this term, but believe that it refers to their belief that Krishna is among the highest and fullest of all avatars[23]and is considered to be the "paripurna avatara", complete in all respects and the same as the original.[24]

    The prime supporters of the Krishna-centered theology, Gaudiya Vaishnavas and followers of the Vallabha Sampradaya Nimbarka Sampradaya, use the Gopala Tapani Upanishad,[25] Vedanta Sutras[11] and other Hindu scriptures such as the Bhagavata Purana and theBrahma Vaivarta Purana, among others, to support their view that Krishna is indeed the Svayam Bhagavan. This belief was summarized by the 16th century author Jiva Goswami in some of his works, such as Krishna-sandarbha.[11][26] While Krishna himself if mentioned in one of the earliest texts of Vedic literature - Rig-Veda.[27]

    In the sixth book of the Hindu epic Mahābhārata, the Bhishma Parva (better known as the Bhagavad Gita), Krishna offers numerous quotations that reaffirm the belief that he himself is the Svayam Bhagavan. Verse 7.7 of the Bhagavad Gita, is often used to support the opinion that Krishna himself is the Svayam Bhagavan, and that no impersonal form of Brahman supersedes his existence, as it is an common view that Bhagavad Gita was propounding Krishna-theism before first major proponents of monism of the Smarta school.[28]

    [edit]Smarta view

    The system prevalent in Hinduism is defined by the Smartha philosophy; this theory allows for the veneration of numerous deities, but on the understanding that all of them are but manifestation of the one divine power (a belief sometimes called soft polytheism). That ultimate divinity is termed Brahman or Atman, and is believed to have no specific form, name or attribute.[29] Only a Smartha, or follower of the Advaitaphilosophy, would have no problem worshiping every imaginable deity with equal veneration; as the view is that all names and forms of deities are merely manifestations of the same God. Other Hindu sects such as Vaishnavism and Shaivism conform more closely to a Western understanding of what a monotheistic faith is. For instance, a Vaishnavite considers Vishnu as being the one and only true God, an attitude that resonates with that of the Abrahamic religions. However, it is Advaita philosophy that defines the Smartha sect of mainstream Hinduism, and imparts to Indic spiritual and religious traditions their renowned liberalism.

    [edit]Swaminarayan view

    Swaminarayan, founder of the Hindu Swaminarayan sect, said in verse 115 of their scripture, Shikshapatri said, "Shree Krishna Bhagwan and Shree Krishna Bhagwan's incarnations alone are worthy of meditation. Similarly, Shree Krishna Bhagwan's images are worthy. And men ordevas, even if they are devotees of Shree Krishna Bhagwan or brahmavettaa (knower of divinity), they are still not worthy of meditation - and thus one should not meditate upon them."

    The Brahma Samhita 5.45 declares, Lord Vishnu is milk; Lord Shiva is yogurt.[30] Followers of Swaminaryan are Vaishnavas, but differ from the viewpoint attested by Gaudiya Vaishnavas who emphasis Shiva as a subordinate demigod expansion of Krishna. For example, in verses 47, 84, 108, Swaminaryan states:[31]

    "

    And the oneness of Narayana and Shiva should be understood, as the Vedas have described both to be Brahmaroopa, or form of Brahman, i.e., Saguna Brahman, thus indicating that Vishnu and Shiva are different forms of the one and same God.

    And that Ishvara is Shree Krishna Bhagawan (Shree Swaminarayan Bhagwan), who is supremeParabrahm, Purushottam, our Ishta-deva (principal deity), worthy of worship, and the cause of all incarnations.

