TRIBALS Create all the Problems for the Ruling Hegemomy Rejecting the Exclusive Economy of Development and the FARCE of Inclusive Growth!

Fortunately, the Maharashtra OBC Communities, specifiically the Marathas and BAMCEF MULNIVASI are not Glorified with the DEGRADATION of Shivaji Maharaj while Shivsena ICON apologised first to the very BRAHAMINS who sponsered James Lane as SHAMBHAJI Brigade reacted Violently aginst the Centre of BASTARDISATION. As SC and OBC communities have launched an AGITATION , now SHIVSENA has emerged as the Saviour of the MARATHA ICON!

Indian Holocaust My Father`s Life and Time - Four Hundred Twenty THREE

Palash Biswas

http://indianholocaustmyfatherslifeandtime.blogspot.com/

TRIBALS Create all the Problems for the Ruling Hegemomy Rejecting the Exclusive Economy of Development and the FARCE of Inclusive Growth!

My great Journalist friends around complain that the Tribals and aboriginal communities are quite reluctant to be the part of the Mainstream as they are against Industrialisation, Urbanisation, Development, Infrstructure, growth, economy and so on.

One of them only yesterday evening asked my Opinion on this REALITY again and again informing me that he has read the comment in an american journal. I asked him to name the journal , he just could not remeber. By the way, he is a BRAHAMIN.When he insisted on my reply, I had to say that I think the Aryans are responsible for all the Problems that the Divided Bleeding Geopolitics Face. He said that Arayans created Indian CIVILISATION and the Non Aryans were UNCIVILISED. The Journalist is an Extreme advocate of the Developed world which is the CIVILISED world. He ia not ashamed of his hatred for the Aboriginal Black Untouchable landscpae. I must clarify that this is nothing new. Bengali Renaissance greats thinked likewise and even the Gandhian Tara shankar Bandopaddhyaya who had been Memeber of Indian Parliament, GyanPeeth Vijeta and Sahitay Academy President dealt with the Aboriginal World with this Original Arayan vengeance which is ex[pressed in Political Economy as well. I have written already about the Mainstream Brahaminical Literature representing the Human Documentation of Hatred. The Aboriginal tribes described in HANSULI Banker UPAKATA and NAHGINI Kanyar Kahinee hate Urbanisation, Technology and Industrialisation. Their association with the Nature is described as superstions, Taboos. The Imperialism worldwide had been trying to CIVILISE DEVELOP this Aboriginal Landscape worldwide for Centuries. In India, the aboriginal World had been destroyed before Western Imperialism was born. And it is glorified as VEDIC Culture which NEVER Considered the Rituals of Violence Wrong and the Tradition of Ethnic Cleansing is described as Indian Aryan Hindu Culture of Unification which means MONOPOLY and Enslavement, Denial of Human Rights.

I have been a littel Indisposed for afew days due to Diabetes and low Pressure! I ma little bit Inactive and somehow Disillusioned with Power Craving Ambedkarite Movement which does not address the Global phenomenon of Free Market Imperialism associated with Zionist Gloab Hindutva and highly deviate from Ambedkarite Ideology. I have been cancelling my tour programmes for months as the Aboriginal Humanscape in Central India and Himalayan Region are most Neglected by Ambedkarites. The SC and OBC leadership has nothing to do with the Aboriginal tribes and rather do justify the Infinite Persecution and Repression in Aboriginal Landscape. It is just because we have disassociated with our Negroid Aboriginal roots and forgot that the Converted Trabals have been made SC and OBC communities with surgical Precision with all the Magic of the Riddles in Hinduism which is nothing but Brahaminical Religion. Rather we do IDENTIFY ourselves with the Ruling Calss and seek salavation after Death and remain satisfied even being EXCLUDED likewise our aboriginal Brothers and sisters.We Never do Object against the DEMONISATION of the Aboriginal Icons and celebrate Cranivals of Brahaminical rituals of Destructions all round Invoking all the Gods and Goddesses who did Kill our Aboriginal ancestors.

Recently, Maharashtra OBC Communities are Agitated as JAMES Lane assisted by the PUNE Brahamins decalred Indigenous Identity of Chhtrapati shivaji Maharaj as DOUBTFUL and he projected a NOTORIOUS Pune Brahamin as the Biological Father of Shivaji.The Myths of hindu Cste Origin is all about such BASTRADISATION which our People accept with Glory. As in Bengal, the Matua Headquarter is trying its best to Prove Harichand Thakur a MAITHILI Brahamin and Reincarnation of Brahamin Chaitanya Mahaparbhu. Harichand Thakur is the Father of Indian Aboriginal Renaissance who led Indigo revolt and Untouchability Movement in NIETEENTH Century. He denied Brahaminical system and insttute ANTI Brahamin Matua religion. But our People feel glorified to establish his Identity Rootd in Brahamins.Sunday supplement of TMC supporter Pratidin, ROBBAR, edited by Filmmaker Rituparno Ghosh is publishing a Novel which is all about Dalit Movement led by Brahamins and the theme is about the MURDER of Chaitany Mahaprabhu in the Temple of Puri and his Reincarnation as a dalit leader of the Brahaminical Party. The writer is a well known OBC Writer RUPAK SAHA, Professionally a sports Journalist who has written a Novel on Sonagachhi Sex workers titled as LAL MATIR SWARGO.

Fortunately, the Maharashtra OBC Communities, specifiically the Marathas and BAMCEF MULNIVASI are not Glorified with the DEGRADATION of Shivaji Maharaj while Shivsena ICON apologised first to the very BRAHAMINS who sponsered James Lane as SHAMBHAJI Brigade reacted Violently aginst the Centre of BASTARDISATION. As SC and OBC communities have launched an AGITATION , now SHIVSENA has emerged as the Saviour of the MARATHA ICON!

Sc and OBC leaders are rather intereted to strike deal with the Muslim leaders as the Voting Equation demands for it. But No one is Concerned about the Plight of Muslims in India. No one speaks against Human Right Violatiions againt the Muslims and their Problems. The so called Mainstream Parties both Brahaminical and NON Brahaminical are SILENT against the Post Modern Aryan Invasion against the Non Aryan Risilient Aboriginal Tribes.

Meanwhile,the CPI on Saturday appealed to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to take steps to end the "vicious excesses" of police and security forces against the people of Bastar in Chhattisgarh "in the name of fighting Maoists".

Police forces in the name of fighting Maoists are playing havoc in the Bastar region," party General Secretary A B Bardhan said in a letter to the Prime Minister.

Charging Dantewada SSP S R P Kalluri with targeting leaders and cadres of CPI and various mass organisations, he said "this notorious police officer is intimidating and torturing innocent tribals and ultimately pushing them to the fold of the Maoists. The cruelties of the security forces are forcing the tribals to take up arms".

Maintaining that Kalluri had ordered withdrawal of security provided to CPI leader and All India Adivasi Mahasabha President Manish Kunjam, he said the officer had also got several CPI leaders and cadres arrested, accusing them of eliminating the influence of BJP and Congress and spreading the Communist party's influence in Bastar.

PUCL Bulletin, February 2003

The Adivasis of India -
A History of Discrimination, Conflict, and Resistance

-- By C.R. Bijoy, Core Committee of the All India Coordinating Forum of Adivasis/Indigenous Peoples

The 67.7 million people belonging to "Scheduled Tribes" in India are generally considered to be 'Adivasis', literally meaning 'indigenous people' or 'original inhabitants', though the term 'Scheduled Tribes' (STs) is not coterminous with the term 'Adivasis'. Scheduled Tribes is an administrative term used for purposes of 'administering' certain specific constitutional privileges, protection and benefits for specific sections of peoples considered historically disadvantaged and 'backward'.

However, this administrative term does not exactly match all the peoples called 'Adivasis'. Out of the 5653 distinct communities in India, 635 are considered to be 'tribes' or 'Adivasis'. In comparison, one finds that the estimated number of STs varies from 250 to 593.

For practical purposes, the United Nations and multilateral agencies generally consider the STs as 'indigenous peoples'. With the ST population making up 8.08% (as of 1991) of the total population of India, it is the nation with the highest concentration of 'indigenous peoples' in the world!

The Constitution of India, which came into existence on 26 January 1950, prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (Article 15) and it provides the right to equality (Article 14), to freedom of religion (Articles 25-28) and to culture and education (Articles 29-30). STs are supposedly addressed by as many as 209 Articles and 2 special schedules of the Constitution - Articles and special schedules which are protective and paternalistic.

Article 341 and 342 provides for classification of Scheduled Castes (the untouchable lower castes) and STs, while Articles 330, 332 and 334 provides for reservation of seats in Parliament and Assemblies. For purposes of specific focus on the development of STs, the government has adopted a package of programmes, which is administered in specific geographical areas with considerable ST population, and it covers 69% of the tribal population.
Despite this, and after the largest "modern democracy" of the world has existed for more than half a century, the struggles for survival of Adivasis - for livelihood and existence as peoples - have today intensified and spread as never before in history.

Over centuries, the Adivasis have evolved an intricate convivial-custodial mode of living. Adivasis belong to their territories, which are the essence of their existence; the abode of the spirits and their dead and the source of their science, technology, way of life, their religion and culture.

Back in history, the Adivasis were in effect self-governing 'first nations'. In general and in most parts of the pre-colonial period, they were notionally part of the 'unknown frontier' of the respective states where the rule of the reign in fact did not extend, and the Adivasis governed themselves outside of the influence of the particular ruler.

The introduction of the alien concept of private property began with the Permanent Settlement of the British in 1793 and the establishment of the "Zamindari" system that conferred control over vast territories, including Adivasi territories, to designated feudal lords for the purpose of revenue collection by the British. This drastically commenced the forced restructuring of the relationship of Adivasis to their territories as well as the power relationship between Adivasis and 'others'. The predominant external caste-based religion sanctioned and practiced a rigid and highly discriminatory hierarchical ordering with a strong cultural mooring.

This became the natural basis for the altered perception of Adivasis by the 'others' in determining the social, and hence, the economic and political space in the emerging larger society that is the Indian diaspora. Relegating the Adivasis to the lowest rung in the social ladder was but natural and formed the basis of social and political decision making by the largely upper caste controlled mainstream. The ancient Indian scriptures, scripted by the upper castes, also further provided legitimacy to this.

The subjugated peoples have been relegated to low status and isolated, instead of either being eliminated or absorbed. Entry of Europeans and subsequent colonisation of Asia transformed the relationship between the mainstream communities and tribal communities of this region. Introduction of capitalism, private property and the creation of a countrywide market broke the traditional economy based on use value and hereditary professions.
All tribal communities are not alike. They are products of different historical and social conditions. They belong to four different language families, and several different racial stocks and religious moulds. They have kept themselves apart from feudal states and brahminical hierarchies for thousands of years.
In the Indian epics such as Ramayana, Mahabharata and Puranas (folklores) there are many references to interactions and wars between the forest or hill tribes and the Hindus.

Eminent historians who have done detailed research on the epic Ramayana (200 B.C to 500 B.C) have concluded that 'Lanka', the kingdom of the demonic king Ravana and 'Kishkinda', the homeland of the Vanaras (depicted as monkeys) were places situated south of Chitrakuta hill and north of Narmada river in middle India. Accordingly, Ravana and his demons were an aboriginal tribe, most probably the Gond, and the Vanaras, like Hanuman in the epic, belonged to the Savara and Korku tribes whose descendants still inhabit the central Indian forest belt. Even today, the Gond holds Ravana, the villain of Ramayana, in high esteem as a chief. Rama, the hero of Ramayana, is also known for slaughtering the Rakshasas (demons) in the forests!

The epic of Mahabharata refers to the death of Krishna at the hands of a Bhil Jaratha. In the ancient scriptures, considered to be sacred by the upper castes, various terms are used depicting Adivasis as almost non-humans. The epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata, the Puranas, Samhitas and other so-called 'sacred books' refer to Adivasis as Rakshasa (demons), Vanara (monkeys), Jambuvan (boar men), Naga (serpents), Bhusundi Kaka (crow), Garuda (King of Eagles) etc. In medieval India, they were called derogatorily as Kolla, Villa, Kirata, Nishada, and those who surrendered or were subjugated were termed as Dasa (slave) and those who refused to accept the bondage of slavery were termed as Dasyu (a hostile robber).

Ekalavya, one of their archers was so skillful that the hero of the Aryans, Arjuna, could not stand before him. But they assaulted him, cutting his thumb and destroying his ability to fight - and then fashioned a story in which he accepted Drona as his Guru and surrendered his thumb as an offering to the master! The renowned writer Maheshwata Devi points out that Adivasis predated Hinduism and Aryanism, that Siva was not an Aryan god and that in the 8th century, the tribal forest goddess or harvest goddess was absorbed and adapted as Siva's wife. Goddess Kali, the goddess of hunters, has definitely had a tribal origin.

History of the Adivasis
Little is known about the relationship between the Adivasis and non-Adivasi communities during the Hindu and Muslim rules. There are stray references to wars and alliances between the Rajput kings and tribal chieftains in middle India and in the North-East between the Ahom Kings of Brahmaputra valley and the hill Nagas. They are considered to be ati-sudra meaning lower than the untouchable castes. Even today, the upper caste people refer to these peoples as jangli, a derogatory term meaning "those who are like wild animals" - uncivilised or sub-humans.

The Adivasis have few food taboos, rather fluid cultural practices and minimal occupational specialization, while on the other hand, the mainstream population of the plains have extensive food taboos, more rigid cultural practices and considerable caste-based occupational specialisation. In the Hindu caste system, the Adivasis have no place. The so-called mainstream society of India has evolved as an agglomeration of thousands of small-scale social groups whose identities within the larger society are preserved by not allowing them to marry outside their social groups.

The subjugated groups became castes forced to perform less desirable menial jobs like sweeping, cleaning of excreta, removal of dead bodies, leather works etc - the untouchables. Some of the earliest small-scale societies dependent on hunting and gathering, and traditional agriculture seem to have remained outside this process of agglomeration. These are the Adivasis of present day. Their autonomous existence outside the mainstream led to the preservation of their socio-religious and cultural practices, most of them retaining also their distinctive languages. Widow burning, enslavement, occupational differentiation, hierarchical social ordering etc are generally not there. Though there were trade between the Adivasis and the mainstream society, any form of social intercourse was discouraged. Caste India did not consciously attempt to draw them into the orbit of caste society.

But in the process of economic, cultural and ecological change, Adivasis have attached themselves to caste groups in a peripheral manner, and the process of de-tribalisation is a continuous one. Many of the Hindu communities have absorbed the cultural practices of the Adivasis. Although Hinduism could be seen as one unifying thread running through the country as a whole, it is not homogenous but in reality a conglomeration of centuries old traditions and shaped by several religious and social traditions which are more cultural in their essence (and including elements of Adivasi socio-religious culture).

Adivasis at the lowest rung of the ladder
Adivasis are not, as a general rule, regarded as unclean by caste Hindus in the same way as Dalits are. But they continue to face prejudice (as lesser humans), they are socially distanced and often face violence from society. They are at the lowest point in every socioeconomic indicator. Today the majority of the population regards them as primitive and aims at decimating them as peoples or at best integrating them with the mainstream at the lowest rung in the ladder. This is especially so with the rise of the fascist Hindutva forces.

None of the brave Adivasi fights against the British have been treated as part of the "national" struggle for independence. From the Malpahariya uprising in 1772 to Lakshman Naik's revolt in Orissa in 1942, the Adivasis repeatedly rebelled against the British in the north-eastern, eastern and central Indian belt. In many of the rebellions, the Adivasis could not be subdued, but terminated the struggle only because the British acceded to their immediate demands, as in the case of the Bhil revolt of 1809 and the Naik revolt of 1838 in Gujarat. Heroes like Birsa Munda, Kanhu Santhal, Khazya Naik, Tantya Bhil, Lakshman Naik, Kuvar Vasava, Rupa Naik, Thamal Dora, Ambul Reddi, Thalakkal Chandu etc are remembered in the songs and stories of the Adivasis but ignored in the official text books.

The British Crown's dominions in India consisted of four political arrangements:

the Presidency Areas where the Crown was supreme,
the Residency Areas where the British Crown was present through the Resident and the Ruler of the realm was subservient to the Crown,
the Agency (Tribal) areas where the Agent governed in the name of the Crown but left the local self-governing institutions untouched and
the Excluded Areas (north-east) where the representatives of the Crown were a figure head.

After the transfer of power, the rulers of the Residency Areas signed the "Deed of Accession" on behalf of the ruled on exchange they were offered privy purse. No deed was however signed with most of the independent Adivasi states. They were assumed to have joined the Union. The government rode rough shod on independent Adivasi nations and they were merged with the Indian Union. This happened even by means of state violence as in the case of Adivasi uprising in the Nizam's State of Hyderabad and Nagalim.

While this aspect did not enter the consciousness of the Adivasis at large in the central part of India where they were preoccupied with their own survival, the picture was different in the north-east because of the historic and material conditions. Historically the north-east was never a part of mainland India. The colonial incorporation of north-east took place much later than the rest of the Indian subcontinent. While Assam ruled by the Ahoms came under the control of British in 1826, neighbouring Bengal was annexed in 1765. Garo Hills were annexed in 1873, Naga Hills in 1879 and Mizoram under the Chin-Lushai Expeditions in 1881-90. Consequently, the struggles for self-determination took various forms as independence to greater autonomy.

A process of marginalization today, the total forest cover in India is reported to be 765.21 thousand sq. kms. of which 71% are Adivasi areas. Of these 416.52 and 223.30 thousand sq. kms. are categorised as reserved and protected forests respectively. About 23% of these are further declared as Wild Life Sanctuaries and National Parks which alone has displaced some half a million Adivasis. By the process of colonisation of the forests that began formally with the Forest Act of 1864 and finally the Indian Forest Act of 1927, the rights of Adivasis were reduced to mere privileges conferred by the state.

This was in acknowledgement of their dependence on the forests for survival and it was politically forced upon the rulers by the glorious struggles that the Adivasis waged persistently against the British. The Forest Policy of 1952, the Wild Life Protection Act of 1972 and the Forest Conservation Act of 1980 downgraded these privileges of the peoples to concessions of the state in the post-colonial period.

With globalisation, there are now further attempts to change these paternalistic concessions to being excluded as indicated by the draft "Conservation of Forests and Natural Ecosystems Act" that is to replace the forest act and the amendments proposed to the Land Acquisition Act and Schedule V of the constitution. In 1991, 23.03% of STs were literate as against 42.83% among the general population. The Government's Eighth Plan document mentions that nearly 52% of STs live below the poverty line as against 30% of the general population.

In a study on Kerala, a state considered to be unique for having developed a more egalitarian society with a high quality of life index comparable to that of only the 'developed' countries, paradoxically shows that for STs the below poverty line population was 64.5% while for Scheduled Castes it was 47% and others 41%. About 95% of Adivasis live in rural areas, less than 10% are itinerant hunter-gatherers but more than half depend upon forest produce. Very commonly, police, forest guards and officials bully and intimidate Adivasis and large numbers are routinely arrested and jailed, often for petty offences.
Only a few Adivasi communities which are forest dwellers have not been displaced and continue to live in forests, away from the mainstream development activities, such as in parts of Bastar in Madhya Pradesh, Koraput, Phulbani and Mayurbanj in Orissa and of Andaman Islands.

Thousands of Korku children below the age of six died in the 1990s due to malnutrition and starvation in the Melghat Tiger Reserve of Maharashtra due to the denial of access to their life sustaining resource base. Adivasis of Kalahandi-Bolangir in Orissa and of Palamu in south Bihar have reported severe food shortage. According to the Central Planning Committee of the Government of India, nearly 41 districts with significant Adivasi populations are prone to deaths due to starvation, which are not normally reported as such.
Invasion of Adivasi territories The "Land Acquisition Act" of 1894 concretised the supremacy of the sovereign to allow for total colonisation of any territory in the name of 'public interest' which in most cases are not community notions of common good. This is so especially for the Adivasis. The colonial juristic concept of res nullius (that which has not been conferred by the sovereign belongs to the sovereign) and terra nullius (land that belongs to none) bulldozed traditional political and social entities beginning the wanton destruction of traditional forms of self-governance.

The invasion of Adivasi territories, which for the most part commenced during the colonial period, intensified in the post-colonial period. Most of the Adivasi territories were claimed by the state. Over 10 million Adivasis have been displaced to make way for development projects such as dams, mining, industries, roads, protected areas etc. Though most of the dams (over 3000) are located in Adivasi areas, only 19.9% (1980-81) of Adivasi land holdings are irrigated as compared to 45.9% of all holdings of the general population. India produces as many as 52 principal, 3 fuel, 11 metallic, 38 non-metallic and a number of minor minerals.

Of these 45 major minerals (coal, iron ore, magnetite, manganese, bauxite, graphite, limestone, dolomite, uranium etc) are found in Adivasi areas contributing some 56% of the national total mineral earnings in terms of value. Of the 4,175 working mines reported by the Indian Bureau of Mines in 1991-92, approximately 3500 could be assumed to be in Adivasi areas. Income to the government from forests rose from Rs.5.6 million in 1869-70 to more than Rs.13 billions in the 1970s. The bulk of the nation's productive wealth lay in the Adivasi territories. Yet the Adivasi has been driven out, marginalised and robbed of dignity by the very process of 'national development'.

The systematic opening up of Adivasi territories, the development projects and the 'tribal development projects' make them conducive for waves of immigrants. In the rich mineral belt of Jharkhand, the Adivasi population has dropped from around 60% in 1911 to 27.67% in 1991. These developments have in turn driven out vast numbers of Adivasis to eke out a living in the urban areas and in far-flung places in slums. According to a rough estimate, there are more than 40,000 tribal domestic working women in Delhi alone! In some places, development induced migration of Adivasis to other Adivasi areas has also led to fierce conflicts as between the Santhali and the Bodo in Assam.

Internal colonialism Constitutional privileges and welfare measures benefit only a small minority of the Adivasis. These privileges and welfare measures are denied to the majority of the Adivasis and they are appropriated by more powerful groups in the caste order. The steep increase of STs in Maharashtra in real terms by 148% in the two decades since 1971 is mainly due to questionable inclusion, for political gains, of a number of economically advanced groups among the backwards in the list of STs.

The increase in numbers, while it distorts the demographic picture, has more disastrous effects. The real tribes are irretrievably pushed down in the 'access or claim ladder' with these new entrants cornering the lion's share of both resources and opportunities for education, social and economic advancement.
Despite the Bonded Labour Abolition Act of 1976, Adivasis still form a substantial percentage of bonded labour in the country.

Despite positive political, institutional and financial commitment to tribal development, there is presently a large scale displacement and biological decline of Adivasi communities, a growing loss of genetic and cultural diversity and destruction of a rich resource base leading to rising trends of shrinking forests, crumbling fisheries, increasing unemployment, hunger and conflicts. The Adivasis have preserved 90% of the country's bio-cultural diversity protecting the polyvalent, precolonial, biodiversity friendly Indian identity from bio-cultural pathogens. Excessive and indiscriminate demands of the urban market have reduced Adivasis to raw material collectors and providers.

It is a cruel joke that people who can produce some of India's most exquisite handicrafts, who can distinguish hundreds of species of plants and animals, who can survive off the forests, the lands and the streams sustainably with no need to go to the market to buy food, are labeled as 'unskilled'. Equally critical are the paths of resistance that many Adivasi areas are displaying: Koel Karo, Bodh Ghat, Inchampalli, Bhopalpatnam, Rathong Chu ... big dams that were proposed by the enlightened planners and which were halted by the mass movements.

Such a situation has risen because of the discriminatory and predatory approach of the mainstream society on Adivasis and their territories. The moral legitimacy for the process of internal colonisation of Adivasi territories and the deliberate disregard and violations of constitutional protection of STs has its basis in the culturally ingrained hierarchical caste social order and consciousness that pervades the entire politico-administrative and judicial system. This pervasive mindset is also a historical construct that got reinforced during colonial and post-colonial India.

The term 'Criminal Tribe' was concocted by the British rulers and entered into the public vocabulary through the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871 under which a list of some 150 communities including Adivasis, were mischievously declared as (naturally) 'criminal'. Though this shameful act itself was repealed in 1952, the specter of the so-called 'criminal tribes' continue to haunt these 'denotified tribes' - the Sansi, Pardhi, Kanjar, Gujjar, Bawaria, Banjara and others. They are considered as the first natural suspects of all petty and sundry crimes except that they are now hauled up under the Habitual Offenders Act that replaced the British Act! Stereotyping of numerous communities has reinforced past discriminatory attitudes of the dominant mainstream in an institutionalised form.

There is a whole history of legislation, both during the pre-independence as well as post-independence period, which was supposed to protect the rights of the Adivasis. As early as 1879, the "Bombay Province Land Revenue Code" prohibited transfer of land from a tribal to a non-tribal without the permission of the authorities. The 1908 "Chotanagpur Tenancy Act" in Bihar, the 1949 "Santhal Pargana Tenancy (Supplementary) Act", the 1969 "Bihar Scheduled Areas Regulations", the 1955 "Rajasthan Tenancy Act" as amended in 1956, the 1959 "MPLP Code of Madhya Pradesh", the 1959 "Andhra Pradesh Scheduled Areas Land Transfer Regulation" and amendment of 1970, the 1960 "Tripura Land Revenue Regulation Act", the 1970 "Assam Land and Revenue Act", the 1975 "Kerala Scheduled Tribes (Restriction of Transfer of Lands and Restoration of Alienated Lands) Act" etc. are state legislations to protect Adivasi land rights.
In Andhra for example, enquiries on land transfer violations were made in 57,150 cases involving 245,581 acres of land, but only about 28% of lands were restored despite persistent militant struggles. While in the case of Kerala, out of a total claim for 9909.4522 hectares made by 8754 applicants, only 5.5% of the claims have been restored. And this is happening in spite of favourable judicial orders - orders which the state governments are circumventing by attempting to dismantle the very protective legislation itself.

The callous and casual manner with which mainstream India approaches the fulfillment of the constitutional obligations with reference to the tribes, and the persistent attempts by the politico-administrative system to subvert the constitution by deliberate acts of omission and commission, and the enormous judicial tolerance towards this speak volumes on the discriminatory approach that permeates the society with regard to the legal rights of the Adivasis.

Race, religion and language
The absence of neat classifications of Adivasis as a homogenous social-cultural category and the intensely fluid nature of non-Adivasis are evident in the insuperable difficulty in arriving at a clear anthropological definition of a tribal in India, be it in terms of ethnicity, race, language, social forms or modes of livelihood.

The major waves of ingress into India divide the tribal communities into Veddids, similar to the Australian aborigines, and the Paleamongoloid Austro-Asiatic from the north-east. The third were the Greco-Indians who spread across Gujarat, Rajasthan and Pakistan from Central Asia. The fourth is the Negrito group of the Andaman Islands - the Great Andamanese, the Onge, the Jarawa and the Sentinelese who flourished in these parts for some 20,000 years but who could well become extinct soon. The Great Andamanese have been wiped out as a viable community with about only 30 persons alive as are the Onges who are less than a 100.

In the mid-Indian region, the Gond who number over 5 million, are the descendants of the dark skinned Kolarian or Dravidian tribes and speak dialects of Austric language family as are the Santhal who number 4 million. The Negrito and Austroloid people belong to the Mundari family of Munda, Santhal, Ho, Ashur, Kharia, Paniya, Saora etc. The Dravidian groups include the Gond, Oraon, Khond, Malto, Bhil, Mina, Garasia, Pradhan etc. and speak Austric or Dravidian family of languages. The Gujjar and Bakarwal descend from the Greco Indians and are interrelated with the Gujjar of Gujarat and the tribes settled around Gujranwala in Pakistan.

There are some 200 indigenous peoples in the north-east. The Boro, Khasi, Jantia, Naga, Garo and Tripiri belong to the Mongoloid stock like the Naga, Mikir, Apatani, Boro, Khasi, Garo, Kuki, Karbi etc. and speak languages of the Tibeto-Burman language groups and the Mon Khmer. The Adi, Aka, Apatani, Dafla, Gallong, Khamti, Monpa, Nocte, Sherdukpen, Singpho, Tangsa, Wancho etc of Arunachal Pradesh and the Garo of Meghalaya are of Tibeto-Burman stock while the Khasi of Meghalaya belong to the Mon Khmer group. In the southern region, the Malayali, Irula, Paniya, Adiya, Sholaga, Kurumba etc belong to the proto-Australoid racial stock speaking dialects of the Dravidian family.

The Census of India 1991 records 63 different denominations as "other" of over 5.7 million people of which most are Adivasi religions. Though the Constitution recognises them as a distinct cultural group, yet when it comes to religion those who do not identify as Christians, Muslims or Buddhists are compelled to register themselves as Hindus. Hindus and Christians have interacted with Adivasis to civilize them, which has been defined as sanscritisation and westernisation. However, as reflected during the 1981 census it is significant that about 5% of the Adivasis registered their religion by the names of their respective tribes or the names adopted by them. In 1991 the corresponding figure rose to about 10% indicating the rising consciousness and assertion of identity!

Though Article 350A of the Constitution requires primary education to be imparted in mother tongue, in general this has not been imparted except in areas where the Adivasis have been assertive. NCERT, the state owned premier education research centre has not shown any interest. With the neglect of Adivasi languages, the State and the dominant social order aspire to culturally and socially emasculate the Adivasis subdued by the dominant cultures. The Anthropological Survey of India reported a loss of more than two-thirds of the spoken languages, most of them tribal.

Fragmentation Some of the ST peoples of Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, W. Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram have their counterparts across the border in China (including Tibet), Bhutan, Myanmar and Bangladesh. The political aspirations of these trans-border tribes who find themselves living in different countries as a result of artificial demarcation of boundaries by erstwhile colonial rulers continue to be ignored despite the spread and proliferation of militancy, especially in the north east, making it into a conflict zone.

The Adivasi territories have been divided amongst the states formed on the basis of primarily the languages of the mainstream caste society, ignoring the validity of applying the same principle of language for the Adivasis in the formation of states. Jharkhand has been divided amongst Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa though the Bihar part of Jharkhand has now become a separate state after decades of struggle. The Gond region has been divided amongst Orissa, Andhra, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. Similarly the Bhil region has been divided amongst Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan.

In the north-east, for example, the Naga in addition are divided into Nagaland, Manipur, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Further administrative sub-divisions within the states into districts, talukas and panchayats have been organised in such a way that the tribal concentration is broken up which furthers their marginalisation both physically and politically.

The 1874 "Scheduled District Act", the 1919 "Government of India Act" and later the "Government of India Act" of 1935 classified the hill areas as excluded and partially excluded areas where the provincial legislature had no jurisdiction. These formed the basis for the Article 244 under which two separate schedules viz. the V Schedule and the VI Schedule were incorporated for provision of a certain degree of self-governance in designated tribal majority areas. However, in effect this remained a non-starter. However, the recent legislation of the Panchayat Raj (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act of 1996 has raised hope of a radical redefinition of self-governance.

By not applying the same yard stick and norms for Adivasis as for the upper caste dominated mainstream, by not genuinely recognizing the Adivasis' traditional self-governing systems and by not being serious about devolving autonomy, the Indian State and society indicates a racist and imperialist attitude.
The call for a socially homogenous country, particularly in the Hindi Hindu paradigm have suppressed tribal languages, defiled cultures and destroyed civilisations.

The creation of a unified albeit centralised polity and the extension of the formal system of governance have emasculated the self-governing institutions of the Adivasis and with it their internal cohesiveness.

The struggle for the future, the conceptual vocabulary used to understand the place of Adivasis in the modern world has been constructed on the feudal, colonial and imperialistic notions which combines traditional and historical constructs with the modern construct based on notions of linear scientific and technological progress.

Historically the Adivasis, as explained earlier, are at best perceived as sub-humans to be kept in isolation, or as 'primitives' living in remote and backward regions who should be "civilized". None of them have a rational basis. Consequently, the official and popular perception of Adivasis is merely that of isolation in forest, tribal dialect, animism, primitive occupation, carnivorous diet, naked or semi-naked, nomadic habits, love, drink and dance. Contrast this with the self-perception of Adivasis as casteless, classless and egalitarian in nature, community-based economic systems, symbiotic with nature, democratic according to the demands of the times, accommodative history and people-oriented art and literature.

The significance of their sustainable subsistence economy in the midst of a profit oriented economy is not recognised in the political discourse, and the negative stereotyping of the sustainable subsistence economy of Adivasi societies is based on the wrong premise that the production of surplus is more progressive than the process of social reproduction in co-existence with nature.

The source of the conflicts arises from these unresolved contradictions. With globalisation, the hitherto expropriation of rights as an outcome of development has developed into expropriation of rights as a precondition for development. In response, the struggles for the rights of the Adivasis have moved towards the struggles for power and a redefinition of the contours of state, governance and progress.

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BJP favours granting citizenship to Hindus, Sikhs from Pak

ALANDHAR: The BJP has demanded that the government grant citizenship to Hindus and Sikhs from Pakistan who have fled to India after facing harassment there.

"Every person who wishes to return to our country, should be granted citizenship, irrespective of the community he or she belongs to," BJP MP Navjot Singh Sidhu said here. He was asked about the demand of Hindu and Sikh families from Pakistan, who have been residing here for over a decade, that they be given Indian citizenship.

"It is my stand and also of my party that they should be granted citizenship," he said, adding there was a need to expedite the process of granting citizenship.

Nearly 200 such families are residing in Jalandhar. The Punjab BJP had set up a committee to study problems of Hindu families which have settled in the state after being driven out of Pakistan.

The three-member committee is headed by Rajya Sabha MP Avinash Rai Khanna who has demanded that the government provide an assistance Rs 4,000 per month to each of these displaces families.

Bumper crop may prompt duty on wheat

17 Jul 2010, 0111 hrs IST,ET Bureau
NEW DELHI: The government could impose duty to discourage cheap wheat imports following a bumper crop and overflowing godowns and could also allow export of some varieties of non-basmati rice.

An empowered group of ministers, or EGoM, will take up the issue late next week. The food ministry has proposed an import tax of 40% on wheat.

"We will review in the next EGoM meet on whether or not to impose tax on wheat imports, and will discuss allowing export of some particular varieties of non-basmati rice," food minister Sharad Pawar said on Friday.

There has been pressure over the last several months on traders from Kerala and Tamil Nadu that the government relax the export ban on matta and ponni varieties, both of which are consumed by expat Indians in the West Asia region and other parts.

The ban on non-basmati rice exports was imposed in April 2008 to cool down food inflation.

Speaking at an award function of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Mr Pawar indicated that the price of wheat sold in the open market, or open market sale scheme (OMSS), by the government could be slashed further to encourage speedier offtake by states and freeing up of storage space.

White paper on public debt in a month

17 Jul 2010, 0100 hrs IST,ET Bureau
NEW DELHI: The government will, for the first time, unveil a white paper on country's public debt in a month, chief economic advisor to the finance ministry Kaushik Basu said.

The white paper will present the government's total public debt in a transparent manner and outline a road map for its reduction, a promise made by the government in the budget for 2010-11. "The white paper is much on schedule," he said.

"As part of the fiscal consolidation process, it would be for the first time that the government would target an explicit reduction in its domestic public debt-GDP ratio," finance minister Pranab Mukherjee had assured the Parliament while presenting the budget for 2010-11.

The assurance followed the 13th Finance Commission recommendation that the combined debt of the Centre and the states be capped at 68% of the GDP by 2014-15 as part of the fiscal consolidation road map suggested by it.

"I intend to bring out, within six months, a status paper giving a detailed analysis of the situation and a road map for curtailing the overall public debt. This would be followed by an annual report on the subject," the finance minister had said.

The fiscal consolidation path, as prescribed by the 13th Finance Commission, embodies steady reduction in the Centre's debt to 45% of GDP and that of states to less than 25% GDP by 2014-15. The commission's report had projected the Centre's debt at 54.2% of the GDP at the end of 2009-10.

Monsoon deficit up 24%, dry spell seen

16 Jul 2010, 0514 hrs IST,ET Bureau
NEW DELHI: The met department does not expect a significant resurgence in the monsoon next week, potentially damaging the sowing of soyabean and paddy and forcing farmers to replant.

"It will not be a major revival next week," said BP Yadav, director and spokesman at the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The IMD had earlier forecast that rainfall in July would recover to 98% of normal in July after falling 16% short of average last month.

The met's new forecast casts a shadow over crucial kharif crops such as soybean, rice, cotton, sugarcane and corn, over which there are already worries. Likewise, the situation has turned grim for sugarcane too because July is a key sowing month.

The forecast of dry spell comes on the back of rainfall deficit rising to 24% last week. A good monsoon raised the prospect of sustaining the moderation in food inflation for two weeks. But excess rainfall has so far only been registered in the southern meteorological region.

That is bad news on the price front because the annual rate of inflation is stubbornly ensconced above 10% for five months even without the full impact of a recent fuel price rise.

The rain deficit has been the highest in the east and central regions while it has been noticeably lesser in the north and north-western regions. Rainfall in the soybean-growing central state of Madhya Pradesh was barely a third of normal in a week.

"There is still good moisture in soil. But if it does not rain after 7-10 days, then re-planting has to be initiated and initial growth would be retarded," a Soyabean Processors' Association official was quoted by agencies as saying.

IMD officials also maintained that the rain distribution had been fairly well-spread, boosting soil moisture in the first half of July. Analysts expect this to help even if total rainfall is 24% below normal.

Economy will return to a high growth trajectory in FY11: Basu

17 Jul 2010, 0056 hrs IST,ET Bureau
NEW DELHI: A day after China reported a moderation in economic growth, a key finance ministry official said the Indian economy would return to a high growth trajectory in 2010-11, with the first quarter likely to expand at around 9%.

Chief economic advisor to the finance ministry Kaushik Basu also expects food prices to further ease by the end of the month and wholesale price based inflation fall to 5% by March next year.

"Right now I believe growth will be faster than 8.5% this fiscal. In the first quarter it may well be around 9%," said Mr Basu on Friday.

This would be the fastest growth registered by the Indian economy in nearly a year, even better than the 8.6% growth clocked in the last quarter of 2009-10.

The government had earlier projected that the economy would grow by 8.5% in the current fiscal, up from 7.4% in 2009-10. But the International Monetary Fund last week revised the country's GDP growth estimate to as high as 9.5%, from its earlier projection of 8.8% in 2010.

Though the finance ministry is yet to formally revise its forecast, it is confident that the high industrial output will improve the overall economic performance. "The most recent IIP growth figure for May shows an annual growth rate of 11.5%. Within this, capital goods and consumer durables are growing particularly fast. Since these items tend to capture the moods of corporations and consumers, the optimism in these figures speaks well for India's overall growth prospects in the medium to long term," Mr Basu said.

Despite the uptick in economic activities, he cautioned against an abrupt withdrawal from the stimulus, as the world economy is yet to fully recover from the financial crisis of 2008.

The RBI is expected to raise rates, for a second time this month, in its policy review on July 27, in a bid to control inflation. But Mr Basu said any monetary tightening pushes up unemployment. "Sucking out money from the system may curb inflation but hurt growth," he said.

"It is reasonable to predict that food price inflation that will be announced on July 29 will be substantially lower that what it is right now," he said.

Food price inflation inched up to 12.81% for the week ended July 3. Overall inflation for June stood at a higher 10.55%, as against 10.16% in May. Inflation in non-food items continues to be high at 8.6% in June.

Mr Basu said the immediate upward pressure on prices from petrol decontrol has already partly got registered in the June inflation figures, while the rest will be visible in the July data. However, in the long run, a decontrol in fuel prices will be less inflationary, he argued, as it will bring down the government's subsidy burden and trim the deficit.

The Centre's deficit is likely to be lower in the current fiscal, he said, due to the windfall from 3G spectrum auction. "We will not only achieve but probably beat the fiscal and revenue deficit targets for the year." For 2010-11, the Centre's fiscal deficit is budgeted at 5.5% of the GDP, while the revenue deficit is targeted at 4% of the GDP.

Markets ruled firm on FII buying last week; Sensex up 122 pts

MUMBAI: Markets continued to rule firm for the second consecutive week as the BSE benchmark Sensex rallied by another 122 points on stock-specific buying following strong Q1 results and sustained capital inflow from foreign funds.

The Sensex advanced in three out of the five trading sessions boosted by market regulator Sebi's decision to allow physical settlement of stock derivatives.

India's largest realty firm by market capitalisation, DLF, was the biggest Sensex gainer. DLF stocks rose 8.10 per cent to Rs 319.65. Realty shares were in demand on speculation that the government will soon announce a hike in foreign direct investment (FDI) in the real estate sector.

India's largest truck maker by sales, Tata Motors, was the second biggest Sensex gainer. The stock rose 7.92 per cent to Rs 831.6 after its global vehicles sales shot up 46 per cent to 91,608 units in June 2010 over the same month last year.

TCS reported a better-than-expected 24.25 per cent rise in net profit in June quarter.

The 50-issue Nifty of the National Stock Exchange (NSE) crossed the 5,400-mark after 29 months, while the 30-share Sensex scaled the 18,000-level during the week for the first time in three months.

The gains were somewhat pared by a less-than-expected industrial production data for May 2010.

The NSE Nifty ended at 5,393.90 points after touching a high of 5,453.45, a level not seen since February 6, 2008, when it had hit the 5,470.40 level. It had ended at 5,483.90 on February 5, 2008.

The BSE barometer ended higher by 122.28 points, or 0.69 per cent, to 17,955.82 from its last weekend's close.

Among the major indices, the BSE-Realty shot up by 197.17 points, or 6.04 per cent, BSE-CD by 195.24 points, or 3.91 per cent, the Bankex by 335.05 points, or 3.03 per cent, and the BSE-CG gained 357.69 points, or 2.44 per cent.

Small-cap and Mid-cap indices rose 172.83 and 80.63 points, or 1.86 per cent and 1.10 per cent, respectively.

Among other gainers ICICI Bank gained 3.54 per cent, State Bank of India 3.05 per cent, Jaiprakash Associates 3.98 per cent, L&T 2.84 per cent and Tata Steel was up 2.68 per cent.

SEBI panel wants open offer trigger set at 25%

17 Jul 2010, 1413 hrs IST,Ashwin J Punnen & Reena Zachariah,ET Bureau

MUMBAI: Company takeover rules in India are set to get egalitarian and move closer to global practices, if the market regulator accepts the suggestions of a panel it constituted. ( Watch

Prohibit James Lane from entering in India - CM demands

July 19, 2007

Updates:

Mumbai (Maharashtra): People of Maharashtra are incensed with James Lane, author of the book that has controversial and offensive matter about Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. A demand was made by Shri. Nitin Gadkari, a leader of BJP in the Legislative Council to prohibit James Lane from visiting Maharashtra. His demand was agreed to by the Chief Minister who promised that he would write to the External Affairs Ministry in the matter. Smt. Nilam Gorhe had earlier pointed out that James Lane was interested in paying a visit to Maharashtra.
In the question and answer session, in LC, S/Shri. Sanjay Datta, Govindrao Adik, Dhanaji Sadh, Nitin Gadkari, Pandurang Fudkar had first raised the question. Shri. Sanjay Dutta who was presenting the question duing the session but was stopped in the middle by Shri. Diwakar Raote, the senior MLA of Shiv Sena. He informed Shri. Dutta about the ban on notebooks with pictures of Shivaji Maharaj in Kerala. Shri. Rajendra Shingane, the General Administration Minister of the State said in his reply that it is partly true that book written by James Lane has created furors among the people of Maharashtra.Although Mumbai High Court has lifted the ban on book written by James Lane, Maharsahtra Government approached the Supreme Court and has obtained a 'stay order' on sale of the book. He also said that the Government is making efforts to continue the ban.

James Lain's book not for sale : Balasaheb Mohite-Patil

May 5, 2007

Parbhani: Shri. Balasaheb Mohite-Patil, President of the all India Maratha Mahasangh (Marathwada Region) warned that if someone tries to rub salt on the wounds by selling the book by James Laine, such person will not be spared. He was giving his views on the ban lifted by the Mumbai High Court on the book, "Shivaji: the Hindu King in Islamic India" authored by James Laine.
He said further that Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is the pride of Hindus. The verdict has gone against us because the State Govt. has failed to properly present its case in the Court. But the book should not be sold in the market. This is a matter related to social and religious issue. Insult meted out to Rajmata Jijau and Chhatrapati Shivaji by presenting untrue incidents is an insult to the true history and will not be tolerated by 'all India Chhava Sanghatana, Maratha Mahasangh and Warkari Mahamandal'. Hindus are very discontented due to such slanderous matter written about their national leader. James Laine should be put behind bars as a traitor.
Shri. Subhash Javale-Patil, a senior leader of Chhava said that people of Maharashtra will not tolerate such mockery of history. Such mockery of history can have adverse effects on the people. Wrong information and message reaching people has to be stopped. History should depict the true picture. So far, the Govt. has been very firm on the issue. The Court should re-examine the facts and bring a ban on the said book.
(Congratulations to the Hindu organizations for promptly registering their protests against the attacks on national heroes. If Hindus always remain alert, the religious lassitude can be easily removed - Editor)
Source: Daily Sanatan Prabhat
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> Defamations: Abuse on Hinduism

» Shiv Sena targets cyber cafe to protest Orkut
» HJS protest: IBN-7 declares to remove the denigrating advt
» Arrest warrant against Dera chief!
» Anti-Hindus desecrate statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj

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State to seek extradition of 'Shivaji' author

TNN, Mar 23, 2004, 02.03am IST
MUMBAI: The controversy over American scholar James Laine's book Shivaji: Hindu king in Islamic India took a new turn on Monday with Maharashtra's home minister and state NCP president R R Patil deciding to seek Interpol's help in arresting and bringing the author to Mumbai.

The book is alleged to contain derogatory references to Chhatrapati Shivaji and his mother Jijamata.

Patil told newspersons that the state government would urge the CBI to seek Interpol's assistance in bringing the Texas-based scholar to Mumbai for prosecution.

Simultaneously, the state police will also try to ascertain the people whom Laine met in India to gather material for his book, which is now banned in Maharashtra.

Patil also criticised Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee for not apologising for his earlier opposition to the ban on the tome.

While addressing an election rally in Beed, Marathwada, on Saturday, Vajpayee had, however, revised his stand and endorsed the DF government's ban on the book.

He did not, however, apologise for his earlier stand, as demanded by the NCP.

The state BJP has accused the NCP of fanning passions over this sensitive issue on the eve of elections "so that people's attention could be diverted from the serious issues confronting the state".

Maharashtra BJP general secretary Vinod Tawde said in a statement that Patil should do some introspection before criticising the PM.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/576118.cms

Shiv Sena activists held for vandalising news channel office

KOLHAPUR (Maharashtra): A Shiv Sena legislator and eight party workers were arrested on Saturday on charges of vandalising the office here of a news channel and assaulting a Kannada leader, police said.

Legislator Rajesh Kshirsagar and his party workers on Friday ransacked the office of Zee 24 Taas, a Marathi news channel. They also assaulted Kannada Rakshana Vedika leader Syed Mansoor.

"We have arrested Kshirsagar and eight workers of Shiv Sena for vandalising and destroying private property of the news channel and assaulting a person," senior police inspector Gyaneshwar Munde said.

The mob was angry about a live show on the channel on the Maharashtra-Karnataka border issue. They shouted slogans against the channel for inviting guest speakers from Karnataka and also damaged Mansoor's vehicle.

"All nine have been presented in the local court," Munde said.

Maoist copter price

SUJAN DUTTA

New Delhi, July 16: The UN has informed India that it will have to bear the cost of withdrawing its air force contingent and helicopters from Africa for counter-Naxalite duties if it wants to pull out immediately, a senior officer told The Telegraph.

This is likely to delay the withdrawal of the Indian Air Force with its helicopters from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan up to the middle of next year, unless the government decides that the demands of internal security are so pressing that it can risk its commitment to the UN and foot the cost of the pullout that will run into millions of dollars.

India deploys its military for UN duties not only to enhance its international prestige — and buttress its claim for a permanent seat in the Security Council — but also so that its soldiers may earn handsome amounts in dollars for short-term duties that could take them years to earn in the country.

A pullout immediately will mean not only not getting paid by the UN — whose dues to India run into millions of dollars — but also losing precious foreign exchange.

India committed its air force contingent, which includes the air force special forces called the Garud, and 25 helicopters because no other country was ready to meet the force requirement projected by the UN Department of Peace Keeping Operations (UNDPKO) for its mandates in Congo and Sudan.

But after Naxalite-hit states mounted pressure on the Centre to deploy greater numbers of helicopters for troop transportation, surveillance and casualty evacuation and the Union home ministry asked the defence establishment for assistance, the IAF sought permission to withdraw its helicopters.

The UNDPKO has informed India that in its "Letters of Assist" for the missions in Congo and Sudan, India had committed the Mi-17 multi-utility helicopters and the Mi-35 gunships for specific periods up to the middle of 2011.

The IAF contingent with its assets were transported to the operational areas in Africa at UN cost. But if the IAF has to pull out now, it will have to pay the cost of the pullout and cannot ask for UN subsidies.

Flagging off another contingent that is replacing the troops in Congo on Thursday, the deputy chief of air staff, Air Marshal N.V. Tyagi, said the withdrawal from Congo and Sudan would be a "progressive phaseout".

He said the helicopters pulled out of Congo would not necessarily be deployed for counter-Naxalite operations but may be used for the other responsibilities of the air force – like air maintenance of forward posts in high altitude on the borders – but that would allow for other hardware to be redeployed."Our main tasks have been air maintenance and general tasks. The Maoist problem is recent in origin and whatever the requirements are would be met from the assets available," Tyagi said.He added that 17 MI-17s and 8 MI-35 helicopters would be withdrawn by mid-2011. The first contingent to be withdrawn would bring back with them five MI-17 and four MI-35 helicopters.

The Indian Air Force's role in Congo has changed since this month. "Our contingent's basic purpose was peace keeping but from first July it has changed to stabilisation operations. Their primary role is to provide mobility to the (UN) forces and to take actions against those trying to destabilise peace," Tyagi said.