    „



    [edit]Perspective of a Muslim theologian

    The first Muslim scholar of India—Al-Biruni—rejected the notion that Hindus were inherently polytheistic when he wrote:

    "

    The educated among the Hindus abhor anthropomorphisms of this kind, but the crowd and the members of the single sects use them most extensively. The Hindus believe with regard to God that he is one, eternal, without beginning and end, acting by free-will, almighty, all-wise, living, giving life, ruling, preserving; one who in his sovereignty is unique, beyond all likeness and unlikeness, and that he does not resemble anything nor does anything resemble him.[32]

    "



    Edward Washburn Hopkins quotes Moses as a proof that admission that other gods exist, does not nullify notion of monotheism in the Bible. "Who is like unto Thee, O Lord, among other gods?" However, Western understanding is tinted in assuming that the monism of Advaitaphilosophers is equivalent to monotheism as in Vaishnavism.[1]

    [edit]See also


    [edit]Notes

    1. ^ a b Edward Washburn Hopkins (1896). Morris Jastrow,. ed. THE RELIGIONS OF INDIA. Jr. Ginn & Co. pp. 204. ISBN 9781603031431.
    2. ^ Gupra, 2007, p.36 note 9.
    3. ^ Bhagawan Swaminarayan bicentenary commemoration volume, 1781-1981. p. 154: ...Shri Vallabhacharya [and] Shri Swaminarayan... Both of them designate the highest reality as Krishna, who is both the highest avatara and also the source of other avataras. To quote R. Kaladhar Bhatt in this context. "In this transcendental devotieon (Nirguna Bhakti), the sole Deity and only" is Krishna. New Dimensions in Vedanta Philosophy - Page 154, Sahajānanda, Vedanta. 1981
    4. ^ a b Delmonico, N. (2004). "The History Of Indic Monotheism And Modern Chaitanya Vaishnavism". The Hare Krishna Movement: the Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant (Columbia University Press). ISBN 9780231122566. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
    5. ^ a b c d Elkman, S.M.; Gosvami, J. (1986). Jiva Gosvamin's Tattvasandarbha: A Study on the Philosophical and Sectarian Development of the Gaudiya Vaishnava Movement. Motilal Banarsidass Pub.
    6. ^ Dimock Jr, E.C.; Dimock, E.C. (1989). The Place of the Hidden Moon: Erotic Mysticism in the Vaisnava-Sahajiya Cult of Bengal. University Of Chicago Press. page 132
    7. ^ Mepathur Narayana Bhattatiri (2003). Narayaneeyam-Bhagavata, Condensed Edition. Sri Ramakrishna Math. ISBN 81-7120-419-8.pp.234-239
    8. ^ a b Mahony, W.K. (1987). "Perspectives on Krishna's Various Personalities". History of Religions 26 (3): 333–335. doi:10.1086/463085. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
    9. ^ a b Kennedy, M.T. (1925). The Chaitanya Movement: A Study of the Vaishnavism of Bengal. H. Milford, Oxford university press.
    10. ^ Flood, Gavin D. (1996). An introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 341. ISBN 0-521-43878-0. Retrieved 2008-04-21."Early Vaishnava worship focuses on three deities who become fused together, namely Vasudeva-Krishna, Krishna-Gopala and Narayana, who in turn all become identified with Vishnu. Put simply, Vasudeva-Krishna and Krishna-Gopala were worshiped by groups generally referred to as Bhagavatas, while Narayana was worshipped by the Pancaratra sect."
    11. ^ a b c d Gupta, Ravi M. (2007). Caitanya Vaisnava Vedanta of Jiva Gosvami. Routledge. ISBN 0415405483.
    12. ^ Essential Hinduism S. Rosen, 2006, Greenwood Publishing Group p.124 ISBN 0275990060
    13. ^ Klostermaier, K. (1974). "The Bhaktirasamrtasindhubindu of Visvanatha Cakravartin". Journal of the American Oriental Society (American Oriental Society) 94 (1): 96–107. doi:10.2307/599733. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