The contingent that was flagged off on Thursday is the fifth rotation of IAF personnel to the DRC. The contingent of 285 personnel is led by Group Captain Pradip Waman Ambekar. It will be posted along Congo's borders with Rwanda and Uganda operating out of Kivu and Ituri.

http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100717/jsp/frontpage/story_12694465.jsp

JUSTICE AND THE ADIVASI

- The tribal predicament and the genesis of the Maoist problem

POLITICS AND PLAY: Ramachandra Guha

In the summer of 2006, I travelled with a group of scholars and writers through the district of Dantewada, then (as now) the epicentre of the conflict between the Indian State and Maoist rebels. Writing about my experiences in a four-part series published in The Telegraph, I predicted that the conflict would intensify, because the Maoists would not give up their commitment to armed struggle, while the government would not be able to "put the interests of a vulnerable minority — the adivasis — ahead of those with more money and political power". Thus "in the forest regions of central and eastern India, years of struggle and strife lie ahead. Here, in the jungles and hills they once called their own, the tribals will find themselves pierced on one side by the State and pressed on the other by the insurgents".

That my forecast appears to have come true does not give me much satisfaction. The scholar was obliged to draw a melancholy conclusion, but the citizen still hoped that one side would give up arms and the other more sincerely implement the provisions of the Indian Constitution. In the wake of continuing attacks by Maoists on security forces, and the killings of Maoist leaders in illegal 'encounters', it is even harder for hope to win over cynicism. However, even if one cannot see a resolution of the problem any time soon, one can still seek a deeper understanding of its genesis. This can be had through two recent works of scholarship that take the tribal predicament as their point of departure.

Out of this Earth, co-authored by the anthropologist, Felix Padel, and the activist, Samarendra Das, provides a comprehensive analysis of the social and environmental impacts of the mining boom in Orissa. The authors show how companies split tribal communities by bribes and coercion, such that a division emerges between 'accepters' and 'refusers'. They document the extensive collusion, between politicians and bureaucrats on the one hand and private companies on the other, which has forced tribals off the land they own but below which valuable ores are to be found.

As Padel and Das point out, the autonomous and non-violent resistance to destructive mining has been misrepresented by the State, corporate interests and even at times by the media as a "Maoist threat". This latter label is then used "to crush all kinds of indigenous opposition based on the people's refusal to be displaced, to allow their land to be snatched away and their communities to be torn apart".

The Padel-Das work may be read in conjunction with a study conducted by the Institute of Rural Management, Anand. Closely researched and soberly argued, the study — whose principal authors are Ajay Dandekar and Chitrangada Choudhury — examines the workings of the Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act. Passed in 1996, PESA conferred on tribal communities the ownership of non-timber forest produce, the power to prevent alienation of land to non-tribals, the power of prior recommendation in granting mining leases, and the right to be consulted in land acquisition by the government. Assessing the impact of the legislation a decade later, the report found that "in most states, the enabling rules for the gram sabha's control over prospecting of minor minerals, planning and management of water bodies, control and management of minor forest produce, [and] dissent to land acquisition are not yet in place, suggesting reluctance by the state governments to honour the mandate of PESA".

The IRMA study passes strictures on the abdication by governors of their responsibilities. Although they have been "accorded limitless power by the Constitution to ensure the upholding of PESA", the governors of different states "have slowly but surely been neglecting their duties towards the law, and towards tribal communities". Tribal activists told the IRMA team that "Governors have not responded in a single instance to their petitions for interventions in crises that threaten them, such as deepening clashes over land, mining or police excesses".

The Dandekar-Choudhury study speaks of the widespread transfer of tribal lands into non-tribal hands through fraud and forcible occupation. Despite a long-standing promise to repeal or amend it, the colonial-era Land Acquisition Act of 1894 is still being used, or misused, to acquire land owned by households and communities and hand it over to the corporate sector. In the process, the State has sparked a series of bitter conflicts throughout eastern and central India.

"When it comes to acquiring mineral resources for industry," notes the study, "the stakes are… loaded against the functioning of the PESA.… [T]here is still no legal framework in place for communities to dissent in such activity in their area if they so desire, or to secure a direct stake in the earnings, through instruments such as jobs or debentures." In one village in Orissa, the researchers found that a large police station had recently been constructed, whereas in the past five decades, the state government had not bothered to build a hospital or public health centre. The reason for this bias was immediately obvious — in the shape of a new aluminium factory that had come up near the village. "Do our people need better police facilities or better health care?" asked the village headman. "What is the administration's priority?" he continued, before supplying this answer: "This is being done only because the company wants police stations, which can beat us if we ever protest against land acquisition."

In the past decade, it is in tribal districts that the Maoists have made the greatest gains, in good part because of the State's own short-sighted and exploitative policies. The IRMA researchers are no sympathizers of the methods of the Naxalites. They see them (in my view, rightly) as a threat not just to Indian democracy, but to democratic values in general. They quote an activist who notes that while the Maoists might have, in the beginning, fought for greater economic and social rights for tribals, over the years they have "become corrupt, power hungry and intolerant of any difference[s]". The insurgents are also deeply hypocritical; thus "while denouncing the 'loot of adivasi resources', the Party takes money from the mining industry to fund its operations".

If, despite the brutality of their methods, the Maoists have yet gained ground, it is because the Indian State has treated its tribal citizens with condescension and contempt. A course correction would take the form of "implementing PESA with political will, urgency, and creativity". The IRMA researchers suggest that memoranda of understanding with factories and mining companies "should be re-examined in a public exercise, with gram sabhas at the centre…." Each industrial or mining project in tribal areas should be preceded by an environmental impact assessment conducted by qualified and independent experts. More broadly, through "financial and juridical devolution to gram sabhas, a model of participatory and community-centred development should be nurtured", to replace the current model of top-down, industry-centred, resource-exploitative form of development being imposed on tribal areas.

Ironically, although it had commissioned this assessment of PESA, the ministry of panchayti raj has thus far refused to allow it to be printed. If the ministry is sincere about its mandate, it should have this study read by all its officials. The officials of the home ministry and the prime minister's office would profit from reading it too. Perhaps four people in particular should closely read and digest its contents: the prime minister, the home minister, the Congress president, and the youngest of the Congress general secretaries.

The IRMA study quotes an activist saying, "The government might not be interested in talking to the Maoists without certain pre-conditions. But what stops it from talking to its own people and understanding their pain?" Mahatma Gandhi once walked through the riot-torn districts of Bengal and Bihar — it may be too much to ask the leaders of today to walk through Dantewada, or Koraput, or Narayanpur, or Gadchiroli, or any of the other areas of tribal suffering and discontent.

ramachandraguha@yahoo.in

http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100717/jsp/opinion/story_12678165.jsp

State anti-rebel force on Greyhound lines

PRONAB MONDAL

Calcutta, July 16: The state government has set up an exclusive anti-Maoist force that will not only gather intelligence on the rebels but also engage them in battle, much in the style of the Greyhounds in Andhra Pradesh.

The Counter Intelligence Force (CIF) will be headed by an inspector-general (IG) of police. The IG will co-ordinate with a CRPF officer to chalk out strategies before and during an anti-Maoist operation.

"The CIF will function like the Greyhound force in Andhra Pradesh," said director-general of police Bhupinder Singh. "Vivek Sahay has been appointed its inspector-general. He will supervise all operations against the Maoists." Sahay was earlier the inspector-general, armed police.

The move to set up a dedicated force to deal exclusively with the Maoists was initiated after the government faced difficulties in co-ordinating between the state and central forces during operations in Lalgarh.

"Currently, the CRPF and the state forces in the three Maoist-affected districts of West Midnapore, Bankura and Purulia function under three different superintendents of police. An uninterrupted co-ordination between the three SPs is needed to fight the Maoists. However, this was missing on a number of occasions," a home department official said at Writers' Buildings today.

"The CIF will now lead all the major anti-Maoist operations in the state. Only one person, IG Sahay, will co-ordinate with central forces during the operations. It would not be necessary for him to inform the three SPs. The new wing will function independently and it will be accountable only to the state DGP and the chief secretary," the official added.

Another official said that during operations, the CIF would be free to draw men from the state forces as well as the CRPF. The raids, however, will be conducted under the supervision of the IG, CIF.

The CIF currently has a strength of 250. The personnel have been trained in jungle warfare by the army and the Border Security Force.

"The strength of the CIF will shortly go up to 700. Several are still undergoing training," the home department official said. "Training camps are being set up and more men will be inducted gradually."

The government has decided to set up three training centres of 250 to 300 acres each. The centres will be set up at Salua in West Midnapore, Taldangra in Bankura and Matigara in Siliguri with financial assistance from the Centre.

"Once these units are ready, we will recruit young men for training. We will engage retired armymen and BSF personnel to train them in jungle warfare," the official said. Officers of the rank of deputy inspector-general of police will be in charge of the training.

http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100717/jsp/bengal/story_12694230.jsp

Cops raid Umakanto meet, kill 1

OUR CORRESPONDENT

Midnapore, July 16: A Maoist was killed and two arrested after police raided a village in West Midnapore where one of the Jnaneswari Express sabotage masterminds was supposedly holding a meeting with his aides early today.

The police raided Jaybandhi village near Jhargram after receiving information that Umakanto Mahato, Saheb Ram Murmu alias Jayanta, accused of being involved in the Eastern Frontier Rifles camp in Shilda attack, Gautam Rana, a rebel released on bail, and their accomplices were holding a meeting there.

"The Maoists started firing at us when we reached the outskirts of the village. We retaliated," said Mukesh Kumar, the additional superintendent of police (operations).

One of the Maoists, Bikram Mahato, 40, was killed in the half-an-hour gunfight, Kumar said. He said the Maoists retreated into the village after realising that they were outnumbered.

The police, with the help of villagers, then raided several houses and arrested Nepal Patra and Ranjit Rana, Gautam's brother. The police said Umakanto, Gautam and the other Maoists escaped into a nearby forest.

http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100717/jsp/bengal/story_12691807.jsp

Tribhuvan Tiwari

Corporate Trusteeship But a cruel joke

Opinion

A Last Note To A Neo-Colonialist

This is a rejoinder the slain CPI (Maoist) spokesperson had penned in response to B.G. Verghese's article in Outlook

Chemkuri Azad Rajkumar

Reading B.G. Verghese's article Daylight at the Thousand-Star Hotel in Outlook (May 3), one is stunned by the abysmal poverty of thought and colonial mindset of this renowned intellectual. How is it that the illiterate, seemingly uncivilised, backward, half-naked adivasi thinks, analyses and acts a lot better than an established, well-read, highly qualified intellectual like Verghese?

The history of freedom in our country presents innumerable such contrasts: of the highly educated white man, with his vast, in-depth knowledge of the world and the natural and social sciences, glorifying the British raj as a regime with a civilising mission; and the half-naked, illiterate Indian who craved for freedom and independence. To justify the oppression of their subjects in the colonies, the "educated" colonial intellectuals invented phrases such as "white man's burden", "civilising mission" et al. The freedom fighter, however, was not impressed by the 'development' the British colonialists brought to India through their railways, roads, communication networks, plantations, mines etc.

Verghese is a typical example of the self-proclaimed civilisers of modern-day India, akin to the white 'civilisers' of yesteryear, who would have been the pride of a Rudyard Kipling. He reveals this colonial mindset by vehemently arguing in favour of the civilising mission of the corporate sharks and the Indian State to transform the poor, backward adivasis from savages into civilised people through a 'development' that destroys people's economy, social life, culture and all human values. Ironically, ignoramuses like him imagine that adivasis are the casualties of non-development.

The corporate vultures and their police servants have said, through Verghese, what they think of a dialogue with the Maoists. Citing from my interview in The Hindu, Verghese gives his own interpretation to my proposal for talks. He derides my statement that "talks will give some respite to the people who are oppressed and suppressed under the jackboots of the Indian State..." and interprets this as "respite for the oppressed (cadres)". Such is the wishful imagination, cynicism, trivialisation and vulgarisation of a life-and-death question confronting millions of hapless people!

Verghese also thinks that lifting the ban on our party, release of jailed leaders for the purpose of participating in talks, and respite for the oppressed are unreasonable preconditions. Would anyone, except Verghese and other war-hungry hawks, imagine that the Maoists had placed respite as a precondition? We had only explained why we think a ceasefire is necessary to give respite to the oppressed and suppressed people in the war-torn zones.

In any war, there can be several periods of peace depending on many factors such as natural calamities which affect a significant chunk of the population and need relative peace for reconstruction and assistance to the victims; war of aggression by another country which calls for the united resistance of one and all; war fatigue among the people and even the belligerents; chronic famine conditions for a sizeable proportion of the people arising basically out of prolonged periods of war; the needs of either side for a respite for various reasons, and so on. However, it is only when both sides in the war feel the need for peace that a mutual ceasefire and a situation for initiating a dialogue will arise.

Verghese does not speak like an impartial observer but betrays his conscious motive of tarnishing the Maoists with his ideologically bankrupt rhetoric. His inherent bias is clear from several of his remarks, such as his accusation that the Maoists pose like "Robin Hoods but rule by fear and authoritarian command over cowed camp-followers". He further says: "Many comrades have broken rank in disgust over the Maoists' brutality and hubris." Can he cite any authentic source for his accusation, leaving out the disinformation campaign unleashed by the reactionary rulers and their police-intelligence wings? How many comrades have broken rank in disgust over our "brutality and hubris"? We challenge him to furnish a list.


	Even the church of England got out of Vedanta. The colonialists seem more humane than the slavish intellectuals in former colonies.

For a common man who sees nothing but a culture of fear and authoritarianism everywhere, in virtually every party led by one or two authoritarian individuals whether it be Indira Gandhi, Sonia Gandhi, L.K. Advani, M. Karunanidhi, Y.S.R. Reddy, Chandrababu Naidu, Jyoti Basu and so on, it is difficult to imagine genuine democracy and mutual trust that is the hallmark of a proletarian party like ours. Maoists have never considered themselves Robin Hoods and have even undertaken deep reviews of how the cult of the individual is part of the bourgeois culture, and how the people are the real heroes. Besides a strong ideological-political unity, the Maoists are marked by their conscious effort to promote collective functioning right from the central committee to the mass organisation committees, which is one reason why every attempt to split the party has failed right from the time of K.G. Sathya Murthy and Kondapalli Seetharamayya in erstwhile PW or Bharath and Badal in erstwhile MCCI.

One is also dumbstruck to hear Verghese chide Arundhati Roy saying: "Why scoff at a cancer hospital built near Raipur by Vedanta, the aluminium corporate, or the proposed Vedanta University in coastal Orissa? Are these by definition all wicked enterprises?" He then goes on to repeat Ms Roy's observations on the pathetic health conditions and lack of any healthcare in Dandakaranya and asks: "So where do we begin? By burning down the Vedanta hospital?"

Should one think it is because of his innocence or because of his false consciousness derived from the non-stop propaganda by the corporate sharks that Verghese poses such a foolish question? Vedanta might appear as a benevolent enterprise to Verghese, but life has taught the adivasis what it stands for. Even as Verghese comes forth as an apologist for the worst perpetrators of crimes against humanity, we find organisations like the Church of England, and several shareholders in Vedanta exhibiting better rationale by withdrawing their shares from Vedanta. Even the colonialists seem more humane and rational than the slavish intellectuals in their former colonies! Moreover, even the Supreme Court of India and the environment ministry have raised objections to the proposed Vedanta University and mining venture. Only a Chidambaram, who served as a member of its board of directors until 2004, and Verghese, with his "compassionate" colonial mindset of "civilising" the backward people, can stand up in support of vultures like Vedanta, Tata, POSCO, Jindal....

Verghese's colonial mindset is at its best when he says: "Yes, there will be land acquisition and displacement—that is the story of civilisation; but there will also be resettlement, compensation and training for new vocations." The adivasis and poor peasants in our country can never imagine how people like Verghese can distort history so shamelessly. Ask the 60 million people who have been displaced by the land acquisition of the "civilisers". How and why such barbarism is called the story of civilisation, only Verghese knows best. To convince the sceptics, he further says: "Admittedly, this (resettlement, compensation) has not always been done wisely or well. But times are changing. New legal frameworks, better norms, closer monitoring, improved R&R and livelihood packages have continuously been put in place."

Verghese here comes out as an incarnation of the typical Indian bureaucrat, like a G.K. Pillai. All intellectual pretence is shed here and he reveals himself as a loyal servant of the Indian comprador sharks. So why is all this hullabaloo about land acquisition and displacement being raked up by people like Arundhati Roy and others?


	Where in india is your constitution prevailing? in Dantewada? In Lalgarh, Kashmir, Manipur? where was it hiding for 25 yrs after '84?

Verghese states his imagined virtues of the corporates without a sense of shame: "There is much virtue in translating Gandhi's concept of trusteeship in a new and evolving idiom of csr to which corporates, the state and courts have variously given expression. The new deals being worked out by the POSCOs, Vedantas, Tatas, Mittals and others are greatly in advance of what was on offer even five years ago." What Verghese is trying to say is let the corporates enjoy the mineral wealth and loot the country at will as long as they throw some crumbs as charity or 'social responsibility' to the poor, helpless, wretched beings who are thrown out of their homes and lands. Why doesn't Verghese visit Balitutha, Dhinkia and Nuagaon in Jagatsinghpur district of Orissa and convince the anti-POSCO agitators to understand the new paradise that is being built for them by his corporate bosses? Or visit Baligotha, Chandia and Baragadia in Kalinganagar to make the "backward" adivasis protesting against the Tata Steel project see reason? After centuries of rapacious plunder by capitalist gangs that has led to the monopoly control of the world's resources by a handful of corporations, Verghese can actually call for a trusteeship by corporates!

Another interesting instance where Verghese distorts facts is in the growth in tribal populations. In order to disprove Arundhati Roy's apprehension about the probable genocide of tribals due to the war waged by the Indian State, Verghese asserts that "the tribal population of India was 19.1 million in 1951, rose to 84.3 mn according to the 2001 census and is estimated to be just short of 100 mn (8.1 per cent of the population) today." Had he exerted a little effort, he would have known that the seemingly huge growth in the population figures of scheduled tribes in India is not because of an increase in the population of the tribes but due to the inclusion of several hitherto non-tribals in the ST category.

Verghese's attitude towards the occupation of schools by the security forces is also criminally casual. He says: "Yes, schools in Naxal-affected areas are often occupied by security forces, not to prevent education but because schooling and other developmental activities, such as they are, have come to a halt." Even worse, he accuses the Maoists of opposing schools and of being interested only in "agitprop centres to indoctrinate the young". This reveals the extent of indoctrination this intellectual mind has been subjected to by the omnipotent imperialist media and the servile education system he is a product of. He goes on to say, "Development and connectivity threaten them. Hence they destroy roads, culverts, bridges. Hence the wanton attacks on railway and highway projects that would, if completed, connect and open up remote, backward areas. If education, health services, roads, irrigation, markets and communications are provided and poverty rolled back, the Maoists would be out of business."

Throughout his article, Verghese acts as an apologist for the reactionary deeds of the rulers; and at times his language is indistinguishable from that of Chidambaram. For instance, Chidambaram too said at JNU recently: "Maoists want to ensure the tribals were inaccessible and incommunicado (from mainstream) by blowing up buildings, railway tracks and targeting developmental projects. Are they trying to create an archaeological museum in the tribal areas by keeping the tribals away from development?"

While one can understand Chidambaram, as a loyal representative of the corporate sharks, uttering such trash, it's really amusing to see intellectuals like Verghese imagining such things and drawing fantastic and subjective conclusions. On several occasions, we have clarified these questions. We have explained why we are targeting roads, bridges etc. Let alone opposing, our party has even led people's struggles demanding the setting up of schools, appointment of teachers, health services, markets, irrigation and so on. In fact, seeing the utter apathy of the rulers, we ourselves have set up schools, dug wells and tanks to develop irrigation and increase productivity and yields of crops, organised cooperatives, trained local doctors, built roads and bridges deep inside the forest.

Why would Maoists be threatened by development and connectivity? If Verghese and his brand of intellectuals think that concrete roads are the barometer of development, they are living in a fool's paradise. He falls prey to the ruling class scheme of development that displaces the adivasis and destroys their lives, lands and cultures. He says roads and railways open up remote backward areas. For whom? For the people or for a handful of mining and industrial companies, forest contractors and police tormentors who make adivasi lives a veritable hell?

Even more amusing is Verghese's allegation that the Maoists are working only among the adivasis and that they will be "out of business" once the adivasi areas become developed. He does not even know the programme of the Maoists, which is to mobilise the vast majority of the suffering people throughout the country. Can the Maoists seize power and establish the "totalitarian state" Verghese is talking of without organising the non-adivasi majority living in the advanced regions of the country?

Verghese refers to the Salwa Judum as a savage blot but concludes that "strategic hamleting" was confined to one district and prevented from being extended to any other district, even in Chhattisgarh. But who prevented it and how, he prefers to be silent on. It has been the heroic resistance, armed and unarmed, by the adivasi masses led by the Maoists since the end of 2005 that has upset the devious plans of the reactionary rulers to uproot the entire adivasi population. He doesn't say that Salwa Judum was defeated and prevented from creating havoc in newer areas because the Maoists and the adivasi masses had dealt a death blow to this state-sponsored terrorist gang by carrying out daring militant offensives such as in Ranibodili and Errabore; that the rulers had never given up their fond wish to drive the entire adivasi population into strategic hamlets; and that Salwa Judum Part II unleashed by the Sonia-Manmohan-Chidambaram gang is precisely to achieve that unfinished goal.

Lastly, Herr Verghese fondly hopes: "The Maoists will fade away, democratic India and the Constitution will prevail, despite the time it takes and the pain involved." If the Maoists fade away by the superiority of your development model, then why are the advocates of your development keen on brutally suppressing the Maoists and the adivasis they are leading? In which part of India is the Constitution prevailing, Mr Verghese? In Dantewada, Bijapur, Kanker, Narayanpur, Rajnandgaon? In Jharkhand, Orissa? In Lalgarh, Jangalmahal? In the Kashmir Valley? Manipur? Where was your Constitution hiding for 25 long years after thousand of Sikhs where massacred? When thousands of Muslims were decimated? When lakhs of peasants are compelled to commit suicides? When thousands of people are murdered by state-sponsored Salwa Judum gangs? When adivasi women are gangraped? When people are simply abducted by uniformed goons? Your Constitution is a piece of paper that does not even have the value of a toilet paper for the vast majority of the Indian people.

Finally, this comment by Verghese—"People's Tribunals keep mouthing yesterday's tired slogans.... They do not see tomorrow; maybe they fear it"—applies more to people like him. He keeps mouthing yesterday's outdated, monotonous slogans like "end of history", "there-is-no-alternative", "demise of Communism", "totalitarian state", and so on. He does not see tomorrow. He even fears it. The spectre of Communism sends shivers down his spine.

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News for Maoist

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Three CPI-M activists killed by Maoists in West Bengal

‎
Hindustan Times - 4 hours ago

Maoists killed three activists of the Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPI-M) in three separate incidents in West Bengal's West Midnapore district on ...

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Hindustan Times - 1 hour ago

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James Laine's Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India

and the attack on the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

Background - Chronology - Reactions

For more information, please also see in this issue of the crQ:

James Laine's Controversial Book by Bhalchandrarao C. Patvardhan and Amodini Bagwe
Attacking Myths and Institutions: James Laine's Shivaji and BORI

- the Editors, the complete review

Introduction

      On 5 January 2004 a group calling itself the Sambhaji Brigade attacked the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI) in Pune, in the state of Maharashtra, India. There was considerable damage done to the holdings of this significant cultural repository, including to irreplaceable and unique objects of historical and literary importance. While not on the same scale, it was a catastrophe comparable to the recent destruction and looting of libraries in Sarajevo and Iraq, or the destruction of the Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan, a devastating blow to contemporary civilization and to the preservation of what remains of previous ones.
      The attack was the preliminary culmination in a series of increasingly disturbing and destructive events that were triggered by the publication of James W. Laine's Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India (Oxford University Press, 2003). Laine's book sparked controversy in India, leading Oxford University Press India to withdraw it from the local market in November 2003. This did not sufficiently appease those upset by the book. American professor Laine had done some of the research for his book at BORI, and he thanked the institute and some scholars affiliated with it in his acknowledgements; the institute and its members were then targeted by those angered by the book. In December 2003 one of those thanked by Laine, historian Shrikant Bahulkar, was assaulted, his face blackened by Shiv Sena activists. Then, in January, came the attack on the institute itself.
      While the attack was widely condemned, and over 70 of the participants were arrested, Laine and his undertaking continue to be denounced. Shivaji has now been banned, and Laine has been charged by the authorities and appears to be subject to arrest if he returns to India. Laine and his book -- and BORI -- continue to be used in what appears to be an increasingly politicised debate.

      These events are particularly disturbing because, unlike most other recent incidents of large-scale cultural vandalism, they occurred in a country at peace, and in a democracy -- a system that depends on a tolerance for a plurality of opinions and on free expression to properly function. Also striking -- and worrisome -- is that the conflict has been framed as one centred around questions of historical (in)accuracy and and (ir)responsibile scholarship, but there has been little interest from many of those challenging Laine's book to debate these questions, as they have answered them with mob-rule and violence instead of counter-argument.
      There has been much discussion about these events in India, but, despite the supranational issues at stake, as well as the roles played by an American professor and the world's largest -- and one of the most respected -- university presses, international press coverage has been very limited. The conflict is a complex one, and it is both politically and religiously highly charged, centred around an historical figure -- Shivaji -- who is not well known outside India.
      In this introductory overview we try to present the necessary background information to allow some understanding of the events that have taken place. Other pieces in this edition of the complete review Quarterly devoted to the subject are Bhalchandrarao C. Patvardhan and Amodini Bagwe 's essay on James Laine's Controversial Book and our commentary, Attacking Myths and Institutions: James Laine's Shivaji and BORI

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A guide to what's at issue

      Shivaji
      Chhattrapati Shivaji Maharaj (also known simply as Shivaji or Sivaji) lived 1627/1630 to 1680. A Maratha leader, he was fiercely opposed to the Mughals that at that time controlled much of what is now India, and was instrumental in establishing Marathi independence. Crowned the first Maratha king in 1674, he is a founding-father figure who is still highly revered in India, especially in the state of Maharashtra (major cities: Mumbai (Bombay) and Pune); see, for example the official Maharashtra state site, where a page is devoted to Shivaji: the Maker of the Maratha Nation
      Shivaji is also perceived as a specifically Hindu hero, having established a Hindu empire in opposition to the Mughals (who were Muslim, and foreign). While widely revered in India, Hindu-nationalist groups have been particularly vociferous in allowing no criticism of the man, his accomplishments, and the legends around him.
      His name, of great symbolic value, is often invoked, especially in recent years as a Hindu-focussed nationalism (and political polarization) in India has been resurgent. So, for example, Mumbai (formerly Bombay) airport has apparently been re-named: Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport.

      For additional information, see:

Chhatrapati Shivaji - The Legend
Shivaji at Wikipedia
Shivaji at Freeindia.org
The Complexities of Shivaji by Vijay Prashad, at Proxsa (also at HVK.org, where -- scroll down -- there is a response from Bhalchandrarao C. Patwardhan)

James W. Laine
James W. Laine is the Arnold H. Lowe Professor and Chair of Religious Studies at Macalester College; see his faculty page. He got his B.A. from Texas Tech, and his M.T.S. and Th.D. from Harvard.

      James Laine's Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India
      James Laine's Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India was published by Oxford University Press; see the complete review's review. It apparently appeared in the US and the UK in early 2003, and was then published in India in the summer of 2003.
      In describing the book Oxford University Press writes:
The legends of his life have become an epic story that everyone in western India knows, and an important part of the Hindu nationalists' ideology. To read Shivaji's legend today is to find expression of deeply held convictions about what Hinduism means and how it is opposed to Islam.
      They also suggest:
Different sub-groups, representing a range of religious persuasions, found it in their advantage to accentuate or diminish the importance of Hindu and Muslim identity and the ideologies that supported the construction of such identities. By studying the evolution of the Shivaji legend, Laine demonstrates, we can trace the development of such constructions in both pre-British and post-colonial periods.
      It appears that Laine's focus on a shifting legend -- rather a fixed-in-stone image of the man some groups insist upon -- and the notion that the legend has been adapted for other purposes is among the aspects of the book that has proved most controversial. (Ironically, reactions by some groups that tolerate only their current notion of the legend would appear to support at least Laine's underlying thesis.)

      The statement in the book that appears to have provoked the greatest outrage is the mention that it has been suggested that Shivaji's father was not Shahaji, Laine writing: "Maharashtrians tell jokes naughtily that Shivaji's biological father was Dadoji Kondeo Kulkarni" (quoted, for example, in The Telegraph, 18 January). This statement -- indeed, even the mere suggestion -- is apparently considered an outrageous insult and defamation of Shivaji, Shahaji, and Shivaji's mother, Jijabai (all highly revered). The claim is also widely considered unfounded and gratuitous; apparently this particular 'naughty joke' is not familiar to most Maharashtrians (or at least none appear to have come forward acknowledging that they've heard this sort of banter).

      In his acknowledgements Laine thanked numerous people, writing also:
In India, my scholarly home has been the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute in Pune, and there I profited from the advice and assistance of the senior librarian, V. L. Manjul. I read texts and learned informally a great deal about Marathi literature and Maharashtrian culture from S. S. Bahulkar, Sucheta Paranjpe, Y. B. Damle, Rekha Damle, Bhaskar Chandavarkar, and Meena Chandavarkar. Thanks to the American Institute of Indian Studies and Madhav Bhandare, I was able to spend three productive periods of research in Pune.
      Laine's thanks were apparently interpreted as a declaration of scholarly complicity, and those named were among those targeted by the groups opposed to Laine's work -- despite the fact that several scholars attached to BORI distanced themselves from the book and were among those demanding that OUP India withdraw the book.

      Laine's Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India has not been widely reviewed (in part likely because it is a scholarly work of the sort generally mainly reviewed in academic journals, many of which take longer to review titles than the mass media does). Among the few reviews is V.N. Datta's in The Sunday Tribune (7 December), An image that might be disturbing

      For additional information see:

The OUP-USA publicity page ((Updated - 29 March): The book is no longer listed in the OUP-USA catalogue)
The OUP publicity page ((Updated - 29 March): The book is barely listed in the OUP catalogue)
A sample chapter
V.N. Datta's review, An image that might be disturbing (The Sunday Tribune, 7 December)
Danny Yee's review at Danny Yee's Book Reviews
To purchase Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India

from Amazon.com
from Amazon.co.uk

      Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
      The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute is located in Pune. It was founded in 1917 and is a leading repository of Indological manuscripts and a renowned centre for scholarship.
      For additional information see:

BORI at virtualpune.com
A learning house with a world-wide appeal, at the Times of India

Sambhaji Brigade
A small, previously little known group affiliated with the Hindu-nationalist organisation, Maratha Seva Sangh

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Chronology

(Based on Ketaki Ghoge's chronology in his article, Rape of culture leaves city in shock (Indian Express, 5 January), and other mentioned sources. See also Anupama Katakam's article, Politics of vandalism in Frontline (issue of 17-30 January) for a good overview (and pictures).)

June, 2003: James Laine's Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India published in India by Oxford University Press India.
November, 2003: Scholars affiliated with the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI), historians (including Jaysinhrao Pawar, Babasaheb Purandare, Ninad Bedekar, and Gajanan Mehendale), and others (including city MP Pradeep Rawat) called for the withdrawal of the book. (See Scholar destroys own work on Shivaji, Manjiri Damle, Times of India, 27 December)
21 November 2003: Oxford University Press India apologised and withdrew the book from the Indian market. (The book continued to be listed in the OUP India catalogue until mid-January, but has since been removed. The book remains in print and available outside India.)
22 December 2003: Shiv Sena activists confronted and attacked scholars attached to BORI over their role in assisting Laine with his book. Sanskrit scholar Shrikant Bahulkar was physically assaulted and his face blackened (an act meant to shame him). (See Scholar destroys own work on Shivaji)
25 December 2003: Gajanan Mehendale, who had previously called for the withdrawal of Laine's book, went to the Shiv Sena offices to demand an apology for the assault on Bahulkar. When none was forthcoming he destroyed several hundred manuscript pages of his own unpublished biographical study of Shivaji. (See Scholar destroys own work on Shivaji)
28 December 2003: Shiv Sena leader Raj Thackeray personally apologised to Bahulkar. The Times of India reported (29 December) that:
Raj assured Bahulkar that such incidents would not be repeated and that Sena activists would have to get a "clearance" from the toprung leaders before embarking on such "aggressive campaigns" in the future.
late December, 2003: James Laine faxed a statement apologising to some Pune scholars. The Times of India reported Laine says sorry for hurting sentiments (30 December), quoting:
"It was never my intention to defame the great Maharashtrian hero. I had no desire to upset those for whom he is an emblem of regional and national pride, and I apologise for inadvertently doing so," he said in a faxed message to some city scholars. "I foolishly misread the situation in India and figured the book would receive scholarly criticism, not censorship and condemnation. Again I apologise," the American author said.
5 January, 2004: Over 150 activists from the Sambhaji Brigade attacked BORI, ransacking the building, defacing books and artworks, and destroying property. The extent of the damage is not clear at this time -- especially regarding the irreplaceable manuscripts and historical artefacts -- but appears to be considerable . Seventy-two of the hooligans were arrested. (See also: 'Maratha' activists vandalise Bhandarkar (Times of India), Helping Laine: Books, powada, poem (Express News Service), and Mob ransacks Pune's Bhandarkar Institute (Rupa Chapalgaonkar, Mid-Day))
6 January: Mid-Day published Pune institute's desecration shocks author, in which Laine comments on events and explains, inter alia:
My goal was not to establish my version of the true history of Shivaji, but to examine the forces that shaped the commonly held views. In so doing, I suggest that there might be other ways of reading the historical evidence, but in making such a suggestion, I have elicited a storm of criticism. I am astonished.
7 January: In the Indian Express Shailesh Gaikwad reports MSS chief's clout keeps govt away. Illustrating the government's disturbing priorities (and a continued interest in appeasing populist elements) State Home Minister R.R. Patil is quoted as saying:
We condemn the attack and also distorting of the history of Chhatrapati Shivaji. The government is seeking legal opinion to ascertain if any action can be taken against the author and also whether the book can be banned.
9 January: At a press conference Sambhaji Brigade spokesman Shrimant Kokate is reported (in the Times of India) to have expressed pleasantries such as:
"In fact, scholars should be happy that Bori is still intact," he remarked. Kokate said that the brigade was "most unhappy" that scholars who had helped Laine were "still alive" and demanded that they face an inquiry or be handed over to the Brigade. Kokate expressed his displeasure about the fact that the media had labelled them as goons. "We will deal with the media later," he threatened.
In another report (Express News Service) he is quoted as saying:
Those who fed him [Laine] with the offensive information should be hanged by the government. If the government is unable to do so they should be handed over to us.
Kokate was apparently not arrested for these inflammatory remarks. Instead:
9 January: Charges were filed against James Laine and OUP India by the Deccan Gymkhana police. The charges are registered under Sections 153 and 153(A) of the Indian Penal Code. (As A.G. Noorani notes in Chhatrapati or bust (Hindustan Times, 27 January), Section 153A has frequently -- but selectively -- been invoked over the past decade and more, writing: "Section 153A is not invoked to suppress the VHP or the Shiv Sena's hate campaign but to suppress scholarly books unacceptable to them.".) These sections read:
153. Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot (...)
153A. Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony
(See also Case against Laine, OUP (Express News Service) and Pune police book American writer Laine (Times of India))
12 January: James Laine published a commentary piece, In India, 'the Unthinkable' Is Printed at One's Peril in The Los Angeles Times; it is, unfortunately, not freely accessible on the Internet. In it he describes his interest in Shivaji, his book, early reactions to it, and then the events that unfolded. He relates how, initially, the book "even ranked up with Hillary Rodham Clinton's in the local list of English-language bestsellers in Pune", and mentions:
Back in Pune this summer, I saw a couple of bland but positive reviews in the Indian papers. I thought, "As long as they don't get to the last chapter."
He concludes the piece:
The vast majority of Indians are appalled at what happened in Pune. And yet no one has stepped forward to defend my book and no one has called for it to be distributed again. Few will read it for themselves. Instead, many will live with the knowledge that India is a country where many thoughts are unthinkable or, if thought, best kept quiet.
13 January: Mid-Day reports -- in an article with a very understated headline -- OUP asked to shut Pune office. As the article explains:
Maratha organsisations supporting Sambhaji Brigade have now forced the Oxford University Press showroom in Pune to down shutters. (...) They told the employees there that (...) they should down their shutters or else face consequences.
No arrests were reported.
14 January: Despite the fact that OUP had already withdrawn Laine's book from the Indian market two months earlier, the Maharashtra government moved -- eventually successfully -- to have Laine's book banned, again citing Sections 153 and 153A of the Indian Penal Code. (See reports from the Times of India (14 January) and Reuters (16 January).)
16 January: Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee admirably spoke out against the book-ban. The Times of India reported PM shoots from the hip, upsets Shiv Sena, NCP, and quotes the Prime Minister as sensibly stating:
He said the "right way" to express disagreement was through discussion. "Countering the views in a particular book by another good book is understandable," Mr Vajpayee said, adding that he did not approve of the ban on Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India by American writer James Laine.
The Express New Service report, PM flags off Mumbai campaign, opposes ban on Shivaji book, had it a bit differently, quoting the PM as saying:
"If you do not like anything in a particular book, then sit and discuss it. Banning a book is not a solution, we have to tackle it ideologically ... If differences of opinion remain after a issue is discussed, the best way would be to come out with another good book on the subject"
As the Times of India report also notes: "Ironically, the PM made this observation at a function to unveil a majestic statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji in the Sahar airport precincts."
Vajpayee's comments were immediately denounced, including by groups allied with the PM's party. Indifferent to principles, at least one person shifted the focus to what is really at issue:
"He should have kept mum, especially since elections are round the corner," a senior Sena leader present at the function told TNN.
(See also PM not happy with ban on book on Shivaji in Mid-Day)
(Updated - 29 March): Unfortunately, once election time rolled around, Vajpayee began singing a different tune; see entry of 20 March.
January 18: Politicians continued to seek to outdo one another in their defence of Shivaji. Express News Service reports Antulay calls for legal action against Laine (17 January), as senior Congress leader A.R.Antulay attacked Laine, "urging the government to take all necessary legal steps to punish him." He is also quoted as saying:
"How can a dialogue be held if somebody is abusing your father and mother ?" Antulay asked. (...) He said Shivaji was the pride of India and Indians should not tolerate any humiliation of their heroes.
Meanwhile, The Hindu reported (18 January) that Chief Minister Sushilkumar Shinde: "said it was 'not fair' to write such 'bad things' about Shivaji."
19 January: The Times of India reported (20 January) that MSS threatens more attacks on BORI: apparently the Maratha Sewa Sangh warned that: "the 'Sambhaji Brigade', would resort to more attacks if students were made to collect money for rebuilding Bori." Despite such threats, no arrests were reported.
21 January: The Times of India reported that Maratha group flays Sambhaji brigade, describing a newly-formed group, Maratha Yuvak Parishad (MYP), opposed to the use of Shivaji by activists "to further their own political ends".
22 January: The Times of India reported that Maratha outfit files petititon against BORI. Maratha Vikas Sangh has apparently set its sights even higher, having:
filed a petition in the Bombay high court demanding that all documents at BORI be seized by the union government. Refusing the let the James Laine controversy die down, MVS has also demanded censorship on all books that would be written on historical figures.
(This demand for a quasi-Soviet approach to ensure that the historical record is kept ... straight apparently has not been widely embraced; nevertheless, despite suggesting such a thing, the MVS is, amazingly, still taken seriously.)
28 January: The Times of India reports 'Silent' majority lodges protest at BORI:
On Republic Day, inspired by a chain e-mail circulated over the last two weeks, citizens made a beeline for the institute to register a silent protest against the vandalism. This, despite a police warning against gathering at the institute on R-Day. Every protestor dropped a rupee coin in specially placed urns, as a token contribution towards the restoration of the institute.
March: Oxford University Press apparently withdraws all references to Laine's book from all its online catalogues (previously information had been available both at OUP-USA and the main OUP site). It is unclear whether this is a move to remove the book from the market entirely (including the US and the UK), or merely a defensive legal maneuver (to preclude any liability claims).
16 March: Deputy Prime Minister L K Advani bravely maintained: "that he was against banning any controversial publication". (See Advani against banning controversial books (The Hindu, 16 March) and Advani against ban on Laine's book on Shivaji (at NDTV).) This, of course, led to:
17 March: The Times of India reported of the Uproar in house as DF defends 'Shivaji' ban:
Proceedings in both houses of the state legislature were stalled for over two hours on Wednesday after the opposition Shiv Sena-BJP members objected to the ruling coalition members' suggestion that Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Deputy Prime Minister K Advani should apologise for disapproving of the state's ban on the controversial book Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India, penned by American scholar James Laine.
20 March: The pressure -- and election politics -- finally got to Prime Minister Vajpayee as he kicked off the BJP election campaign in Maharahstra, as he suddenly decided the government ban on Laine's book was a pretty darn good idea after all. Not only that: he also felt it necessary to assure his listeners: "We are prepared to take action against the foreign author", and that this was "a warning to all foreign authors that they do not play with our national pride".
See reports in Mid-Day (Shivaji is my ideal, says Vajpayee) and Newindpress.com (Vajpayee kickstarts campaign with warning to foreign authors).
late March: Seeing how well the fervent pro-Shivaji attitude played to the crowds, and seeking to outdo all those who were satisfied with merely bashing James Laine, state BJP president Gopinath Munde decided he could profit by going after bigger fish closer to home and:
demanded a ban on Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru's classic Discovery of India on the ground that a 1986 edition of the book contains remarks highly derogatory of the Maratha king.
(See Ban Nehru's Discovery of India: State BJP, The Times of India, 19 March).
Unfortunately, the overeager Munde apparently never looked at the book in question: as The Times of India reported (21 March), Nehru's book: "contains no such derogatory remark."
A few days later even Munde had to admit as much -- excusing his zeal on the grounds that: "I am a politician and not a scholar". But, just so nobody would think he was going soft, he added: "there is no change in my party's stand -- it will not tolerate any insult to national heroes like Shivaji". (See: Munde wriggles out of Nehru gaffe, The Times of India, 25 March).
late March: Another crowd-pleasing, debate-stifling stunt: Pune police commissioner D.N.Jadhav:
told reporters today that he was writing to Laine to summon him to India for questioning. If Laine refuses the "request," the police chief plans to move court. And if Laine ignores the summons, the police will seek the help of CBI and Interpol, Jadhav said.
(See Day after showing off liberal face, Cong hounds US professor, The Indian Express, 23 March.)
This at least got some international attention -- see the BBC's report, India seeks to arrest US scholar -- and again seems to have played very well in India, where everybody seemed to get really excited about possibly involving Interpol (despite the fact that Laine's whereabouts are well-known); see, for example, State to seek extradition of Shivaji author (The Times of India, 23 March)
Unfortunately, as Vijay Singh noted at Rediff (27 March): Bringing Laine back: Easier said than done. (In fact, it is clear that Laine has not been charged with any extraditable offense.)
As usual, there was far more bluster than action: by 25 March the headline was: No letter to Laine as yet (Indian Express, 25 March), as (sensibly):
Police Commissioner D N Jadhav today said the police will not be sending a letter to James Laine, the author of Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India asking him to come to India till April 5 since a petition has been filed in the Bombay High Court.
See also: Criminal action stayed against Laine (Mid-Day, 27 March).
9 July 2010: As widely reported, the Supreme Court in Maharashtra denied a state government plea to ban the book; see, for example Laine's book on Shivaji okay: SC in The Economic Times.

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Reactions

      Almost no attention has been paid to the controversy surrounding Laine's book or the attack on BORI outside of India. Laine's opinion piece, In India, 'the Unthinkable' Is Printed at One's Peril, in the 12 January issue of The Los Angeles Times, and an article by Martha Ann Overland ("Vandals Attack Research Center in India in Retaliation for Help It Gave to American Scholar") in the Chronicle of Higher Education (issue of 23 January), neither of which is freely available on the Internet, and a Star Tribune article by Mary Jane Smetanka, Macalester professor's book incites a riot a world away ((Updated - 29 March): now only available at WCCO), were among the very few mentions in the American press.
      ((Updated - 29 March): With the calls for Laine's arrest at the end of March there has again been some international coverage, most notably Scott Baldauf's article, How a US historian sparked calls for his arrest - in India, in the Christian Science Monitor (29 March). See also Sara Rajan's A Study in Conflict (Time (Asia), 5 April).)

      What reactions there have been in the academic community do not appear to have made any impact or found any resonance outside those limited circles. There also appear to have been no calls to withdraw Laine's book, or ban it, anywhere outside India.

      In India , the attack on BORI has been widely (though far from universally) condemned. The destruction of property, especially that which is unique and of historical significance, and the threats against scholars have been denounced in the press and in public. Prime Minister Vajpee's approach, as reported in the Times of India, seems to be the preferred one: "He said the "right way" to express disagreement was through discussion" -- though even some of his political allies denounced him for these statements and his opposition to the book-ban.
      Disturbingly, a significant minority has been willing to excuse even the attacks on BORI as justifiable under the circumstances, and while 72 of those responsible were arrested and charged, there have been continued threats (both legal and physical) against BORI, scholars associated with it, and against author James Laine.

      As Laine noted in his 12 January piece in The Los Angeles Times:
The vast majority of Indians are appalled at what happened in Pune. And yet no one has stepped forward to defend my book and no one has called for it to be distributed again.
      Indeed, most of these events took place after Laine's book had officially been withdrawn from the Indian market, i.e. essentially no longer existed. The banning of the book and the attacks on BORI and various scholars were thus clearly aimed not only at this specific case, but at the whole enterprise of scholarship, and of freedom of expression. Concerns about this have been raised in the media, but Laine's book has received little support: there still appear to have been almost no calls for it to be made available in India again.
      Surprisingly, there has also been almost no criticism of Oxford University Press' self-censorship and withdrawal of the book from the Indian market. A rare mention can found is in the "Weekly Organ of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)", People's Democracy, who properly note (25 January):
The media have criticised the Shiv Sainiks' pranks but not the hastiness of the Oxford University Press in withdrawing the book even before the matter became public or the government for banning the book even before the matter was discussed in public fora.
      There have been numerous opinion pieces regarding these incidents. Among the disturbing trends they make note of is the uneven use of Section 153A of the Indian Penal Code to limit expression, and the politicising of what should be academic debates.

      Among the opinion pieces are:

Dileep Padgaonkar on Myth against history (Times of India, 25 January), who finds these events: "drive home the point yet again that in this country it is myth, not history, that ignites popular imagination."
A.G. Noorani's Chhatrapati or bust (Hindustan Times, 27 January), where he writes of what happened: "It was not an aberration. It is part of a practice, connived at and condoned, during the past decade and more."
Ananya Vajpeyi's Everything Foul and Unfair (The Telegraph, 19 January), where he suggests the most critical question is: "(A)re we prepared to defend acts of violence perpetrated in the name of our identity, our beliefs and finally, our sentiments ?"
An editorial in The Indian Express (7 January), in which the authors argue: "We cannot have the mob write our history for us. Every time we compromise on this principle, every time a publishing house allows itself to recall a book, every time the authorities fail to punish the vandals, every time politicians seize such issues for narrow political gains, every time the barbarian at the gate is accommodated, we fail not just our academics but our historical legacy of open scholarship."
Rajeev Dhavan's Burn, Burn, Destroy (available at the Outlook India site, 23 January), where he notes: "In the last decade or so, new emerging patterns of social censorship seem to have eclipsed the framework of legal censorship that has been bequeathed to India by the British."
Nalini Taneja on Politics of Rightwing Sectarianism (People's Democracy, 25 January), arguing: "In what has been happening today by way of policing and censorship of culture, and to history teaching and research, by way of verbal and physical attacks on democratic expression, our state and media have a very definite role to play."
Sandhya Jain on Demeaning Shivaji, denigrating dharma (The Pioneer, 27 January, published here at HVK.org), who finds: "Having purchased and read James Laine's Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India only after it was officially withdrawn by the publishers, I cannot view the events at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI) as totally unjustified."
Swapan Dasgupta on Reclaiming the Hindu Gods (The Telegraph, 30 January), who reports that: "Beginning sometime last year, American Hindus have mounted a spirited attack on the bastions of Indology in the North American universities" and believes: "The battle to reassess Indian heritage in keeping with the achievements of Indians involves a long haul. It will not be won by bans on offensive texts or McCarthy-ite purges of the infuriatingly perverse. It has to be fought with civility, argument, rigour and a sense of strategy."
Manu Dash, wondering: Feel-shame factor, anyone ? (The Statesman), noting: "Our country has time and again failed to stay true to its credential of tolerance."
Vaishnavi K. Sekhar finding: Historians rue attack on freedom of expression (The Times of India, 24 March), noting that: "The casualty of cultural censorship may be scholarship".

      (Note that in considering reactions in India we are limited to English-language material that is freely accessible via the Internet. It should be clear that this material may well not be representative of broader opinion, or even of media opinion. The Hindu and Marathi language press may well have responded entirely differently.)

      Bhalchandrarao C. Patvardhan and Amodini Bagwe's piece, James Laine's Controversial Book, published in this issue of the complete review Quarterly, offers a somewhat different perspective, focussing on what exactly it is about Laine's book that many find so upsetting.

      There has also been some coverage of these events on weblogs, most notably at Kitabkhana and Ryan's Lair (as well as at the Literary Saloon).
http://www.complete-review.com/quarterly/vol5/issue1/laine0.htm#intro

Unified command no solution to fight Naxals: Aiyar

Bringing to the fore the difference of perception within the Congress over tackling the Maoist problem, Congress MP Mani Shankar Aiyar on Thursday said the unified command of armed forces might not be the solution.
Asked his views on the unified command, Aiyar told mediapersons a unified command of participatory development of the poor tribal regions could be the answer to the problem. He was here after he returned from Bangladesh with a delegation that explored the possibility of business development between the two countries.
Asserting that better rail, road and port connectivity would ensure development in Bangladesh, West Bengal and Northeastern states, the MP said the proposal to construct a bridge on Padma river would develop direct railway connectivity with Dhaka and Kolkata. There was enough scope to develop connectivity between Kolkata, Haldia, Paradip port and Chittagong and Mangala port in Bangladesh which would help expand trade and business between the two countries.
Regarding BSF firing on the Bangladesh border, Aiyar said he would bring it to the notice of the Home Ministry as such acts result in casualties.