    14. ^ Ojha, P.N. (1978). Aspects of Medieval Indian Society and Culture. BR Pub. Corp.; New Delhi: DK Publishers' Distributors.
    15. ^ Bhag 1.3.28 Chapter 3: Kṛṣṇa Is the Source of All Incarnations
    16. ^ See McDaniel, June, "Folk Vaishnavism and Ṭhākur Pañcāyat: Life and status among village Krishna statues" in Beck 2005, p. 39
    17. ^ a b Richard Thompson, Ph. D. (December 1994). Reflections on the Relation Between Religion and Modern Rationalism. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
    18. ^ Dalmia-luderitz, V. (1992). "Hariscandra of Banaras and the reassessment of Vaisnava bhakti in the late nineteenth century". Devotional Literature in South Asia: Current Research, 1985-8 (Cambridge University Press). ISBN 9780521413114. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
    19. ^ Matchett 2000, p. 4
    20. ^ Knapp, S. (2005). The Heart of Hinduism: The Eastern Path to Freedom, Empowerment and Illumination -. iUniverse. "Krishna is the primeval Lord, the original Personality of Godhead, so He can expand Himself into unlimited forms with all potencies." page 161
    21. ^ Dr. Kim Knott, (1993). Contemporary Theological Trends In The Hare Krishna Movement: A Theology of Religions. Retrieved 2008-04-12...."Bhakti, the highest path, was that of surrender to Lord Krishna, the way of pure devotional service to the Supreme Personality of Godhead".
    22. ^ K. Klostermaier (1997). The Charles Strong Trust Lectures, 1972-1984. Crotty, Robert B.. Brill Academic Pub. p. 206. ISBN 90-04-07863-0. "For his worshippers he is not an avatara in the usual sense, but Svayam Bhagavan, the Lord himself." p.109 Klaus Klostermaier translates it simply as "the Lord Himself"
    23. ^ Bipin Chandra Pal (1964, 132 pages). Shree Krishna: Letters Written to a Christian Friend. Yugayatri/New India Printing & Publishing Co.. "First edition published in 1938 under the title of 'Europe asks: who is Shree Krishna'."p. 31: Shree Krishna stands at the top of this series. He is therefore called by his votaries as Purna Avatara or the highest and fullest incarnation of the Lord.
    24. ^ "Sapthagiri". www.tirumala.org. Retrieved 2008-05-03. Parashara Maharishi, Vyasa's father had devoted the largest Amsa (part) in Vishnu Purana to the description of Sri Krishna Avatara the Paripoorna Avatara. And according to Lord Krishna's own (instructions) upadesha, "he who knows (the secrets of) His (Krishna's) Janma (birth) and Karma (actions) will not remain in samsara (punar janma naiti- maam eti) and attain Him after leaving the mortal coil." (BG 4.9). Parasara Maharishi ends up Amsa 5 with a phalashruti in an identical vein (Vishnu Purana .5.38.94)
    25. ^ B. V. Tripurari (2004). Gopala-tapani Upanisad. Audarya Press. ISBN 1-932771-12-3.
    26. ^ Gupta, Ravi M. (2004). Caitanya Vaisnava Vedanta: Acintyabhedabheda in Jiva Gosvami's Catursutri tika. University Of Oxford.
    27. ^ Sunil Kumar Bhattacharya Krishna-cult in Indian Art. 1996 M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 8175330015 p.126: "According to (D.R.Bhadarkar), the word Krishna referred to in the expression 'Krishna-drapsah' in the Rig- Veda, denotes the very same Krishna".
    28. ^ S. Devadas Pillai, ed (1997). Indian Sociology Through Ghurye: A Dictionary. Columbia, Mo: South Asia Books. p. 403. ISBN 81-7154-807-5.
    29. ^ Sivaya Subramuniyaswami (2004). Dancing with Siva: Hinduism's Contemporary Catechism. Himalayan Academy Publications.ISBN 0945497962.
    30. ^ http://vedabase.net/bs/5/45/en Sri Bramha Samhita 5.45
    31. ^ Shree Swaminarayan Temple Cardiff - Scriptures - Shikshapatri
    32. ^ "BĪRŪNĪ and the study of non-Islamic Religions". www.fravahr.org. Retrieved 2009-08-07.