Rebel leader in Delhi for talks

- Muivah push for Pandey power boost

NISHIT DHOLABHAI

Muivah

New Delhi, July 16: NSCN (I-M) general secretary Thuingaleng Muivah wants more powers for Centre's interlocutor R.S. Pandey to accelerate the 13-year-old Naga peace talks.

The Naga rebel leader, who arrived here last night with at least eight deputies for the next round of peace talks, would like to meet Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and home minister P. Chidambaram to convey this request, among others, before the official dialogue begins.

"Their wish to meet the Prime Minister and the home minister has been conveyed," a home ministry source said.

Sources said the peace talks between the Centre's representative R.S. Pandey, home ministry officials and a nine-member delegation of the outfit could be held next week.

The last round of talks was held in Kohima on June 1 after the crisis triggered by the Manipur government's stand on not allowing Muivah to enter the state to visit his native village, Somdal.

Muivah had then expressed disappointment, even anger, at the Centre for not pressing Manipur chief minister Okram Ibobi Singh to allow him to visit Ukhrul. Sources said Muivah had shed his "anger" and cordial talks were expected with the government.

NSCN (Isak-Muivah) sources told The Telegraph that the group's primary task would be to get more powers for Pandey as he could not go beyond a point every time a dialogue was held with his inadequate mandate.

The outfit had accepted Pandey, a former chief secretary of Nagaland, as the Centre's interlocutor after former Union home secretary K. Padmanabhaiah took up another government assignment. Pandey had visited Nagaland as the Centre's interlocutor, along with home secretary G.K. Pillai, during the recent crisis.

This will be the first time the outfit's leaders will hold a dialogue with the Centre on the Naga peace process after the economic blockade in Manipur ended with the Centre's intervention.

During this round of talks, the Centre is certain to convey to the rebel group that its activities during the ceasefire should not affect inter-state relations.

There is a growing belief that the NSCN (I-M), with corresponding politicking from Manipur, has fomented communal feelings in the region.

Sections in the Union home ministry believe that the root cause of militancy in Manipur has been the Centre's engagement with the Naga rebels.

Militancy in the Meitei-dominated Imphal Valley gained momentum only in the late nineties after the NSCN (I-M) entered into a ceasefire and began talks with New Delhi.

Muivah has repeatedly refused to involve any Meitei group in the dialogue where his principal demand has been integration of Naga-inhabited areas in Manipur, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland under a single administrative unit.

The most violent of protests against this demand has been staged in Manipur, a fact that the Centre is wary of and one which affects both politics and security in the frontier state.

http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100717/jsp/frontpage/story_12694104.jsp

Opinions and Editorials

Me, myself and mining

IE - 05:38 AM
If you dozed off while being driven through the city of Bangalore, you could end up thinking you were in New Delhi, or Lucknow, depending on where your slumber breaks.

        View:         Headlines Only |         Include Summaries |         Include Photos

Wikipedia, growing local IE - 05:38 AM
The Internet, we know, is deeply skewed towards content in English and other languages of the global North.
Mixed views IE - 05:38 AM
Hype is synonymous with any official Indo-Pak engagement. So was the case before this week's foreign minister-level meeting. Expectations ran high in the beginning and tempers ran high towards the end.
July breakdown IE - 05:38 AM
July, it would seem, is the cruellest month for Indo-Pak diplomacy. External Affairs Minister S.M. Krishna's visit to Islamabad this week is bound to join the list of earlier fiascos in Agra (July 2001) and Sharm el-Sheikh (July 2009).
Community disservice IE - 05:38 AM
When T.J. Joseph, a lecturer in Kerala's Idukki district "paid with his hand" for purportedly insulting the Prophet in an exam paper he set, it drew the national spotlight to the Popular Front of India, an extremist Muslim organisation that specialises in such acts of brutality.
Silencing the moderate voice IE - 05:38 AM
The assassination of the moderate nationalist, secretary general of the Balochistan National Party-Mengal (BNP-M), Habib Jalib Baloch, in broad daylight in Quetta reflects what may be an emerging pattern in the conflict-ridden, largest but poorest province of Pakistan.
Learning to ask IE - 05:38 AM
In response to an article by Mandakini Devasher Surie ('Watching the watchdogs', IE July 10) and the editorial 'NGO non-governance' (IE, July 8).
State of despair IE - 05:38 AM
After the Lok Sabha elections in 2009 and again after the local body polls last May, one was left wondering how the Left Front government's writ would run in West Bengal thereon.
What you see ... is not what news TV tells you it is IE - 05:38 AM
First time on Indian television, Times Now said.
'Unlike India, the army protects the wildlife in our national parks. But we don't have a lot of money for tiger conservation' IE - Fri, Jul 16
2010 is the year which will see, for the first time, a number of international summits on the tiger, culminating in the first ever summit of head of states from tiger countries in Russia.
The red flag on top IE - Fri, Jul 16
Caretaker Prime Minister Madhav Nepal can easily mock his detractors from his own party as well as outside for their failure to form a national unity government.
Making money IE - Fri, Jul 16
Conscious of its growing weight in the world, the Indian rupee has now found a visual stand-in. A crafty combination of the Devanagari "Ra" and the Roman "R" without a spine, and slashed through the middle in the standard format, the new rupee symbol lives up to the difficult demand placed on it.
I act, so I am IE - Fri, Jul 16
The con artist Christophe Rocancourt deceived influential members of society into believing he was a French Rockefeller; but not as successfully as "Cassie Chadwick", at the end of the 19th century, posed as a daughter of Andrew Carnegie and obtained bank loans totalling some $10 to $20 million, although Rocancourt admitted to making almost $40 million from a lifetime of conn
Chief's apology IE - Fri, Jul 16
Mulayam Singh Yadav has sought the pardon of the "Muslim community" for associating with Kalyan Singh during the campaign for the 2009 Lok Sabha elections.
Kashmir: Crisis of Leadership IE - Fri, Jul 16
In a signed commentary on the situation in Kashmir in the daily Sahafat, published from Delhi, Mumbai, Lucknow and Dehradun, entitled "Back to Square One", its editor, Hasan Kamal wrote on July 12: "It is clearly seen that the present government and the Chief Minister, Omar Abdullah, have completely failed in keeping the situation in control.
Sign language IE - Fri, Jul 16
You might be tempted to ask: does the rupee really need a symbol? Or: is the sign any good? But neither of those is the right question.
Halfway to justice IE - Fri, Jul 16
Earlier this week, the Supreme Court passed orders on legislation in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu that provide for reservations in excess of 50 per cent in public employment and education.
Pakistan seem to make most of their 'home' Tests IE - Fri, Jul 16
This business of playing home matches away, (does that sound a bit like, say, vegetarian chicken tikka?) doesn't seem to be as bad as some might have imagined early on.
FE Editorial : More than a symbol FE - Fri, Jul 16
Once upon a time, we had no money. Many have called this our animal phase. Then, we came up with currencies. And then much later, we complemented some of them with symbols. As the number of countries grew, so did the number of currencies. And this phenomenon kept strengthening as trade leapfrogged across seas and continents to assume its current transnational dimension.
Column : Logomotive versus locomotive FE - Fri, Jul 16
In September 1938, James Taylor was deputy governor of RBI. We don't always notice it, but tucked away in one corner of currency notes is the RBI seal, with a tiger and a palm tree.

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Tribal people of Orissa



*The antiquity of Orissa is endorsed by her ancient people who continue to inhabit their traditional dwelling places in remote areas in the deep forests and hilly interiors. Steeped in the mystery that surrounds their ancient ways, the Orissan tribals continue to be a source of deep interest not only for anthropologists and sociologists but also for numerous tourists who flock to Orissa in search of the exotic mystique of this relatively unexplored state. Orissa has 62 distinct tribal groups, making it the largest collection of tribal people in a single state in the country. Each of these tribal groups has its own indigenous customs and continues to practice them even today. Orissa is home to India's ancient civilization and most of it is concentrated around the Eastern Ghat hill ranges in the region of Koraput, Sundargarh and Mayurbhanj. Many tourists do get to meet some of these tribal groups and see them in their natural habitat, though access to some tribal areas is still strictly restricted. But what the tourist manages to see, can be an experience that is both enriching and educative. The tribal economy is by and large based on activities around the jungles. Food gathering, hunting and fishing continue to be the main source of livelihood though some of the larger tribes such as the Santhals, Mundas and Gonds have become agriculturists. The Juang, Bhuyan, Bondo, Saora and Dharua tribes follow the shifting cultivation practice. The Koya tribals are cattle breeders while the Mohali and Lohara are simple artisans involved in basket weaving and tool making. The Santhal, Munda and Ho tribals have now also become involved in the mining and industrial belts of Orissa. Though their economy is a bit shaky, the Orissan tribals enjoy a rich and varied cultural heritage, the most powerful instance of this being in their music and dance which are as colourful as they are rhythmical. The cycle of life offers numerous reasons to celebrate and is done so with vigour and grace, either in the privacy of the family home or as a community activity. The changing seasons, religious customs and the traditional rhythms of superstitious belief are strong incentives for creating a string of festivals to augment their importance to the tribals. The Paraja tribe is primarily located in the Kalahandi and Koraput regions of Orissa. Their language is `Parij'. They worship numerous Gods and Goddesses who live in the hills and forests. They love dance and music during weddings. The Saora tribe is one of the most ancient and they are known for being marathon walkers, expert hunters and climbers. Personal hygiene is of intense importance to them. The Bondos are fiercely independent and aggressive, and continue to practice the barter system of exchanging produce from their fields for their daily needs. Bondo women prefer to marry younger men because they can have someone who will earn for them in their old age. The Gonds are the warrior caste who have travelled the vast tracts of central and south India. The Oraon tribals are economically better placed because of their more progressive ways and interaction with the modern world, in the field of agriculture. An Oraon marriage partner can contest for divorce on the grounds of not only adultery but also for bad temper and laziness.

'Possible to live without food, water'

Updated on Saturday, July 17, 2010, 20:51 IST

Tags: Prahlad Jani, Food, Water

Ahmedabad: The Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS) has found few facts corroborating the claim of Prahlad Jani, the 82-year-old miracle man from Gujarat, "of living without food and water for more than seven decades."

DIPAS, in an update posted on its website on the observational study of Jani, done here at Sterling hospital stated, "It is hypothesized that Prahlad Jani has some extreme form of adaptation to starvation and water restrictions."

"Cell biology studies have shown that the peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibit more tolerance to stress," it further said.

The institute has now planned further studies for random observation at Jani's place of residence over a period of time.

Prahlad Jani, popular as Mataji in Gujarat, was subject of fortnight study (between April 22 and May 6) conducted jointly by DIPAS and Sterling Hospital, along with Prof Anil K Gupta of SRISTI, to understand this paradoxical phenomenon.

PTI

US money transfer firms explore new routes in Asia

17 Jul 2010, 1950 hrs IST,REUTERS
BANGALORE: Asia, with its large migrant population, promises a huge growth market for US payment service firms, but for pure-play companies like Western Union and MoneyGram International, that's not the end.

They are busy looking for newer avenues ranging from domestic services to mobile transfers as they try and win more customer confidence, even though informal channels rampant in the region pose a big challenge.

That Asian countries are major recipients of remittances is no secret, but apart from inter-continental transfers, the domestic market within Asia, especially in the southeast, is also opening up as more people cross borders within the region for education and in search of jobs.

"We are increasingly seeing growth in outbound transactions within Asia-Pacific (APAC) as more Asians migrate within Asia," said Drina Yue, Western Union's senior vice president for Asia Pacific.

Western Union has already launched domestic transfer operations in the Philippines and Indonesia, while MoneyGram is looking at the region more closely. These companies also see opportunity in Malaysia -- the largest sending market in Asia -- home to a big population of Indonesians, Vietnamese and Bangladeshis.

Countries like India and China have been the top remittance receivers for some years now, but government regulations forbid the companies from operating on a domestic basis.

However, MoneyGram CEO Pamela Patsley said there is a great opportunity in the money transfer market within Indian states.

"Today we are not allowed to do that but (it) may become an important aspect going forward," Patsley said.

If it becomes a reality, the companies may find some competition from banks' online money transfer that come at no cost. But they are also targeting a vast number of people who don't have bank accounts.

The World Bank report also forecast remittance flows to developing countries to rise by 6.2 percent in 2010 and 7.1 percent in 2011, led by Asia. They dropped 6 percent to $316 billion in 2009.

INFORMAL CHANNELS

As they tap the APAC region, money transfer companies not only have to fight themselves, but also against informal transfer systems that have their own loyal followers.

Money transfer companies have a widespread network across the world, but higher fees and lesser paper work tend to encourage flow of money through informal channels like hawala network, World Bank's lead economist Dilip Ratha told Reuters.

"If you want to send money to a village in Pakistan, it is very difficult to find formal operators who can do that, whereas Hawala dealers can find ways to make that happen," World Bank's Ratha said.

Hawala, a system largely based on word of mouth and honor, tends to bypass legal scrutiny as no formal documents are required, and the system has been often accused of channeling illicit money and funding insurgency in some cases.

"That's a huge white space on the paper, all the informal channels," MoneyGram's Patsley said.

The companies are in talks with governments to look for ways to provide a viable alternative to hawala, which has been defined as "money transfer without money movement" by Interpol, the international police agency.

"We want to show them (governments) that allowing companies like Western Union to provide easy access; time convenient service is the best way to combat informal channels," Patsley said.

GOING MOBILE

Money transfers are set to see a jump as global markets find their feet and once-stagnated job markets open up.

Fresh framework for broadband

17 Jul 2010, 0510 hrs IST,Rekha Jain,

Recognising the positive effects of broadband — viewed as an integral and basic part of national infrastructure — on economic growth, several developed countries have focused on policy measures to accelerate its growth and penetration and included it as an area for fiscal stimulus. For example, in the US, the broadband stimulus provisions of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 allocates $7.2 billion.

Only $4.7 billion is being routed as grant through the National Telecommunication and Information Administration — the executive branch that advises US president on telecommunications and information policies — as grant for the Broadband Technology Opportunities Program. The remaining $2.5 billion is in grants and loans to the user department , in this case the US Department of Agriculture/Rural Utilities Services Broadband Initiatives Program to accelerate broadband deployment in unserved and underserved areas.

Similarly, as a part of its stimulus package , Australia has launched its National Broadband Network Initiative: the largest infrastructure project in Australian history, with an eight-year rollout and a projected cost of A$43 billion. Sweden, Japan and Austria have similar programmes . In these cases, broadband has been seen as an integral part of the national infrastructure. Most of these plans seek to accelerate the linkages between existing networks and faster fixed-line backbones comprising the next-generation networks.

Broadband initiatives are seen not only as contributing to job creation but also to productive efficiency of all sectors of the economy. In the case of developing countries, and similar to the effect of telecom on growth, the effect of broadband is stronger than in developed ones and is more pronounced than that of mobile and Internet. Such effects become even more significant, once a critical mass of users is reached.

The growing gap between developing and developed countries, not only in terms of mobile coverage but also broadband penetration that indicates an increasing gap in potential for economic growth, should be a cause of concern to national policymakers and regulators.

For example, broadband density in industrialised countries exceeded 25%, whereas in China, Malaysia and India it was 5.1%, 4.6% and 0.3% respectively. An additional dimension of this disparity is the huge differences between the metros , urban and rural areas, especially in developing countries. And these differences are increasing. In the last 10 years, the difference between rural and urban teledensity worsened significantly, from 6.3% on March 31, 1999, to 89.7% on December 31, 2009, as the latest Trai data on Performance Indicators shows.

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/comments--analysis/Fresh-framework-for-broadband/articleshow/6178831.cms

Mirth Vader

Anand Ramachandran discovers the power of the light side

BY ANAND RAMACHANDRAN

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Scientific inventions for everyone

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July 17, 2010
That great scientific and philosophical mind, Sir Francis Bacon, way back in the seventeenth century, opined that all scientific knowledge must be put to use for the greater good of humankind. While we have to acknowledge that he was probably a corrupt old bean, and dressed funny, it cannot be disputed that in making this statement, he was spot on. What is the use of all this fancy-schmancy science if, in the end, it does not benefit us all?
Yet our governments and scientists continue to pour their efforts into obscure, esoteric and mostly useless disciplines that have no discernible positive impact on the common man's life. For instance, we recently celebrated, like so many delirious parakeets, the discovery of water on the moon. The moon? Seriously? This is like a starving man in Gobichettipalayam, Tamil Nadu celebrating wildly on learning that there is some leftover pizza in somebody's house in Italy. Worse - said starving man could theoretically get to Italy, but no way in hell is he ever making it to the moon.
It costs us so much to send out a space probe to the moon (or Mars. or the planet Stroggos.) that it wouldn't matter a duck if it were to discover whisky. This is a colossal waste of money, and a criminal distraction of the world's finest minds, who should be working on more useful and productive stuff. It's like a farmer purchasing a pair of fine, strong oxen, and then entering them in beauty contests instead of using them to plough the field. The oxen might even win (look at the standard of beauty contests today), but it doesn't really help the farm.
Since I've always got mankind's best interests at heart, let me make a few suggestions regarding where our scientific research budgets should be focused.
A solution to the mosquito problem: While our scientists are busy futzing about in the vast reaches of outer space, these little yet deadly creatures are busy wreaking havoc right here on earth. They kill huge numbers of people every year, and, even worse, they give you a nasty itch. Surely, if more funds were devoted to solving this problem, we could easily annihilate them? I have an idea - why not use genetic engineering to create a super-breed of killer cannibal mosquitoes that feed only on other mosquitoes? That way, they'd eat all the normal mosquitoes, and then, with nothing left to feed on, they'd starve to death. Mosquitoes all gone. Elegant.
Pressure-sealed jam bottles that can be opened by people who aren't Prem Chand Degra: Seriously? What's with those bottles? The ones you are supposed to twist off sharply to open? These devilish contraptions cause untold hurt and mental agony to millions of people, who struggle for minutes trying to twist the lids off, only to have them easily opened by some smug jerk who lands up at the right moment, when it's about to come off anyway thanks to the efforts of all the previous people who had a go. The usual lecture on technique, strength and overall awesomeness (delivered in invariably mocking tones) that follows is one of the scourges of modern civilization, having nipped many budding romances in the . . er . . .bud. Better jam bottles for everyone.
A system to predict sports results: If a stupid octopus can get it right, it can't be that hard for our finest mathematical minds to figure out a foolproof way to predict the outcomes of sporting events? Think of the benefits. Irate groups of moronic fans can start burning effigies and stoning players' houses even before the match begins - giving them more time to plan things out. Clueless TV panelists can conduct the post-match analysis at a convenient evening slot, even if the game is to be televised in the wee hours of the morning. In fact, sports bodies can entirely avoid actually organising the games altogether, and merely publish the results in advance - huge savings. Suresh Kalmadi would wholeheartedly approve. In fact, I'd suggest that Mr. Kalmadi provide the seed fund for this project, if not for his recently demonstrated skills in not being able to raise funds.
Products that prevent their owners from acting like douchebags: It can't be that hard to make car horns that deliver an electric shock to the driver if used incessantly in a traffic jam. Or a cell-phone that heats up to red-hot temperatures if used in a movie hall or auditorium. Or whisky that begins to taste like complan if the drinker starts misbehaving with a member of the opposite sex. Or a necktie that chokes its wearer if the latter happens to be Arnab Goswami. Or a deodorant that, by osmosis, transfers itself onto all those smelly people on the bus, who need it far more than you do. The possibilities are as utilitarian as they are endless.
See? There's a host of ways that scientific research and invention can be used to actually help people, instead of just generating pointless knowledge that has no application outside of quizzes and possibly the Discovery Channel. It's very interesting to learn that the planet Jupiter is primarily composed of hydrogen, but most of us can live without knowing this, especially if it's costing us several crores to maintain an elaborate set-up that generates such interesting but pointless facts.
Considering that much of our tax money goes into funding the government's hare-brained research programmes, it's only fair that we start demanding that they stop meddling about with frivolous things like launching satellites that plunge into the ocean, researching obscure animal husbandry practices and rinderpest eradication, and get cracking on stuff we really care about. Like cutlet flavoured ice-cream, for a start.
Anand Ramachandran is a writer, comics creator and videogame designer who works when he isn't playing some game with an 'of' in its name. He blogs here and tweets here.
More from Anand Ramachandran
The Case For Genetically Modified People
The legalization of corruption
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Mass Drill and the Chinese Invasion
Indian Television = Indian Culture
Previous Columns
Jai Arjun Singh -- Memories of Master Mayur
Amit Varma -- The Beautiful Game of Poker
Deepak Shenoy -- The Art of Picking Stocks
Ashok Malik -- The Kashmir Question
Girish Shahane -- Why India Sucks at Football
Aadisht Khanna -- The Asskicking Auntie and Cultural Imperialism
Sanjay Sipahimalani -- Don, Emma and the Risks of Reading
Nitin Pai -- Playing the energy game against China
http://in.news.yahoo.com/columnist/anand_ramachandran/6/scientific-inventions-for-everyone


Home / Introduction / Wildlife / Tribal People / Tour Enquiry / Feedback / CEO's Page / Tours / FAQs / E-mail us

I call them my indigenous people Gonds, Kols, Bhills, Murias, Baigas, Korkus, Kamaras, Marias and Oraons. They have preserved very remarkably their distinct way of life in small isolated communities.

Traditionally, the tribal were semi-nomadic, some living solely off what they could hunt, others relying on shifting cultivation. Most have now been settled, many it would seem as unhappily as the Australian aborigines, country liquor and drug dependency are said to be common among the men. Many cling to their older beliefs, such as buying there dead, rather than burning them according to Hindu tradition.

In the last hundred years the Baigas, have been forced to abandon shifting cultivation (the burning of forest strips and sowing of seeds in the ashes, the cultivation of crops for a few years on this land and its abandonment for regeneration) and to move from this axe and hoe agriculture to the plough.

Over the centuries, tribal territory has gradually been nibbled away, and every where their way of life is under threat. The Gonds, the largest of the tribes, managed to maintain their independence and retain their so- called 'primitive' ways until the last century. From 1200 A D there were as many as 4 Gond Kingdoms .One had an initiation ceremony centered on eating wild orchids. Today one of the biggest threats to the tribal comes from that symbol of modernization, irrigation dams. The proposed building of a succession of dams across the Narmada River in southern MP threatens hundreds of thousands of hectares of tribal forest land . Loud political protests are a feature of the states current politics.

Tribal culture & tradition
Many of the tribal traditions in the state are still vital and strong, although they have been exposed in varying degrees to outside cultural influences. A great deal tribal traditions, especially mythology and folklore, have been preserved , though they have been exposed to out side culture influences . The Pondwani and the Lachmanjati legends are the Gond equivalents of the Mahabharat and Ramayana.

The Bards of the Gond continue to sing of the legendary deeds of Lingo-pen, the mythical originator of the Gond tribe. All tribe retain myths and legends regarding their origins, and they have songs for the ceremonies of birth and marriage, together with folktales, riddles, and proverbs illustrating their culture heritage.

Gonds in Bastar remain perhaps the least in contact with the world outside due to the remoteness and ruggedness of the terrain. The institution of Ghotul at Abujmarh- a dormitory for the unmarried teenagers to live together, select their mate and gain valuable experience to set up their own household-has attracted considerable scholarly attention.

A Marriage Procession. Similarly, the Bhagoriya festival at the time of Holi, the festival of colours, in the Jhabua region cannot be compared with any other celebration. Bhil youths indulge in colourful frolic excited by the prospects of meeting their future spouse. If some maiden strikes the prospective groom's fancy, all he has to do is to offer a betel leaf to the girl. If she accepts, the two elope in the time honoured tradition to set up their house together.

The marriage can be solemnized subsequently. Incidentally the word bhagoriya may be literally translated as elopers.


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Home / Khajuraho Temples / Tour Enquiry / Tribal Fairs & Festivals / Spiritual Enlightenment / Tours / Tour Booking Lalgarh Movement – Mass uprising of adivasis in West Bengal June 28, 2009 http://sanhati.com/front-page/1083/ More pictures here » A young rebel The assembly of women The women rebels Background material Jan 11 2010: A year of Lalgarh - Partho Sarathi Ray Nov 2008: Background article on Lalgarh movement by Partho Sarathi Ray Dec 2008: An introductory article on Lalgarh by Koustav De from Monthly Review Chronological progression Feb 23 2010: The Silda attack: Understanding the role of the EFR camp in reoccupation strategies Feb 23 2010: Lalmohan Tudu and two others murdered by CRPF Jan 11 2010: Lalgarh - An account from Forum Against Monopolistic Aggression (FAMA) [PDF, Bengali] » Oct 27 2009: The Sankrail episode: The story of the arrested women Oct 27: Debates on Lalgarh: Sujato Bhadra, Kishenji, Amit Bhattacharya Oct 8: Statement of Mahashweta Devi and other intellectuals on the comments of the Home Minister characterizing all dissent as Maoist [PDF, Bengali] » Oct 6: Arrests begin in Kolkata: Sanhati statement Oct 6: Statement on the arrest of Chhatradhar Mahato by Radical Socialist Sept 28: Condemnation of Chhatradhar Mahato's arrest by organizations and individuals Sept 27: Statement on Lalgarh by the writers and the intellectuals of West Bengal, who stood by the Movements in Singur & Nandigram Sept 8: Encounter deaths, custodial beatings of PSBJC members , and the lajja-bisarjan protest August 15: A history of Lalgarh between June 24 - August 1 2009 - Amit Bhattacharya July 29: APDR documents on Lalgarh: Press release on human rights violations of counter-insurgency forces [PDF, English] » July 10: The unknown Binayak Sens of The House of Dreams July 10: Healthcare issues in Lalgarh: 40 kg weight at full-term pregnancy July 10: EPW articles on Lalgarh. Editorial piece: Lalgarh - Questions to the Left [PDF, English] », Sumit sarkar and Tanika Sarkar: Notes on a dying people [PDF English] », Monika Bora, Budhaditya Das: The Movement in Lalgarh [PDF English] » July 10: MKP activists stopped from reaching Lalgarh July 10: Anuj Pandey - the rise of a rogue July 7: Amlashol: Unkept promises of development and lessons for Lalgarh July 3: Medha Patkar, Gopal Menon and others arrested in Lalgarh: CRPP statement for release July 3: Lalgarh: An interim balance sheet - Dipanjan Rai Chaudhuri June 30: From Meena Sardar in 2001, to the quartz mines at Chechurgeria, to Binpur where people die at 40 - Sankar Ray June 30: Half-naked inhabitants against elite forces: Being reminded of Vietnam [PDF, Bengali] - Dipanjan Rai Chaudhuri June 30: Spraying dye from helicopters: how to recognise a Maoist - Amit Bhattacharya June 29: (1) Operation Lalgarh: cobras, satellites, spies (2) Fact-finding team on Lalgarh arrested: CRPP statement (3) Reactions to Lalgarh in Telugu media (4) Police atrocities continue (5) Santhali scholar quits post over Lalgarh (6) Security-centric approach cannot resolve Lalgarh conflict - Sujato Bhadro June 27: Fanshen in Lalgarh: A history of the crucial days between June 5 - June 22 - Amit Bhattacharya June 25: Guns, at every twist and turn June 24: Lalgarh: an analysis of the media's war hysteria - Partho Sarathi Ray, Sanhati June 24: Statements from CPIML(Liberation), PUDR, Chhatradhar Mahato, Kannabiran, and Delhi intellectuals June 22: The Maoist "Problem" and the Democratic Left in India - Saroj Giri June 22: CPI(M) vs CPI(M) - Pothik Ghosh June 22: Beneath sari, brutal scars: Emerging stories of 20,000 refugees June 22: Cops Force Locals To Look For IEDs June 22: Programs in solidarity with Lalgarh June 22: Government wakes up to think of welfare measures June 22: Amnesty International on Lalgarh June 22: Koraput headed the Lalgarh way? June 20: People's Committee against Police Atrocities vows to fight until death June 20: Dealing with bow and arrow - Latha Jishnu June 19: Maoism in India: Panic or Panacea? - Nandini Chandra June 17: Report of fact-finding team from JNU on the eve of Lalgarh violence June 16: Statement from Sanhati on recent developments June 16: CRPF arrives in Lalgarh, govt seeks more force June 16: Tribals take control of Lalgarh May 31: Hard times in Bleak Houses: How the women in Lalgarh eke out a living May 3: 5000 villagers raze govt building in Salboni to keep cops out April 25: A Brief Report on the Adivasi Rally on April 24 at the heart of Kolkata - Koustav De, Sanhati April 22: Lalgarh agrees to elections on its own terms April 12: Report of the All-India Fact-Finding Team on Lalgarh April 12: Lalgarh movement: building infrastructure in the face of government apathy and terror - Koustav De. Journal April 12: Funds misuse at the root of Adivasi stir: Bankura DM April 12: Police and Harmad Vahini try to enter Lalgarh - a factfinding report April 7: Armed Lalgarh adivasis descend on Kolkata Violence imminent in Lalgarh over pretext of holding elections - Koustav De Purulia tribals march in solidarity with Lalgarh March 23 - April 3: Lalgarh people decide to boycott General Elections Mar 21 2009: Gorkhaland and Lalgarh: dialogues, parallels, and a challenge to mainstream parties Lalgarh movement faces State terror - Koustav De Feb 5: Police camp shift demanded by tribals Feb 2: Violence in Lalgarh - overtones of a Salwa Judum style conflict? - Partho Sarathi Ray Jan 29: Lalgarh and a basic problematic of people's movements - Dipanjan Rai Chaudhuri Jan 26, 2009: Member of the People's Committee killed while having tea Jan 23, 2009: An open letter to the rebels of Lalgarh from Shramik Sangram Committee [PDF, Bengali] » Jan 12, 2009: Damages announced for Lalgarh women - The Telegraph Jan 8, 2009: Tribals continue to boycott administration in Lalgarh - Expressindia Dec 19: Police back in Lalgarh, so are protests - The Statesman Dec 14: Lalgarh: probing the scale-down of the revolt and the need of the hour - Partho Sarathi Ray Dec 7: Lalgarh blockade stopped - The Statesman Dec 4: Ominous developments: impending two-pronged attack of the police and the CPI(M - Partho Sarathi Ray Dec 4: Lalgarh: A leaflet from Shramik Sangram Committee [PDF, Bengali] >> Dec 2: Lalgarh - nature of the movement, facets of impoverishment, bid for power, and the future - Dipanjan Rai Chaudhuri Nov 30: Novel methods of participatory democracy and gender equality in Lalgarh; tribals elsewhere stand up; development issues resonate - Partho Sarathi Ray Nov 27: Indian Tribes after Sixty Years - A study by Walter Fernandes Nov 26: Agitation spreads to Birbhum - The Statesman Nov 25: We talk of patricipatory democracy, Lalgarh is practising it - Sumit Chowdhury Nov 23: The Charter of Demands, as circulated by the Peoples Committee Against Police Oppression - Suvarup Saha Nov 23: Pictures from Dalilpur Chowk Nov 20,22: Violence in Bankura; venue of negotiations under contention - Mainstream media reports Nov 19: Mass meetings in Belpahari and Chakadoba; movement spreads despite negotiations - Partho Sarathi Ray Nov 18: Uprising spreads further, supported by migrant adivasis; CPIM stokes Bengali regionalist sentiments - Partho Sarathi Ray Nov 16: Peoples Committee Against Police Oppression formed, uprising spreads near Garbeta - Partho Sarathi Ray Nov 15: Spins of the corporate media, and the true story of Chotopeliya village - Partho Sarathi Ray Nov 15: Some reports from mainstream media Nov 14: Movement spreads to Midnapur, Jhargram cut off - Partho Sarathi Ray Nov 13: Background of the movement - Partho Sarathi Ray. ************************* Statement from Sanhati on recent developments** June 16, 2009 From the very inception of the adivasi-moolvasi people's movement, led by the Peoples' Committee Against Police Atrocities, in Lalgarh and the entire jangalmahal region of West Bengal, we have expressed our solidarity with their struggle for dignity and the right to be free from state terror in their daily life. The political development in that region has received widespread support and also inspired people across the country. Having challenged the usual manner in which state machinery functions, the people have had to face the terror unleashed on the movement by the private militia ("harmads") organised by the ruling CPI(Marxist). Such attacks have been strongly condemned by us, along with other political platforms. We feel that the Lalgarh movement has been historic in form and content and we will continue to support it in every possible way. We are very concerned about the incidents over the past few days, in which a rally of the Peoples' Committee Against Police Atrocities was fired upon by gunmen allegedly belonging to CPI(M) harmads near the village of Dharmapur. As usual, the front ranks of the rally had women in large numbers, who became the targets of this attack. The rallyists retreated, but thereafter regrouped again and retaliated, resulting in the death of a number of CPI(M) cadres. After this attack by alleged CPI(M) cadres, there has been a spontaneous outburst of popular anger which has resulted in the torching of a CPI(M) party office, CPI(M) leaders have fled from the area, and the police have vacated the three camps near Lalgarh which they had reoccupied. We think that the state might take this opportunity to send in paramilitary forces into the area in the pretext of combating the squads of CPI(Maoist) who are being accused to be behind this unrest. The corporate press is also paving the way for such intervention by the state by representing this peoples' movement as a front of the Maoists and crying hoarse about the absence of "state control" in the area. We condemn any moves to send in paramilitary forces into the area to let lose a reign of repression on the adivasi-moolvasi people of Lalgarh. However, we have also been alarmed by incidents in the recent past where some purported CPI(M) supporters in the area have been murdered or inhumanly attacked, allegedly by squads of the CPI(Maoist). We condemn these acts of violence - we feel that such actions are counter-productive for the growth and sustenance of the movement, which itself is directed against state-sponsored violence and which probably has origins in the years of organisational work done by these radical left organisations in the jangalmahal area. We strongly feel that any organisation or group involved in these incidents should refrain from such acts and owe an explanation to the people regarding why such acts were committed. The recent parliamentary election has resulted in the formation of a central government which is allied to neoliberal interests. Therefore, there is every possibility that more and more anti-people policies will be enacted and thereafter enforced on the common people. This would require increased and widespread mass resistances through alliances of people from different segments of the society. Such a situation necessitates continuous dialogues among different streams of radical left and other democratic voices and evolving programmes, which are inclusive of all forms of struggles, through a process of debate and discussion - we remain committed to this process. Go to top ************************* Nov 13, 2008: Background of the movement By Partho Sarathi Ray, Sanhati. The events that have been happening during the last one week in the adivasi (tribal) belt of West Midnapur district in West Bengal are so unprecedented that the authorities do not know how to respond to them, and the media doesn't understand their significance. Even the political parties and civil society are at a loss trying to come to terms with what is happening. What had started off as protests against police brutalities in Lalgarh have turned into a full scale uprising against state oppression and dispossession. Nothing like this has been witnessed in West Bengal in living memory. The entire chain of events started after the 2nd November land mine explosion targeting the convoy of West Bengal chief minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee and union steel and mines minister Ram Vilas Paswan as they were returning from the inauguration of the Jindal Steel Works special economic zone (SEZ) in Salboni in West Midnapore district. Around 5000 acres of land have been acquired for this project, of which 4500 acres have been handed over by the government and 500 acres have been purchased directly by Jindal from landowners. Reportedly, a large portion of this land was vested with the government for distribution amongst landless tribals as part of the land reforms program and also included tracts of forests. Moreover, although the land was originally acquired for a "usual" steel plant, last September Jindal got SEZ status for the project, with active help from the state government, which dispensed with the requirement for following most regulations for building and running the plant, including crucial requirements such as doing an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The government was, and is, not bothered about the setting up of an SEZ having a polluting steel plant in the middle of a forested area, dispossessing tribals from their land and endangering their means of survival. Understandably, there were major grievances amongst the tribals against this, although the mainstream media had constantly portrayed a very rosy picture of the entire project. The land mine explosion was blamed as usual on the Maoist insurgents allegedly active for a long time in Salboni and the adjacent Lalgarh area. According to press reports, the Maoist movement is active in twelve police station areas in the three adjoining districts of West Midnapur, Bankura and Purulia. Three junior-level policemen were suspended and show-cause notices were served on a few senior officers for negligence of duty. Usually, the police harass and arrest tribal villagers after every Maoist attack; this time in order to hide their own failure in providing security to its political masters, and to save their skin from the wrath of the government, the police went on a rampage in the tribal villages. Having no clue about the real perpetrators of the land mine explosion, they started beating up and arresting people indiscriminately. Among the first to be arrested were three teenage students, Aben Murmu, Gautam Patra and Buddhadeb Patra, who were returning from a village festival during the night. They were charged with sundry charges including waging war against the state, conspiracy, attempt to murder, using dangerous weapons and obstructing justice. Then during the day on 4th November, an armed police party arrested Dipak Pratihar of Kantapahari village while he was buying medicine from a chemist's shop in Lalgarh for his pregnant wife Lakshmi. In the process the police brutally beat up Lakshmi and threw her to the ground. She had to be subsequently hospitalized. Ten people were arrested during the police raids and beaten up, including a retired teacher Khsamananda Mahato and a civil contractor Shamsher Alam from Chotopeliya village, who was visiting the area for a day for some construction work. Although these two people were subsequently released, as the police could not formulate any charges against them, the rest were kept in police custody. The police and CRPF, led by the officer in charge of Lalgarh police station, Sandeep Sinha Roy and the superintendent of police of West Midnapore district, Rajesh Singh, unleashed a reign of terror in 35 villages encompassing the entire tribal belt of Lalgarh. In raids throughout the night of November 6th, women were brutally kicked and beaten up with lathis and butts of guns. Among the injured, Chitamani Murmu, one of whose eyes was hit by a gun butt, and Panamani Hansda, who was kicked on her chest and suffered multiple fractures, had to hospitalized. Chitamani's lost her eye because of the injury. Eight other women were badly wounded. These police brutalities soon reached a point where the adivasis had no other option but to rise up in revolt. The adivasis of India are one of the most oppressed and downtrodden groups of people in the country. Police oppression is nothing new to the Santhal adivasis of the Bankura-Purulia-Midnapore area. But the unprecedented atrocities inflicted by the police in the past week, especially the wanton attack on women, wore out their patience. On the night of 6th November they assembled near the Lalgarh police station and surrounded it, effectively cutting it off, and the policemen inside, who had been rampaging in villages the previous night but had now locked themselves inside the police station, did not dare to venture out. Electricity to the police station was disconnected and all the lights were broken. What began as rumblings of protest took the shape of a spontaneous mass uprising the next day. On 7th November, when the ruling CPI(Marxist) was "observing" the anniversary of the Bolshevik revolution throughout West Bengal, ten thousand Santhal men and women, armed with traditional weapons, came out and obstructed the roads leading to Lalgarh, disconnecting it from Midnapur and Bankura. Roads were dug up and tree trunks were placed on the road to obstruct the entry of police vehicles, in the same way as it had been done in Nandigram. The police jeep and the CPI(M) motorcycle have long been symbols of oppression and terror for villagers throughout West Bengal, so this digging up of roads, besides actually inhibiting the movements of these agents of oppression, have become a symbol of defiance and liberation. Towards the night of 7th November, the people also disconnected telephone and electricity lines, virtually converting a vast area into a liberated zone. The apex social organization of the Santhals, the Bharat Jakat Majhi Madwa Juan Gaonta took up the leadership of the struggle, although the leader of the organization, the "Disham Majhi" Nityananda Hembram has himself admitted that the organization has no control over the movement; rather the movement is controlling the organization. Smaller organizations of the tribals, such as the Kherwal Jumit Gaonta, that have been playing active roles in the struggle have openly called for armed resistance, stating that there is no other way for the survival of the adivasis. The demands of the adivasis were so "earthy" and original that the administration did not know how to respond. The demands were that the superintendent of police Rajesh Singh should publicly apologize by holding his ears and doing sit-ups, a traditional way of punishing errant youngsters, the guilty policemen should crawl on the streets of the villages where they had tortured people, rubbing their noses on the ground, again another traditional way of humiliating wrongdoers, and Rs 200,000 compensation for the injured and assaulted. The demands were marked by the total reliance of the adivasis on their traditional systems of dispensing justice, and not looking up to the formal judicial process which they have realized is by nature weighted against the poor and marginalized. Although these demands have since been modified to an unconditional oral apology from the police superintendent and punishment for the policemen involved in the raids, the administration has arrogantly refused to accept these demands, although they have said that the demand of compensation can be considered. However, the adivasis have been in no mood to accept this "offer" and the upsurge has spread over an even wider area encompassing Dahijuri, Binpur, Jhargram and Bandowan. The administration has virtually disappeared from these areas. On 10th November, adivasis led by the tribal social organizations set up new roadblocks in the Dahijuri area. When the police lathicharged the assembled people and arrested some of the leaders of the Gaontas, the situation turned explosive. The tribals surrounded the police officials present and a crowd of few thousand adivasis, armed with bows and arrows, axes and daggers, and led by women wielding broomsticks, chased the police for four kilometers along the road leading to Jhargram. The police were forced to retreat from the area and release all the leaders of the social organizations they had arrested. The movement has been continually intensifying during the past week and spreading over a larger area. The slogans emanating from the movement have also been changing and now the adivasis are demanding that the dispossession of tribals from their land, forests and water in the name of development and industrialization has to stop. The struggle against state oppression is turning into a bigger struggle against dispossession and marginalization. The state has been helpless in front of this upsurge and has been trying to "negotiate" with the tribals. But what has been frustrating their efforts is the essentially democratic nature of this upsurge. Although the administration has been holding multiple all-party meetings with the dominant political parties, CPI(M), Trinamool Congress, Congress and the Jharkhand Party, the leaders of these parties have openly admitted to their inability to exert any influence on the adivasis. The adivasis are not letting any political leaders access to the movement, including tribal leaders like Chunibala Hansda, the Jharkhand Party (Naren faction) MLA from Binpur. They are demanding that any negotiations be carried out in the open rather than behind closed doors. Even traditional leaders like the "Disham Majhi" Nityananda Hembram and other "majhis" are having to talk directly with the adivasis before talking to the administration. Villagers of the ten villages in Lalgarh have formed ten village committees with one coordinating committee to negotiate with the administration. This democratic nature of the upsurge have frustrated all attempts by the administration to "control" the movement till now, and have forced the political parties like the local Trinamool Congress to come out in support, although the state leadership of the party is strangely silent about it. The state and the CPI(M) have not dared to respond with overt violence yet, although there are news that a motorbike-borne militia is being assembled nearby by Sushanta Ghosh, the notorious CPI(M) minister and Dipak Sarkar, the CPI(M) district secretary. The state has been forced to accede to the bail of the three teenage students arrested by the police and have also send Sandeep Sinha Roy, the notorious O.C of Lalgarh police station, on extended leave. There are also reports that, being unable to quell the resistance, the state government has requested the central government to send paramilitary forces to help in their efforts. What we are witnessing in the tribal belt of West Bengal is of historical moment. A long oppressed people have risen up and are daring to confront their oppressors and question the logic of "development" that destroys their lives and livelihoods. It is interesting to observe that the nature of confrontation with the state, exceptional in scale and intensity, seems to be inspired by the popular resistance at Nandigram - thereby, providing some sort of continuity to the possibilty of an emerging people's struggles against state repression. The West Bengal government has been alleging that the movement is being organized and led by the Maoists, and that the Lalgarh area has become a "liberated zone" for them. These are common ploys used by the CPI(M), the government and its sympathisers to brand and delegitimize popular movements. The mainstream media, a faithful ally of the state in such matters, has been repeating the same allegations and lamenting that such acts, which are being dubbed anarchic in nature, has resulted in the breakdown of civil authority. In this manner, attempts are being made to dissociate the urban civil society and intelligentsia from the movement, who have not yet been able to formulate a response to the upsurge. Moreover, using such rhetoric, the state is perhaps also trying to legitimize whatever steps it wishes to adopt in overcoming the resistance. It is quite expected that radical political forces would have been active among the adivasis as the latter have been the most downtrodden people in India and it is their land and resources which is being handed over for corporate plunder. However the presence and participation of the Maoists or similar forces in no way delegitimizes this seemingly spontaneous, and democratic, expression of people's anger. This is amply expressed by what Arati Murmu, a woman who had been assaulted by the police, and who had gone to block the Lalgarh police station had to say: "Whenever there is a Maoist attack the police raid our villages and torture our women and children. For how long will we suffer this oppression by the police? All of us are Maoists, let the police arrest us. Today we have come out." Go to top **************** Nov 14: Movement spreads to Midnapur, Jhargram cut off By Partho Sarathi Ray, Sanhati Yesterday the movement spread to Jhargram town in one direction and crossed over from the Jhargram subdivision, where the movement has been continuing for the past week, to the Midnapore sub division. Jhargram town has been disconnected from the rest of the state. On the other hand, roads have been dug up 4 km away from Midnapore town. Yesterday, leaders of the Bharat Majhi Madwa, Prabir Murmu and Munshiram Murmu, had been talking to the administration and at the end of the day they said that the movement would be withdrawn from Jhargram. But as soon as they went back to the protesters, the latter declined to withdraw the movement. Munshiram Murmu was reportedly roughed up by the protesters. As a result, they made a volte face and declared that the movement will continue. The Bharat Majhi Madwa has again stated that they have no control over the movement. Yesterday, to complement the traditional show of force by the santhal villagers, the Santhal Students' Association took out a motorbike rally in Jhargram town. Also, the latest news say that the centre has declined to send the CRPF because of the impending assembly election in 4 states. Go to top **************** Nov 15, 2008: Some reports from mainstream media** Report from The Telegraph A new team of tribals from Lalgarh told district authorities today that the government would have to pay a compensation of Rs 2 lakh to each villager injured in police raids and searches should be stopped from 5pm to 6am. The delegation of the Pulishi Santrash Birodhi Jonosadharoner Committee (panel to protest police atrocities) was led by its secretary, Sidhu Soren. The committee was formed last night after villagers accused the Bharat Jakat Majhi Marwa, a group of elders negotiating with the officials till now, of "betraying the tribal cause". The panel put forward a list of 11 demands. The elders had wanted compensation earlier, but the amount was specified today. They had asked night raids to be stopped, too, but had not spoken of the time. The police suspect the new committee has the backing of Maoists. Additional district magistrate (general) R.A. Israel, however, refused comment on the matter. "Today, we did not come to work out a solution. We submitted our demands. They told us they would not be able to fulfil some of them. The SP will have to go to Dalilpur and announce the decision in front of villagers," Soren said. "We will discuss administration's views with the villagers tomorrow and then decide our next course of action." Israel, who spoke to the team of 10 tribals, ruled out the possibility of the SP going to Dalilpur, which falls in the Lalgarh police station area, because of security reasons. The committee repeated two earlier demands that the officials have rejected. One, that the district police chief should squat and apologise holding his ears. Second, that policemen should crawl from Dalilpur to Chhotopelia. Israel added that "releasing those who were arrested with arms in connection with the (November 2) blast is not possible". "We have asked them (the committee) to file a written complaint against those policemen whom they are accusing (of atrocities). A probe will be conducted. "We have assured them (the committee) that the policemen in the camps set up in schools and hospitals will be removed once peace is restored. The administration will bear the cost of treatment of those injured in the November 5 raids." Today, the roadblock in Dahijuri was lifted, but Jhargram town remained cut off from the rest of the state because the damaged roads had not been repaired. In Calcutta, home secretary Asok Mohan Chakrabarti said night raids would stop, but did not specify the time. "We have decided there will be no night raids. But the road digging will not be tolerated indefinitely." Lalgarh on boil, consensus elusive Report from The Statesman The state government is apprehensive of a clash between the blockaders and the those adversely affected by their stir in and around Lalgarh, Mr Ashok Mohan Chakrabarti, state home secretary said at Writers' Buildings today. Locals are frustrated as supply of food and fuel like kerosene have been affected following the blockade in the wake of the arrest of some people after the Salbani blast. The state government is yet to chalk out a strong action to remove the blockade and is looking forward to resolve the crisis through talks with the agitators, Mr Chakrabarti said. The decision regarding the ongoing agitation would be communicated to the government after the agitators representatives hold talks with their elders, the government representatives were told after the meeting today. He also said that demands for the release of those guilty in the blast case would not be conceded. Neither would the police camps be withdrawn nor the demand of some of the senior police officials apologising in public would be considered by the state government, he added. Also a probe will be initiated regarding police excesses during the raids following the blast, he said. If charges against them is proved, strict action will be taken. No specific allegations about huts being ransacked have been received by the district administration, he said. Mr Chakrabarti however regretted that the consensus on certain issues which had been reached through yesterday's talks could not be implemented after trouble broke out in the ranks of the agitators. Go to top ******************** Nov 15: Spins of the corporate media, and the true story of Chotopeliya village** By Partho Sarathi Ray It is interesting to see how the reporting on the movement is being done by newspapers like Telegraph and Statesman and the television channels. Everybody is out to prove that the Maoists are controlling the movement. And they are using the 11-point demand by the movement as a sure proof of Maoist control. For example, the TV channels are directly saying that the adivasis have demanded that all Maoists arrested over the last 10 years be released. See what Shyamsundar Roy, a responsible journalist, is writing in The Statesman: "This stalemate has given rise to several questions like, who governs the area? ~ the civil administration or the indigenous people under the banner of the Sara Bharat Jakat Majhi-Madowa Juran Gaounta, an adivasi organisation, run by the Maoists behind the curtain. The charter of demands placed by the organisation leaders at least indicate so. They have demanded that all cases filed against the "innocent" natives of the area between 1998 and 2008 be withdrawn and the tortured families be duly compensated with unconditional release of the detained