    [edit]References

    • Gupta, Ravi M. (2007). Caitanya Vaisnava Vedanta of Jiva Gosvami's Catursutri tika. Routledge. ISBN 0415405483.
    • Flood, G.D. (2006). The Tantric Body: The Secret Tradition of Hindu Religion. IB Tauris. ISBN 1845110129.
    • Delmonico, N. (2004). "The History Of Indic Monotheism And Modern Chaitanya Vaishnavism". The Hare Krishna Movement: the Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant (Columbia University Press). ISBN 9780231122566. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
    • D Hudson (1993). "Vasudeva Krsna in Theology and Architecture: A Background to Srivaisnavism". Journal of Vaisnava Studies (2).
    • Matchett (2000). Krsna, Lord or Avatara? the relationship between Krsna and Visnu: in the context of the Avatara myth as presented by the Harivamsa, the Visnupurana and the Bhagavatapurana. Surrey: Routledge. pp. 254. ISBN 0-7007-1281-X.

    Categories: Monotheism | Hindu philosophical concepts | Hindu views

    God in Hinduism

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    This article is about conceptions of God in Hindu monotheistic traditions. For other concepts in Hinduism, see Hindu deities.

    Conceptions of God

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    In Hinduism the concept of God is complex and depends on the particular tradition. The concept spans from absolutemonism all the way to henotheism, monotheism and polytheism. In majority of Vaishnavism traditions, He is Vishnu, God, and the text identifies this being as Krishna, sometimes referred as svayam bhagavan. The term isvara - from the root is, to have extraordinary power. Some forms of traditional sankhya systems contrast purusha (devine, or souls) toprakriti (nature or energy), however term of sovereign God, ishvara is mentioned six times in the Atharva Veda, and is central to many traditions.[1] For Sindhi Hindus, who are deeply influenced by Sikhism, God is seen as the omnipotent cultivation of all Hindu gods and goddesses. In short, the soul paramatma of all Gods and Goddesses are the omnipresent Brahman and are enlightened beings

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      [edit]Ishvara

      Main article: Ishvara

      The Sanskrit word for God with the root is referring to a being with extraordinary powers,[1] that is used most commonly, is Ishvara, originally a title comparable to "Lord", from the roots īśa, lit., powerful/lord/owner, + vara, lit., choicest/most excellent.

      [edit]Svayam Bhagavan

      Bhagavan Krishna with Radharani

      Main article: Svayam Bhagavan

      Svayam bhagavan is a Sanskrit theological term that refers to the concept of absolute representation of the monotheistic God as Bhagavan himself within Hinduism.

      It is most often used in Gaudiya Vaishnava Krishna-centered theology as referring to Krishna. The titleSvayam Bhagavan is used exclusively to designate Krishna.[2] Certain other traditions of Hinduismconsider him to be the source of all avataras, and the source of Vishnu himself, or to be the same asNarayana. As such, he is therefore regarded as Svayam Bhagavan.[3][4][5]

      The term is seldom used to refer to other forms of Krishna and/or Vishnu within the context of certain religious texts such as the Bhagavata Purana, and also within other sects of Vaishnavism.

      When Krishna is recognized to be Svayam Bhagavan, it can be understood that this is the belief ofGaudiya Vaishnavism,[6] the Vallabha Sampradaya,[7] and the Nimbarka Sampradaya, where Krishna is accepted to be the source of all other avatars, and the source of Vishnu himself. This belief is drawn primarily "from the famous statement of the Bhagavatam"(1.3.28).[8]

      A different viewpoint, opposing this theological concept is the concept of Krishna as an avatara ofNarayana or Vishnu. It should be however noted that although its is usual to speak of Vishnu as the source of the avataras, this is only one of the names of god of Vaishnavism, who is also known as Narayana, Vasudeva and Krishna and behind each of those names there is a divine figure with attributed supremacy in Vaishnavism.[9]

      The theological interpretation of svayam bhagavān differs with each tradition and the literal translation of the term has been understood in several distinct ways. Translated from the Sanskrit language, the term literary means "Bhagavan Himself" or "directly Bhagavan".[10] Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition often translates it within its perspective as primeval Lord or original Personality of Godhead, but also considers the terms such as Supreme Personality of Godhead and Supreme God as an equivalent to the term Svayam bhagavan, and may also choose to apply these terms to Vishnu, Narayana and many of their associated avatars.[11][12]

      Earlier commentators such as Madhvacharya translated the term Svayam Bhagavan as "he who has bhagavatta"; meaning "he who has the quality of possessing all good qualities".[5] Others have translated it simply as "the Lord Himself".[13] Followers of Vishnu-centeredsampradayas of Vaishnavism rarely address this term, but believe that it refers to their belief that Krishna is among the highest and fullest of all avatars and is considered to be the "paripurna Avatara", complete in all respects and the same as the original.[14] According to themKrishna is described in the Bhagavata Purana as the Purnavatara (or complete manifestation) of the Bhagavan, while other incarnations are called partial.