people, including those in 2 November blast case. These happen to be the same cases which the Maoists have been clamouring over the years." A copy of the actual demands, as shown on TV, tells a slightly but importantly different tale. It clearly states "1998 theke 2008 abdhi maobadi sandehe mithya mamlay jarano manushder mukti dite hobe" - "People arrested in false cases under suspicion of being Maoists, from 1998 to 2008, have to be released". Now, it is natural for the adivasis to demand this, all adivasis arrested after every Maoist attack have been charged with waging war against the state, so they have to write "Maobadi sandehe" or "on suspicion of being Maoists". This is being twisted as the adivasis demanding all "Maoists" should be released. There is also a demand that the hated practice of police tahaldari (police vigils) during the night in villages should stop, but the home secretary has refused it. In this context, it is interesting to revisit the incident at Chotopeliya village which had triggered the movement. It is interesting because it tells us a lot about the values of the santhals. It seems that when the police was raiding Chotopeliya village, they found that this person called Shamsher Alam was staying for the night in the house of one person. He usually visited the village twice a year to recruit agricultural workers during the harvest season for his and others' farmlands. When the police tried to arrest him for being a Maoist, the village women came out and protested saying that all of them knew him as he visited regularly and he was their guest. When the retired school teacher Kshamananda Mahato vouched for him the police also arrested him. Then they attacked the village women. The severely injured are from this village. This news spread around and triggered the revolt. This illustrates how the traditions of protecting a guest, a non-adivasi and a Muslim, are still so important and powerful among the tribals. Both Shamsher Alam and Mahato were subsequently released after nothing could be found against them. Go to top ******************* Nov 16: Peoples Committee Against Police Oppression formed, uprising spreads near Garbeta** By Partho Sarathi Ray, Sanhati The upsurge of adivasis is continuing unabated and is also spreading to newer areas. Although, after discussions between the Bharat Jakat Majhi Madwa Juan Gaonta and the administration, the siege of Jhargram town has been partially lifted. The blockade on the road connecting Jhargram and Dahijuri was lifted on 14th November but the Bharat Jakat Majhi Madwa could not convince the protesters to lift the blockades of the other roads connecting Jhargram. However, on 15th November efforts to lift the blockade on the other roads leading to Jhargram, mainly the Jhargram Lodhashuli state highway 9, which connects Jhargram to Bombay Road, have begun and it is being expected that the movement will lift the blockade of Jhargram town. However, the movement has continued to spread to adjoining areas and reached Belpahari on one side and is approaching Garbeta, a stronghold of the ruling CPI(M), on the other. The grassroots adivasis organizations at the forefront of the protests, such as Jumit Gaonta, ESECA, Kurmi Chatra Sangram Committee etc. have come together to form the Peoples' Committee Against Police Oppression (pulishi atyachar-er birudhhe janasadharan- er committee). Thus the leadership of the movement has passed on from the traditional elders of the adivasis to a younger generation. This mass organization is now leading the struggle and Santhal students belonging to this organization are moving from house to house telling people of the 11-point charter of demands that has been put forward. These demands include the longstanding demands of the adivasis to stop night-time police raids in villages, removal of police and CRPF camps from the villages, release of all adivasis arrested since 1998 on the suspicion of being Maoists and charged with false cases of waging war against the state, punishment of the policemen guilty of the latest atrocities and Rs 200,000 compensation for the people injured in the brutal police attacks. The administration have flatly refused to consider the demands for removing police camps and for releasing the adivasis falsely implicated of being Maoists. The leaders of the peoples' committee, Sidhu Soren and Singray Kisku, have said that the movement will continue till the demands are met. On 15th November, a few thousand adivasi and non-adivasi people demonstrated in the Tamajuri area of Belpahari and cut off the road between Belpahari and Jhargram. This has disconnected the Jhargram subdivision from Bandowan in Purulia and Bnakura district. On the other hand, roads have been dug up and tree trunks have been piled up in Humgarh area under Garbeta police station and in Bulanpur near Goaltore. This is in the stronghold of the notorious CPI(M) minister Sushanta Ghosh, and there has been no opposition to the CPI(M) in this area for the past ten years. However, currently the CPI(M) cadres seem to have disappeared, although the district secretary of the CPI(M), Dipak Sarkar, have been holding meetings in villages in the Salboni area, exhorting CPI(M) supporters to get out into the streets. The bandh called by SUCI in Jhargram on Saturday was successful. The Jharkhand Disham Party has called a bandh on Sunday in the three adivasi-dominated villages of Bankura, Purulia and West Midnapore. The CPI(M) state secretary, Biman Bose, has tried to give a new twist to the movement, claiming that its a separatist movement designed to separate the adivasi-dominated areas from West Bengal and include them in the neighbouring Jharkahnd state. This is a blatant attempt to stoke regionalism among the non-adivasi people and deligitimize the movement. Mamata Banerjee, for the first time, has expressed oral support for the movement from a stage in Singur, although her party has done nothing in its support. And five out of the seven arrested people who were still in police custody were given bail on 14th November as the police and the CID could not produce a case diary against them even ten days after their arrest. The judge has show-caused the CID officer Purnashib Mukhopadhyay. The polce are at a loss how to build false cases against these people whom they had arrested after rampaging through the adivasi villages. Go to top ************************** Nov 18: Uprising spreads, supported by migrant adivasis; CPIM stokes Bengali regionalist sentiments** By Partho Sarathi Ray, Sanhati The revolt of the adivasis reached the tenth day yesterday and is still continuing unabated. Newer areas have come under the ambit of the movement and newer forces have joined it. Besides Lalgarh, the movement has now spread to Binpur, Jhargram, Jamboni, Salboni, Belpahari, Garbeta and Gopiballavpur. On Monday, the movement has spread to the last two blocks of the Jhargram sub-division, Nayagram and Sankrail. Nayagram block has been disconnected by piling tree trunks on the roads in Dhankamra and Barpat. Dhankhori, Gajashimul, Mudakati and Kungarda areas of Sankrail block have also been blockaded. On the other hand, all connections to police stations and camps in the Belpahari block of Jhargram sub-division has been cut off. A group of around 500 armed adivasis blockaded the Neguriya police camp near Chakadoba in Belpahari. The local shopkeepers and traders have declared that they would not supply anything to the policemen in the camps. CPIM leaders hide out, many tribal members join movement Motorcycle rallys consisting of upto 100 motorcycles are being conducted by the students affiliated to the Peoples's Committee against Police Repression. This is also to build confidence against the notorious motor cycle-borne militia which the ruling CPI(M) is supposedly assembling. However, all local CPI(M) leaders have been shifted to police camps for their safety. The secretary of the Belpahari local committee Hariram Singh, the secretary of the Silda local committee and Anil Mahato, the secretary of the Banspahari local committee have all been staying in the local police camps to protect themselves from public anger. On the other hand a large number of CPI(M) members and supporters, mostly from its youth wing, the DYFI, have joined the protests. DYFI members Lakshman Murmu, Rath Hansda, Jolly Murmu etc. proclaimed that they were Santhals before they were CPI(M) members. Therefore they had joined the movement. They were participating in a blockade of the national highway near Changuyal in Kharagpur. The bandh called by the Jhargram Disham party on Sunday also evoked a good response in the three adivasi-dominated districts of Bankura, West Midnapore and Purulia. Train tracks were blocked in various places. Migrant adivasi workers in other districts come out in support Interestingly, the bandh had also evoked a good response in the agricultural belt of Burdwan district in Memari. No one expected it to happen as it is not an adivasi area and it is a stronghold of the CPI(M). It turns out that the bandh call was enforced in the area by the large number of migrant adivasi agricultural workers who work in different parts of the state during the agricultural season and who had joined the bandh call in solidarity with the struggle of the people in the tribal areas. The CPI(M) and the administration are terrified about the implications of this as these migrant adivasi workers are present in quite large numbers in different parts of the state, including North Bengal. Administration brings forward "secessionist" charge, mainstream media rejects popular nature The CPI(M) state secretary, Biman Bose, is trying to stoke the regionalist sentiments of the Bengalis by alleging that the uprising is a seccesionist movement designed to separate the tribal-dominated villages from West Bengal and join them with the neighbouring state of Jharkhand. He has accused the Jharkhand chief minister Shibu Soren and his party, the JMM, of being behind the protest. These allegations have been criticized even by the Jharkhand CPI(M). The administration and some television channels have become desperate to "prove" that the Maoists are behind the upsurge. They have now focused on a statement by Kanchan, the West Bengal state secretary of the CPI(Maoist) which has sixteen demands on stopping police atrocities on the adivasis and calling on the chief minister to apologize publicly for the assaults on adivasi women. These media outlets are trying to conflate these sixteen demands with the eleven demands made by the peoples' committee against police repression, suggesting that the Maoists are behind the committee. On Monday, the committee held a public meeting of 8 to 10 thousand people from 150 villages in Kantapahari. These sort of novel assemblies are being convened to decide the course of the movement in a democratic manner. On the other hand, representatives from the Bharat Jakat Majhi Madowa, Jaowan Gaonta, Santhali writers association, ASECA and the Santhali engineering students forum met the district magistrate and the police superintendent on Monday, and after a prolonged meeting declared that the blockade would be withdrawn from all areas except Lalgarh. It is to be seen in the coming days if this can be enforced, as the traditional organizations do not seem to exercise much control over the agitation. Go to top ************************** Nov 19: Mass meetings in Belpahari and Chakadoba; movement spreads despite negotiations** By Partho Sarathi Ray, Sanhati The declaration by Nityananda Hembram, the "disham majhi" of the Bharat Jakat Majhi Madowa of withdrawing the agitation from all areas except Lalgrah does not seem to have had much effect. This declaration was made after a meeting between representatives of various adivasi organizations and the district administration, represented by the district magistrate and the police superintendent. However, the adivasi protesters are in no mood to agree to the withdrawal of the movement before their demands are met. Yesterday, there have been mass meetings in Belpahari and Chakadoba, attended by thousands of people. The leaders of the peoples' committee in Belpahari, Manik Mandi and Shankar Tudu, stated that the agitation in Belpahari would not be withdrawn unless people in Lalgarh, the area most affected by the police atrocities, agree to it. The adivasis in Belpahari have been laying siege to the police camps in Kakrajhor, Churimara, Burijor, Neguriya, Khattadhari and Jamtalchara. Based on the declaration by some adivasi organizations to withdraw the movement, the administration have gone ahead in clearing up the roadblocks on state highway 9 and national highway 6 connecting Jhargram. Although tree trunks placed on the roads were cleared away from Kalabani, Dahijuri ad Lodhashuli on Tuesday, the protesters again established the roadblocks in Dahijuri and Kalabani in the early hours of Wednesday. Also, Sasankasekhar Maity, the deputy magistrate of Jhargram sub-division, had been blockaded in Bhanraru area of Binpur since Tuesday night. He had cleared up the roadblocks in Kalabani and Dahijuri and then proceeded to Binpur to clear up the roadblocks there, when large numbers of adivasi women laid siege to his convoy. Later, the deputy magistrate and his cohorts were forced to abandon their vehicles and leave on foot, with the adivasis continuing to block their vehicles. Bureaucrats attempt negotiations with adivasi organisation Meanwhile, a number of senior level bureaucrats and police officials have gone to Midnapore town and started discussions with the same adivasi organizations who seem to have lost control over the adivasi masses. These officials include the home secretary, the director general of police, the additional director general (intelligence), secretary of the Western region development authority and the inspector general of police (western range). However, it does not look like that these negotiations would yield any results, as one of the main demands of the adivasi protesters is that all discussions should be held in the villages and in the presence of people. A team from the democratic rights organization, APDR, has finally reached Lalgarh. The Trinamul Congress On the other hand, the main opposition party, the Trinamool Congress have finally woken up to the situation and have started an indefinite dharna at the Midnapore district collectorate after a visit by the opposition leader Mamata Banerjee. They are demanding that the demands of the adivasis should be met. However, all activities of the Trinamool Congress is restricted to Midnapore town as their leaders do not have any access to the adivasi masses spearheading the protests. Attempts to shield police According to reports, lot of turmoil is going on in the police ranks too, with everyone trying to lay the blame on someone else. There are unconfirmed reports that the additional police superintendent of North 24 Parganas district, Sisir Das, who was in charge of the Lalgarh area, has submitted his resignation to the Midnapore police superintendent in a novel manner, by SMS! It has also come out that the medical report of the eleven women assaulted by the police in Chotopeliya village, the incident that triggered the revolt, nowhere mentions that their injuries were inflicted by the police. It seems to be a ploy to shield the police, just as had been done in numerous medical reports of the victims of police atrocities in Nandigram. CPI(M) hits back in Garbeta, notorious minister Sushanta Ghosh prescribes "correct medicine" The CPI(M) has tried to hit back at the adivasis in Garbeta, one of their strongholds where the movement had spread in recent days. After the public statement of the notorious CPI(M) minsiter from Garbeta, Sushanta Ghosh, about the "corrrect medicine (dawai)" for the adivasi revolt, CPI(M) cadres attacked the protesters in Garbeta and looted 30 cycles, 2 motor cycles and 12 thousand rupees. As a result, the movement has added two more demands to the original 11 demands, return of these looted items and compensation for the people injured in this attack. Looking forward: democratisation of local Panchayati systems? It is not clear what the long term effects of the movement will be, but an encouraging sign has been the establishment of the ten member peoples' committees in about 150 adivasi villages. The adivasi people are all expressing hopes that these committees would become permanent and would act as more representative, and responsive, alternatives to the panchayats, which are all dominated by the established parties, mainly the CPI(M), and have never repsonded to the grievances and demands of the adivasis. Go to top *********************** Nov 19: Violence in Bankura; venue of negotiations under contention** - Mainstream media reports The Statesman Three zonal CPI-M leaders were struck by arrow in the troubled areas of Sarenga in Bankura late this evening. The leaders were on their way back home to Sarulia after attending a party meeting. The leaders ~ Mr Ranjit Hembram, former panchayat samiti sabhapati and two other zonal leaders, Mr Ramu Duley and Mr Tulu Hembram ~ were accompanying a police contingent to Nakhrapahari where the tribal organisations of Bankura had obstructed the Bankura-Midnapore state highway placing tree trunks on the road. The leaders were rushed to Sarenga block primary health centre and the condition of two were stated to be critical. The tribals staged a demonstration in Mejia brandishing weapons for hours. Bharat Jakat Majhi Marawa, a tribal outfit, started the agitation in the south Bankura villages today to protest against alleged police atrocities meted out on the tribals in neighbouring area of Lalgarh. At around 10 a.m. a crowd of about 2,000 villagers armed with bows, arrows, axe and spears brought out four separate rallies from Khoer Pahari, Nekra Pahari, Tanti Danga and Karbhanga. They started shouting slogans against the police and blocked roads connecting Chandrakona in West Midnapore with Sarenga, Bankura. A large contingent of police led by the ASP, Bankura Mr Sishram Jhajharia reached the spot but could not do anything apprehending retaliation if an attempt was made to forcibly disperse the agitators. The blockade was cleared after 3 p.m. from Nekra Pahari and Tanti Danga but the villagers refused to clear the road in Khoer Pahari and Karbhanga. The tribals also sent deputation to the Mejia BDO to submit a charter of their demands. Around 2,000 villagers from nine tribal villages in Mejia brought out a rally causing a traffic snarl on the busy NH-60 around 11 a.m. They gheraoed the BDO, Mr Avik Das, for an hour. Nov 22: Venue for negotiations under contention The Indian Express With both the Government and the tribal leadership sticking to their respective stands, the Lalgarh-Salboni stalemate continues in the West Midnapore district. While tribal leaders want to sit with the district administration at Dalilpur Chowk, the state wants the meeting to be held at the Circuit House in the district. The tribal leaders have welcomed Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee's decision to visit the area, but they warned of consequences if it turned out to be a ploy to push in CPM cadres to the region. At a public meeting in Baruipur, North 24 Parganas, Bhattacharjee said he would visit Salboni. He blamed the Maoists for the current situation. Talking to The Indian Express over phone, Chatradhar Mahato, leader of the newly-formed Policer Attachar Birodhi Committee (committee to fight police atrocities), said: "We will not go to the Circuit House for a meeting with the district administration. If they honestly want to resolve the crisis, they should come to Dalilpur Chowk in Lalgarh. We do not understand why government officials cannot come to us?" Chatradhar added: "If our CM wants to meet us with genuine intention, he is welcome. But if they try break our unity, things will go wrong. The Nandigram situation deteriorated after he (the CM) visited the area." The state government, however, said it would hold the talks only at the Circuit House. "These are government norms. Official meetings are always held in official buildings," said Home Secretary Ashok Mohan Chakrabarti. Left Front chairman Biman Bose supported the government's stand. Go to top ****************************** Nov 23: Pictures from interior of Lalgarh. There was an assembly of around 10,000 people in Dalilpur chowk where the district magistrate was invited to come for discussions. But they didn't dare to come, saying that discussions should be held "in an administrative building, not in an open field". Background of the movement and exact charter of demands from the tribals. 1. Adivasi women 2. Placards on one of the roadblocks 3. Communal kitchen 4. A young rebel 5. The assembly of women 6. The charter of demands at the meeting 7. A placard declaring the roadblocks 8. The 13 demands 9. The women rebels 10. The resolute women 11. The resolute men 12. Posters threatening to convene a "sarjam gira" the highest assembly of adivasis in India, the last one of which was called during the Santhal rebellion led by Sidu-Kanhu in 1856 13. The adivasis are fighting for dignity letting their harvested crops lie unattended in the fields 14. The women are at the forefront of the movement 15. The rebels with their traditional weapons and drums (dhamsa-madal) 16. Chatradhar Mahato, a leader of the peoples' committee speaking at the meeting 17. Khsamananda Mahato, the retired school teacher who was arrested and tortured, speaks Go to top **************************** Nov 23: The Charter of Demands, as circulated by the Peoples Committee Against Police Oppression** The following is a verbatim copy of the 13 point demand made by the Adivasi agitators consolidated under the banner of "Pulishi Santras Birodhi Janasadharoner Committee" (Peoples Committee Against Police Oppression). Source: Poster in Lalgarh. Translated by Suvarup Saha, Sanhati. 1.The Superintendent of police has to say sorry holding his ears. He must say "From today I shall stop arresting and victimizing common people, particularly, the women." 2.The guilty police officers who had physically assaulted women in the Chhotopeliya village on 5th November, 4:30 am will have to come rubbing their noses all the way from Dalilpur chawk to Chhotopeliya village. 3.The women who have been injured by the police brutality have to be compensated by 2 lakh rupees each. 4.All the people arrested in the name of hatching the Shalboni conspiracy have to be released. 5.All the false cases and charge sheets registered against people framed as Maoists in west Medinipur, from 1998 to 2008 have to be withdrawn. 6.Rampant arresting of ordinary people without warrant, at any place and time, must be stopped. 7. Para-military camps, like those situated in Kalaimuri, Dharampur, Ramgarh phanri must be rmoved. 8.The allegation that Shashadhar Mahato has planned the shalboni blasts while he was actually in Bansbed village, has to be withdrawn. 9.All attacks on the peoples' clubs and 'gaonta's spread all over West Bengal must be stopped. 10.Police vigilance inside villages from 5pm till 6am has to be stopped. 11.Police camps should not be set up arbitrarily in schools, hospitals or panchayat offices. All such existing camps have to be removed. 12.Attack on the protesters at Humgarh by the CPI(M) needs to be stopped. 30 cycles, 2 motorcycles, 12,000 rupees in cash and two bank pass books that were looted in the attack on 15th November on the NH60 between Moyrakata and Raskundu must be returned. Mohan Tudu, who was injured in the attack must be provided medical treatment and provided compensation of 2 lakhs. 13.If the armed CPIM militia attacks the adivasis or the common people then the administration will be held responsible for this and administration will have to provide compensation. Go to top ********************************* Nov 25: We talk of patricipatory democracy, Lalgarh is practising it By Sumit Chowdhury This is a report based on the findings of a team of concerned citizens from Kolkata who returned yesterday after a two-day stay in Lalgarh villages. Sumit Chowdhury, a member of the team, made the following points. The movement is led by the Pulishi Atyacharer Biruddhe Janaganer Committee (Peoples Committee Against Police Oppression), a non-party body. It has a secretary, Sidhu Soren, a 26-year old graduate, and a spokesperson Chhatradhar Mahato. Committees are coming up in villages covering a region of 3-4 blocks, but there is no higher-lower committee structure. Many committees are led by women. All major decisions are taken at large gatherings. The last such meeting at Dalilpur was attended by 10-12,000 people from 158 villages. Apart from the 13 point charter of demands of the committee, the posters covering the walls of mud huts in the villages are all hand-written and signed "Janagan", "Janasadharan". The people name the CPM, the Jharkhand parties, the Congress, the TMC, and the Maoists, and say that they will not allow any political party to call their shots. Young CPM, Jharkhand and TMC supporters repeat this. The Majhi Marowa and similar so-called umbrella organisations co-operating with the state government carry no influence in the villages and people like Dr Nityananda Hembrom (Disham Majhi) are completely discredited. This is an area where Maoist sympathies run high (Chhatradhar is the brother of the Maoist leader Sasadhar who is immensely popular) but there is no sign of any overt role of the Maoists in guiding the movement, let alone the state government and CPM's apocalyptic vision of Maoist cadre led by Kisanjee(from Andhra!), Sasadhar and Kanchan (WB state secretary) prancing about. If anything, there is a lack of co-ordination between the committees, which is somewhat intentional because decisions are sought to be taken only from meetings open to all. Lalgarh has heard of similar happenings in neighbouring Belpahari, and Sarenga in the neighbouring district of Bankura, but a living connexion is yet to be established. We talk of patricipatory democracy, Lalgarh is practising it. Go and see while it lasts. The demands are all against oppression by the police and the CPM. Some 1500 people, including many women, have been arrested over the last 10 years, tortured (including stringing up upside down and beating up), released and re-arrested, villages raided at night-time with attendant molestation of women, CPM cadres, always guiding the police, and now overtly active in the periphery, attacking a procession near Garhbeta town and seizing motor-cycles and cash. The immediate spree of police torture followed the attack on the Chief Minister's convoy on 2nd November. Now, the highlights. On the 4th, the pregnant wife of Dipak Pratihar was beaten up as, of course. Pratihar himself, who was subsequently arrested. On the night of Nov 6th the policemraided Chhotopelia and beat up people in their beds. Chitamani Murmu lost an eye even after treatment at Kolkata, Panamani Hansda had to be hospitalised, 7 other women were severely injured. Three schoolboys returning at night from a jatra show were arrested as Maoists. The demands include release of/withdrawal of cases against all arrested people from the area on charges of Maoist activity since 1998 , punishment (including crawling from Dalilipur to Chhotopelia, rubbing noses in the dust (nake khat) of all policemen guilty of beating people and torture, public apology by police and administrative officers responsible for the raids accompanied by sit-ups while holding ears, removal of police camps, ban on night-time raids, arrests only after informing the headman (Majhi), compensation of Rs 2 lakhs to each injured persons. The administration has refused to consider any demands except the ones related to compensation and night-time raids. The three teenage students were allowed bail and the notorious OC of Lalgarh PS sent on leave. Completely alienated from the masses, the officials are afraid of meeting the people for discussing the demands anywhere in Lalgarh and want meetings at Jhargram town or Medinipur town. The CPM have put forward a story of land mines. The committee on the other hand says even the CM is welcome — let him come and see if there are mines, but the meetings must be held at Lalgarh because the concerned people must all be present. It is their charter of demands and only they can modify it, the committee cannot. The CPM is preparing motor cycle squads in line with their re-capture of Nandigram. The state government is trying to prepare public opinion for an onslaught, waving the red herring of purported demands for autonomy of three jangalmahal districts and even for their inclusion in Jharkhand. The fact is no such demand has been made. The people of Lalgarh are fully engaged by the present . What is their perspective for the future : They oppose the ongoing policy of development — it is an attack on their rights over their land, forests, and water. Development means their displacement to make way for corporates, whether factory, resort or mall. So, they say they don't need development and are quite content to pursue their culture and way of life, witness, the blockade causes them only minor disturbance.. The committee emphasises the peaceful nature of the movement. They say the people want peace. On being asked what will happen if armed police and /or CPM squads enter forcibly and unleash violence, they reply, "The people will then decide". Go to top ********************* Nov 26: Agitation spreads to Birbhum** - The Statesman The Lalgarh tribal agitation is showing signs of spilling over to other parts of the state as hundreds of tribals today took out a rally in Gazol town demanding basic amenities and protesting against police excesses in their villages. Demonstrating in front of the Gazol rural hospital, the protesters, calling themselves 'Citizens' Forum', demanded suspension of the doctor-in-charge in connection with a child's death last week. The tribals alleged that negligence on the part of the doctors led to the child's death. Tribal people from Jharkhand will be attending the meeting convened by the newly formed tribal organisation 'Birbhum Adibasi Unnayan Gaonta' (BAUG) in Suri tomorrow. Tribals will demonstrate in front of DM's office in protest against the alleged police excesses in Lalgarh and press for their demands to develop their villages. "Tribal people in different villages of Jharkhand have assured us that they will also be a part of our movement without any political colour," said Mr Rabin Soren, secretary of BAUG. Birbhum tribals float apolitical group A day after the district CPI-M leadership convinced Forward Bloc leaders to put off the agitation launched by the latter's tribal wing, Birbhum Zilla Agragami Adibasi Tafsili Jati Unnayan Samity (BZAATJUS), tribal people in the district are assembling under a new banner ~ 'Birbhum Adibasi Unnayan Gaonta' (BAUG) ~ from Wednesday. The leadership of the newly-formed tribal organisation has decided to demonstrate in front of the Birbhum DM's office on Wednesday against the alleged police excesses in Lalgarh and would demand thorough development in the district's tribal villages. "On Wednesday tribal people from 30 villages of Rajnagar, Khoirasole and Mohammed Bazaar block area will gather in Suri to agitate against the undeveloped condition of their villages and the police excesses in Lalgarh. We have alerted the tribals that they may fall prey to different political manoeuvrings in