      [edit]Brahman

      Main article: Brahman

      The Vedantic school of Hindu philosophy also has a notion of a Supreme Cosmic Spirit called Brahman, pronounced [ˈbrəhmən]. Impersonal Brahman is impersonal aspect of Absolute Truth. As Absolute Truth is realized in three stages: as Brahman, Paramatma andBhagavan, Brahman realization is first step of transcendentalist. Path which leads to this realization is called Jnana, usually followed byShankara-Acharya mayavadi philosophers. One is advised not to go on speculating about Absolute (as it may long for millions of lifetimes), but straight to get to bhakti-yoga, as it is direct path and includes both Brahman and even Paramatma realization (attained by yogis through mystic meditation on four-handed Narayana or Vishnu on Vaikunthalokas). Even Shankaracharya himself, being greatest impersonlist confirmed this: one has to give up jnana and take to worship of Parabrahman, Govinda - that is Krishna. See also: Bhaja Govindam.

      [edit]Characteristics of God

      *

      This section does not cite any references or sources.

      Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged andremoved. (November 2009)



      One set of attributes (and their common interpretations) are:

        • Jñāna (Omniscience), defined as the power to know about all beings simultaneously;
        • Aishvarya (Sovereignty, derived from the word Ishvara), which consists in unchallenged rule over all;
        • Shakti (Energy), or power, which is the capacity to make the impossible possible;
        • Bala/Bela (Strength), which is the capacity to support everything by will and without any fatigue;
        • Vīrya (Vigor), or valour which indicates the power to retain immateriality as the supreme being in spite of being the material cause of mutable creations; and
        • Tejas (Splendor), which expresses his self-sufficiency and the capacity to overpower everything by his spiritual effulgence; (cited fromBhakti Schools of Vedanta, by Swami Tapasyānanda.)

      A second set of six characteristics are

        • Jñāna (Omniscience),
        • Vairagya (Detachment),
        • Yashas (Fame),
        • Aishvarya (Sovereignty, derived from the word Ishvara),
        • Srī (Glory) and
        • Dharma (Righteousness).
      • Other important qualities attributed to God are Gambhīrya (grandeur), Audārya (generosity), and Kārunya (compassion).


      Chanted prayers, or mantras, are central to Hindu worship. Many mantras are from the sacred Vedas, and in Sanskrit.

      [edit]Bhagavan

      Bhagavan (God) in Vedas is described as Supreme Personality of Godhead, Absolute Truth Personally: "The conception of God and the conception of Absolute Truth are not on the same level. The Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam hits on the target of the Absolute Truth. The conception ofGod indicates the controller, whereas the conception of the Absolute Truth indicates the summum bonum or the ultimate source of all energies. There is no difference of opinion about the personal feature of God as the controller because a controller cannot be impersonal. Of course modern government, especially democratic government, is impersonal to some extent, but ultimately the chief executive head is a person, and the impersonal feature of government is subordinate to the personal feature. So without a doubt whenever we refer to control over others we must admit the existence of a personal feature. Because there are different controllers for different managerial positions, there may be many small gods. According to the Bhagavad-gītā any controller who has some specific extraordinary power is called a vibhūtimat sattva, or controller empowered by the Lord. There are many vibhūtimat sattvas, controllers or gods with various specific powers, but the Absolute Truth is one without a second. This Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam designates the Absolute Truth or the summum bonum as the paraḿ satyam."[1]

      [edit]See also


      [edit]Notes

      1. ^ a b Bryant, Edwin H. (2003). Krishna: the beautiful legend of God; Śrīmad Bhāgavata Purāṇa, book X with chapters 1, 6 and 29-31 from book XI. Harmondsworth [Eng.]: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-044799-7.
      2. ^ (Gupta 2007, p.36 note 9)
      3. ^ Delmonico, N. (2004). "The History Of Indic Monotheism And Modern Chaitanya Vaishnavism". The Hare Krishna Movement: the Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant. ISBN 9780231122566. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
      4. ^ Elkman, S.M.; Gosvami, J. (1986). Jiva Gosvamin's Tattvasandarbha: A Study on the Philosophical and Sectarian Development of the Gaudiya Vaishnava Movement. Motilal Banarsidass Pub.
      5. ^ a b Dimock Jr, E.C.; Dimock, E.C. (1989). The Place of the Hidden Moon: Erotic Mysticism in the Vaisnava-Sahajiya Cult of Bengal. University Of Chicago Press. page 132
      6. ^ Kennedy, M.T. (1925). The Chaitanya Movement: A Study of the Vaishnavism of Bengal. H. Milford, Oxford university press.
      7. ^ Flood, Gavin D. (1996). An introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 341. ISBN 0-521-43878-0. Retrieved 2008-04-21."Early Vaishnava worship focuses on three deities who become fused together, namely Vasudeva-Krishna, Krishna-Gopala and Narayana, who in turn all become identified with Vishnu. Put simply, Vasudeva-Krishna and Krishna-Gopala were worshiped by groups generally referred to as Bhagavatas, while Narayana was worshipped by the Pancaratra sect."
      8. ^ Essential Hinduism S. Rosen, 2006, Greenwood Publishing Group p.124 ISBN 0275990060
      9. ^ Matchett 2000, p. 4
      10. ^ Gupta, Ravi M. (2007). Caitanya Vaisnava Vedanta of Jiva Gosvami. Routledge. ISBN 0415405483.
      11. ^ Knapp, S. (2005). The Heart of Hinduism: The Eastern Path to Freedom, Empowerment and Illumination -. iUniverse. "Krishna is the primeval Lord, the original Personality of Godhead, so He can expand Himself into unlimited forms with all potencies." page 161
      12. ^ Dr. Kim Knott, (1993). Contemporary Theological Trends In The Hare Krishna Movement: A Theology of Religions. Retrieved 2008-04-12...."Bhakti, the highest path, was that of surrender to Lord Krishna, the way of pure devotional service to the Supreme Personality of Godhead".
      13. ^ K. Klostermaier (1997). The Charles Strong Trust Lectures, 1972-1984. Crotty, Robert B.. Brill Academic Pub. p. 206. ISBN 90-04-07863-0. "For his worshippers he is not an avatara in the usual sense, but svayam bhagavan, the Lord himself." p.109 Klaus Klostermaier translates it simply as "the Lord Himself"
      14. ^ "Sapthagiri". www.tirumala.org. Retrieved 2008-05-03. Parashara Maharishi, Vyasa's father had devoted the largest Amsa (part) in Vishnu Purana to the description of Sri Krishna Avatara the Paripoorna Avatara. And according to Lord Krishna's own (instructions) upadesha, "he who knows (the secrets of) His (Krishna's) Janma (birth) and Karma (actions) will not remain in samsara (punar janma naiti- maam eti) and attain Him after leaving the mortal coil." (BG 4.9). Parasara Maharishi ends up Amsa 5 with a phalashruti in an identical vein (Vishnu Purana .5.38.94)

      [edit]References

      • Elkman, S.M.; Gosvami, J. (1986). Jiva Gosvamin's Tattvasandarbha: A Study on the Philosophical and Sectarian Development of the Gaudiya Vaisnava Movement. Motilal Banarsidass Pub.
      • Flood, G.D. (2006). The Tantric Body: The Secret Tradition of Hindu Religion. IB Tauris. ISBN 1845110129.
      • Matchett, Freda (2000). Krsna, Lord or Avatara? the relationship between Krsna and Visnu: in the context of the Avatara myth as presented by the Harivamsa, the Visnupurana and the Bhagavatapurana. Surrey: Routledge. p. 254. ISBN 0-7007-1281-X.
      • Delmonico, N. (2004). "The History Of Indic Monotheism And Modern Chaitanya Vaishnavism". The Hare Krishna Movement: the Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant. ISBN 9780231122566. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
      • Gupta, Ravi M. (2007). Caitanya Vaisnava Vedanta of Jiva Gosvami's Catursutri tika. Routledge. ISBN 0415405483.

      [edit]External links
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