this critical situation. We shall start a continuous movement in which the tribals will participate spontaneously without any political banner," said Mr Rabin Soren, secretary, BAUG. Last week, BZAATJUS had called for a prolonged movement from 28 November. Last evening, the CPI-M had convinced the FB leaders to put off the movement till 1 December ensuring that the Left Front remained united. After this decision, the tribals organised themselves under a new banner to launch their movement demanding development and protesting against police torture in Lalgarh. However, the BZAATJUS leadership has threatened that if the police did not release Ajit Murmu, who was allegedly detained illegally in a rape case, by 1 December and the district administration did not undertake development work, they would start their movement from 2 December. Go to top ********************* Nov 30: Novel methods of participatory democracy and gender equality in Lalgarh; tribals elsewhere stand up; development issues resonate By Partho Sarathi Ray, Sanhati At the beginning of the third week of the adivasi revolt, the movement is now approaching Midnapore town, the district headquarters of West Midnapore district. Road blocks are now in place just 5 km from Midnapore town. In the Chilgoda area of Midnapore Sadar block, four thousand adivasi women and men assembled with traditional weapons and started marching towards Midnapore town to the music of their traditional drums. Trees were cut down and laid on the state highway at different places at Chandra, Beliya, Depada and Bagerpukur. On the other hand roads have also been blocked at Pidrakuli and Patharkumkum near Pidakata, which connects Salboni with Lalgarh. There has been tension in Chandra area as the ruling CPI(M) organized a meeting where they declared that the movement would not be allowed to reach Midnapore town. However, the CPI(M) workers didn't show much enthusiasm to remove the roadblocks, in spite of exhortations by their leaders. The movement achieved a victory on 27th November when the administration accepted their demand and removed the police camp at Ramgarh outpost near Lalgarh. This camp was located at Rani Mokshadasundari Vidyalaya, the only girls school in the area and jawans from STRACO, the special force to combat the Maoist insurgency, had been located there. The location of this police camp in a girls' school had understandably been a source of major discontent in the area. Even last week, students were giving their "test" examinations, the final examinations before their boards, in a room adjacent to a room occupied by the jawans. The entire tribal belt had been filled up with grafitti calling for a boycott of the police. On 26th November, around 10-12 thousand protesters assembled infront of the camp and gave a deputation to the camp-incharge to remove the camp and threatened an intensification of the movement if their demand was not met. The administration finally caved in to their demand and the protesters removed the roadblocks to allow the police convoy to pass. Even the non-adivasi population of Lalgarh expressed their happiness on the removal of this source of disturbance from the school that their daughters attend. Parallely, the agitation has now spread and gained intensity in Bankura and Birbhum, the two contiguous adivasi-populated districts. Road connections in the entire Bankura district have been severed because of roadblocks in the Khatra subdivision. Roadblocks have been erected in Moina, Golakpur and Bankathi area of Khatra subdivision and on the Baruipur-Bankura road at Bagijota, effectively cutting of Bankura town form the rest of the district. The Sarenga forest area has also been cut off. In Dhabani, the local CPI(M) has been accused of looting the food from a communal kitchen being run by the adivasi protesters. Besides this, the movement has been intensified in the Debra-Gopiballavpur area, which was a famous flashpoint of the 1970's Naxalbari movement. Around 10 km of road between Debra and Madotola has been blocked. In the adjoining Birbhum district, the ruling Left Front had been in a major discomfiture ever since the Birbhum Zilla Agragami Adibasi Tafsili Jati Unnayan Samity, the tribal front of the Forward Block, a constituent of the Left Front, had declared their intention to join the struggle. When the CPI(M) could finally convince the Forward Block not to join the struggle, the tribals formed a new organization, the Birbhum Adivasi Unnayan Gaonta, that launched an agitation in Birbhum district. Adivasis from villages in the Khoirasole, Rajnagar and Mohammadbajar blocks assembled in Suri, the district town, demanding development measures in their villages and in support of the Lalgarh movement. They have threatened to launch a full scale agitation from 2nd December. Jhargram town in West Midnapore is still in the throes of the upsurge. There was a march of adivasi people in Jhargram town on 29th November evening. Around four thousand people, armed with their traditional weapons, marched through the streets and distributed leaflets containing the 13 demands of the Lalgarh movement. Municipal elections, which are to be held in Jhargram, are now in a state of uncertaintly. A two day general strike, called by the Jharkhand Party (Aditya group), was also evoking a good response in the tribal dominated areas of Birbhum, Purulia, Bankura and West Midnapore districts. Interestingly, the revolt in Lalgarh is instilling confidence in the adivasi people even in areas far from the adivasi-dominated districts to rise up against oppression and exploitation. An instance of this was seen in Nataberia of Bagda area, near Bongaon of North 24 Parganas district. On 28th November, Panu Sardar, and elderly adivasi from Malipota village had gone to the Nataberia police outpost to enquire about the case of his son Dipankar, who had been murdered six months ago. The policemen present in the outpost did not pay any heed to his entreaties, instead they ordered him to get them tea from an adjoining tea stall. When the old man protested, they beat him up brutally. When Panu Sardar returned to his village and narrated this incident, a few hunderd adivasi people from his village, all enthused by the events in Lalgah, accompanied him back to the police camp. They broke thorugh the gate of the camp and destroyed the place. Finally, a large police contingent under the Bongaon SDPO arrived to get the situation "under control". Something like this would have been unthinkable even a few days ago. Issues of development (or the absence of it) and democracy are coming up as recurrent themes in the ongoing movement. Although the immediate trigger for the movement has been the police atrocities, the adivasis are very much conscious about the basic issues of lack of development which are at the core of their grievances. They even recognize that the state terror, which they have been subjected to from the colonial times, is the "shock therapy" used to subdue them in order to dispossess them of their resources, their water, forests and land (which contains important minerals), which are required by big capital. They are saying that they are fighting for their right to these resources, with which their lives are intimately connected, and for their right to live in dignity. They are demanding the development measures which are totally lacking in the adivasis areas, health services, schools free of police camps, food through the public distribution system, jobs for their educated youth. Hence their fight is for "dignity and development". Recently, when an adivasi was confronted with the question that their road blocks were hampering the supply of rations in the area through the public distribution system, he sardonically observed that the roadblocks did not matter because even in absence of the roadblocks they never received their rations. So, the roadblocks would continue till their demands are met. The other important phenomenon is the development of novel forms of participatory democracy that is taking place. As a part of the movement, 10 member committees have been formed in every village, each having 5 men and 5 women members. Two persons, a man and a woman, from every village committee is part of the central co-ordinating committee. These committees are not only taking and ratifying every decision of the movement, they are now deciding about development issues in the villages too. They are inviting, and challenging, the administration to come and negotiate with them in their own villages, making high officials sit on the ground on hand woven-mats together with them, instead of the previous practice of officials sitting on chairs and the people sitting on the ground around them. We have to see how these new centres of democratic power evolve and function in the days to come and how they deal with the administration and the panchayats, which are the centres of established power in the villages. Go to top *********************** Dec 2: Lalgarh: nature of the movement, facets of impoverishment, bid for power, and the future** By Dipanjan Rai Chaudhuri An uprising is sweeping the jangal mahal of West Bengal, almost all the tribes inhabiting the forests and their outliers in the districts of Paschim Medinipur and Bankura have arisen against rampant police oppression in the name of fighting Maoists. The heart of the uprising is in the Lalgarh and Belpahari blocks with a total population between a quarter of a million and a third. The total tribal population of 160 thousand is up in arms. Nobody has seen a people's uprising on this scale since the anti-colonial movements in the nineteen forties. Trees have been felled and roads cut to build barricades. Lalgarh (the police oppression here on women triggered the discontent simmering over indiscriminate arrests and physical torture) is completely barricaded. While the CPI(M) has swept into attacks on the people demonstrating outside the forests, the left is mostly silent apart from some general statements. Even the usually vocal sections of civil society have shown a response much below the level expected for the case of such an unprecedented upheaval. This is perhaps an unfortunate response to the known influence of the Maoists in Lalgarh and some other parts of the jangal mahal, although the Maoists themselves have up to now made no overt attempt to dictate to what is still definitely a people's movement from the grass roots up. Statistics of impoverishment of the region The blocks of Binpur I and II (Lalgarh and Belpahari) have a SC+ST population 54.6% and 57.5% of the total. For all of West Bengal, the proportion is half of this, 28.5%. The blocks are inhabited by many poor people, the proportion of BPL families are 40% and 37%, the all-West Bengal value for this index being 27%. The figures explain why the movement is so persistent and courageous, and why it could start as a movement mainly of the Santal, and go on to acquire a base among all the jana-jati ( the main committee has a Mahato as President and a Santal as the General Secretary). However, the movement must take special care to encompass the poor non-janajati "diku", how will it fight the state without the active participation of more than 40% of the people? The Jhargram (town) municipal success of the CPI(M) is a pointer in this respect. Proportionately more people are workers here in these blocks. Workers are 49% of the population in Belpahari but only 37% in all of West Bengal. The proportion of cultivated area to geographical area is 58% in Lalgarh, 5.5 percentage points behind the West Bengal value of 63.5%. The proportion of cultivators and agricultural labourers among all workers is 44% in West Bengal and 32% in Belpahari. The figures suggest that agricultural activity is less than average here. This is supported by a marked decrease in the proportion of agricultural labourers to cultivators –1.3 ( that is almost 1 1/2 times) in all– West Bengal, and 0.76 (that is a 3/4 part) in Belpahari. There being little industry in Belpahari the figures means that many workers are involved in irregular and casual work, without security and continuity. Small and marginal farmers constitute 75% of all households in Lalgarh and 57% in Belpahari, the latter, however, being 92% of all cultivators and agricultural labourers (in all- West Bengal small and marginal farmers are 91.4% of all farmers). The picture is that of a poor, industrious people, with a majority of tribal communities, dependent on a not too flourishing small peasant agriculture and casual employment. The movement: a commentary on the State's poverty alleviation programs and a bid for partial power The people's movement in Lalgarh raises a number of pertinent points. 1. The blockade emphasises the point that the poverty alleviation programmes are a huge hoax in such interior villages inhabited by the poor, because it is clear that the great majority of people in Lalgarh do not care if communications with the government are cut off, rather they rest in peace. They have said so explicitly. Ration cards are hard to get by, foodstuff allotted as rations is sold off and the holder is informed that there is no material to be distributed. Every one has collected a job card for the 100 days' work for all, under the NREGS, but till now, in the current year, only 12 days work has been organised, on an average. Yes, Chief Minister, they are definitely hostile to "Development", because, as they say, the first thing that will happen is that they would be displaced and forest land cleared for establishing the factories. On the contrary, they want to preserve the forest and the water from the depredations of development so that they can continue with their way of life and their definitive culture. Economists can call them physiocrats or Luddites or plain bucolic idiots. But they are going to protect their forests, lands and water, displaying today their resolve symbolically with tangi and teer-karh. Politicians, you have two choices. You can try to force your medicine of jobless industrialisation down unwilling throats — but Singur and Nandigram have taken the blinkers off their eyes, all over India they will resist you. The other choice is to confer with them and learn through dialogue what they mean by development and how you can help them bring it about themselves, a development for the people, by the people. The party which does this (without issuing commands to follow this or that dictat) will win their hearts. 2. For the people to organise their own development they need power. The movement in Lalgarh is also an assertion of local political power with the village committee as its organ (5+5 representation for men and women). As yet, it is not a bid for total power, it is not asking the state to abdicate. It is a bid for partial power, demanding consultative rights over law and order implementation: the police must take their permission. Once again the state can recognise the reality of their power and agree to this curtailment of its central authority (which is not really a curtailment but a more even distribution, after all the people are sovereign!), or it can force a confrontation which will teach the people to think of total power as the only guarantee of peace. What the people have tasted in Lalgarh is the reality of their power, and it speaks volumes for their wisdom that they have desisted from testing it in confrontation provoked from their side. But they will never forget this power and if it is forcibly taken away from them they will strive not only to regain it but expand it to the utmost. Once again the party which recognises and respects (without usurping) their power will win their minds. Looking forward There are two possible scenarios which can emerge. In one, the state agrees to a reallocation of local power with a recognition of the village committee as a local power centre. The people use the committees to fight for their rights and interests, on the one hand, within the panchayets (especially within reactivated Gram Sansads and Gram Panchayets), extracting from the state 100 days work for all to start with, the work being productive and locally necessary for agriculture, (local) industry or every day life, and, on the other hand, against predatory "development" and oppression by the organs of state power, thereby amplifying the scope and power of local autonomy in continual struggle with the state. In the other scenario, the state refuses political space to the people's committees and resorts to violent repression. The people will fight back and we might see an escalation to helicopters and army action, backed by "salwa judum" gangs comprising activists of the major ruling party, leading in all possibility, given the presence of Maoists, to guerrilla resistance on the part of the people. Such a conflagration will not remain localised and the plains of Bengal will not be insulated from happenings inside the forests of jangal mahal. Some might argue that the first scenario will also end in the same fashion. In fact, which scenario rules and with what consequence is entirely dependent on the flexibility of the state's response to the just movement of the people. Much more hangs in the balance than the loss of face from "nake khat" and "owtth bose". In the mean-time the left and civil society must make up their minds as to whether they want to become irrelevant to the progress of this great people's movement. Go to top ************************* Dec 4: Ominous developments: impending two-pronged attack of the police and the CPI(M) By Partho Sarathi Ray, Sanhati In the past two days the West Bengal government has closed down two more police camps in Lalgarh, bowing down to one of the basic demands of the people. These two schools, Ramakrishna boys' high school and Saradamoni girls' high school, both run by the Ramakrishna Mission, were the biggest schools in the area. The long-standing presence of the police camps in the schools had been a major source of discontent and indignity for the local people. When the peoples' committee against police repression found that their repeated demands on removal of these camps were not being heeded by the district administration, they took up a new strategy of non-violent direct action. Thousands of adivasi people would surround the camp and give a deputation to the camp-incharge to vacate the camp, simultaneously giving a call for a social boycott of the police. This first worked in Kantapahari where the police abandoned the Ramgarh camp, and then it also suceeded in closing down the two camps in Lalgarh. This might be a small victory for the adivasi revolt, but a huge boost to their confidence and dignity. The past two days have also seen an ominous development, cadres of the ruling CPI(M) are playing an increasingly belligerent role in trying to resist the adivasi upsurge. The CPI(M) had been lying low since the beginning of the movement, completely taken by surprise by the intensity of the revolt. However, just as the police administration has been retreating in the face of the movement, the CPI(M) is increasingly taking upon itself the role of executors of state terror. The first clashes between CPI(M) cadres and the protesters has already taken place in Garbeta. In the Goaltore police station area of Garbeta, a stronghold of the CPI(M), a roadblock erected by the adivasis had been dismantled by CPI(M) cadres. This made the situation very tense as thousands of adivasi protesters assembled in a meeting and marched to the Kadra forest area where they blocked the road by destroying a culvert. Road blocks were again erected in Nohari, Jeerapara, Dashinija and Pingbani areas. There is continued tension in the area as it the stronghold of the CPI(M) minister Sushanta Ghosh. Similar events have been taking place in Bankura district too. On 1st November, the Khatra-Simlapal road in Bankura had been blockaded at twelve points by the placing of tree trunks on the road. Thereafter, hundreds of CPI(M) cadres descended on the road to remove the roadblocks. Amiya Patra, the Bankura district secretary of the CPI(M) claimed that it was the "common people" who are fed up with the blockades and have taken the initiative to remove the roadblocks. He also claimed that the adivasi protesters are hands-in-glove with the timber mafia, whom they are helping by cutting down trees for them to smuggle out of the area! He also expressed his incredulity at the protesters' demands for development measures, observing that in past the adivasis used to agitate for food and drinking water, now they were demanding an university. Apparently, for this CPI(M) leader, the setting up of an university is an unearthly demand on the part of the tribal people. The tension in Bankura escalated as the CPI(M) cadres advanced towards the Sarenga forest, a stronghold of the adivasi movement. However, sensing the mood, and hearing that the adivasis were stationing archers on the forest tracks, the CPI(M) supporters abandoned their march at Bikrampur before entering the Sarenga forest. The leader of the peoples' committee against police repression, Chatradhar Mahato, has declared that the adivasis will resist if the CPI(M) tries to launch attacks on their movement. Most of the adivasis think that it is a calculated move in which the police are abandoning the camps and the CPI(M) is trying to move in. The police will use the resultant clashes as an excuse to move back in force and crush the movement. Already, a CPI(M) party office in Belatikuri village in Lalgarh has been burnt down by angry adivasi protesters in retaliation to the attempts of the CPI(M) to remove road blocks at Belatikuri and Bhagabandh. Five of the protesters had been beaten up by the CPI(M) cadres when they had tried to resist the CPI(M) cadres' attempts to remove the roadblocks. Two members of the Jharkhand Desham Party, Sunil Hembram and Nimai Tudu, who had been going to attend a meeting of the adivasis in Dalanpur in Bankura have also been brutally beaten up by CPI(M) cadres and have had to be hospitalized. The situation is tense in the entire adivasi area, as the people are getting ready to resist the two-pronged attacks of the police and the CPI(M). Go to top *********************** Dec 7: Lalgarh blockade stopped** The Statesman The month-long Adivasi agitation under the banner of the Police Santras Birodhi Public Committee (PSBPC) at Lalgarh, Jhargram, Belpahari, Binpur and adjoining blocks of Midnapore West was called off this evening with the district administration conceding 10 of their 12 demands. Emerging after a meeting for almost five hours with Mr RA Isreal, additional district magistrate, at Lalgarh police station around 6.30 p.m., PSBPC leaders Mr Lalmohan Murmu and Mr Chatradhar Mahato removed tree trunks to clear the Lalgarh-Jhargram road. The agitators, however, had agreed to back down from their rigid stand of holding their conciliatory meeting at Dalilchowk More, an interior place in Lalgarh where the SP was required to apologise publicly for the atrocities allegedly committed by the police during the 5 November crackdown after the 2 November landmine blast that targeted the CM. The administration agreed to consider the criminal cases filed against the Adivasis and other indigenous people for their alleged Maoist links since 1998, particularly in cases where charge sheets have not been submitted. The administration also said an inquiry committee had been set up to probe the atrocities committed by the police and CPI-M cadres as well. The committee, headed by the principal secretary of the backward class welfare department, will begin meeting on 15 December. After the committee report is submitted, the PSBPC demand for Rs 2 lakh compensation to each of the affected people will be considered by the government. Go to top *************** Dec 14: Lalgarh: probing the scale-down of the revolt and the need of the hour By Partho Sarathi Ray, Sanhati The blockades in Lalgarh ended last week. After 32 days of an unprecedented and heroic resistance, the barricades were lifted after a marathon discussion between the representatives of the peoples' committee against police repression and the admininstration, at the Lalgarh police station. But what led upto this climbdown by the peoples' committee? And what is the condition on the ground at Lalgarh and the adjoining areas? The situation on the ground is that the entire junglemahal (the tribal areas) is seething with anger. The adivasis have gone back to their homes, but numerous spontaneous outbreaks of public anger are taking place. On the other hand, the ruling CPI(M), together with other reactionary parties such as the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, have floated a number of purportedly adivasi organizations such as Ganapratirodh committee (peoples' resistance committee) and Adivasi o An-adivasi aikya committee (adivasi and non-adivasi unity committee) which are playing one section of the adivasis against the other. Members of these committees, in the name of hunting down Maoists, are attacking adivasis, especially those who have played leading roles in the upsurge. We can just hope that the situation doesn't degenerate into a civil war-like condition. The administration, in a carrot-and-stick policy, and really unnerved by the intensity of the feelings expressed by the adivasis, have announced a slew of development measures for the area, many of them rehashings of promises made long ago and never kept. And the peoples' committee against police repression has threatened to relaunch the movement from 14th December. What led up to this situation? Ever since the beginning of the revolt on 5th November, the government and the CPI(M), taken aback by the intensity and rapid spread of the uprising, had been lying low playing a waiting game to see how long the movement could be sustained, and how public opinion would shape up in support of the movement. To their immense pleasure, for an entire month while the movement was at its height, the "civil society" in Kolkata, did not stir. Besides some feeble attempts at "building" public opinion by organizing marches (one of which, held by a human rights group, was attended by less than hundred people and which left Chatradhar Mahato, a leader of the peoples' committee who had come from Lalgarh to address it, totally dejected) and localized propaganda campaigns, the "intellectuals" in Kolkata did nothing. Why this happened would have to be a subject of further analysis. The "intellectuals" in Kolkata kept up a lively debate about whether the movement was spontaneous or controlled by political parties, whether it had a mass character or was remote-controlled by the Maoists, but did little else. The opposition political parties like the Trinamool Congress and the Congress also kept aloof, as they realized that they had little to gain from the adivasi upsurge. The government was relieved to see that there would be no mass display of popular solidarity with the movement in Lalgarh, as had happened in the case of Nandigram and Singur. Then came the elections for the municipality of Jhargram, the headquarters of the Jhargram sub-division, which had been a flashpoint for the movement, and had been blockaded and cut-off for days. Jhargram, although situated in the adivasi belt, is mostly populated with middle class bengalis. The ruling Left Front, led by the CPI(M) won handsomely in the Jhargram municipal elections, which gave confidence to the CPI(M) to hit back. The CPI(M) used the "logic of the legislature", using the electoral victory as a show of support for its stance, to undermine the adivasi revolt. It is no wonder that the CPI(M) retaliation started from in and around Jhargram. Then came the terrorist attacks on Mumbai, which riveted the attention of the nation, and pushed news of Lalgarh from the front pages to the insides of newspapers. The CPI(M) was waiting for such an opportunity when public attention would be diverted (remember that the attack on Nandigram happened during a Diwali celebration), and immediately floated the above-mentioned organizations, which in the name of establishing unity between the adivasis and the non-adivasis, started clearing the roadblocks. The adivasis resisted for a few days, re-erecting roadblocks and confronting the CPI(M) cadres, but the leaders of the peoples' committee against police oppression possibly thought that they could not sustain the movement in the face of this assault and in the absence of support from the urban population. So, they came to the negotiation table, and met the additional district magistrate R K Israel in the Lalgarh police station. They also cited the apology made by Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, the chief minister, in the West Bengal legislative assembly the previous day during a discussion on the police atrocities on the adivasi women, as a factor that brought them to the negotiation table. After the discussion they declared that the blockades would be removed and in return the administration had accepted their demands. The demands about the S.P having to hold his ears and the police having to rub their noses on the ground had been removed. Instead the S.P would go to Dalilpur and apologize to the people. The administration would take measures to implement the other demands. The peoples' committee also said that they weren't withdrawing the movement but were keeping it on hold till the 14th of December, after which the movement will start again if their demands are not met. What has transpired over the next few days clearly showed what was to be expected, when a movement goes on the backfoot, but the people are radicalized. On 7th December night itself, barely a few hours after the blockades were removed, a CRPF (Central Reserve Police Force) party raided Chotopeliya village, the site of the original atrocities, supposedly to look for Maoists. They were besieged by hundreds of villagers and were only freed after intervention by peoples' committee leaders and reportedly after the officer of the CRPF had to hold his ears and apologize. After that the police stopped entering the adivasi areas; instead a slew of minor government officials started visiting the areas, apparently to assuage the feelings of the adivasis and launch development measures. This included the BDO, the public distribution system officer, the BLRO, the additional DM etc. The BDO, in a public meeting in Dalilpurchowk, actually conceded that the police was wrong in inflicting the atrocities on the adivasis. Together with this, the DM, Narayanswarup Nigam, declared a number of development measures, including the rejuvenation of the Western region development council, which had long been the fiefdom of the CPI(M) minister Sushanta Ghosh. Also, leaders of a number of political parties, most prominently the Congress, started visiting the adivasis in order to express their sympathies but in reality to create a support base there taking advantage of the fluid situation. Parallel to these "carrots" from the administration, the CPI(M) sponsored organizations continued to wield the stick. A number of skirmishes have taken place in the past few days. There was a major attack by CPI(M) cadres in the Moupal area of Salboni. A large group of armed CPI(M) supporters (although the marchers didn't carry the party flag, a number of CPI(M) Salboni zonal committee members could be identified in the group) took out a march from Bhadutala which then attacked houses of adivasis in the Moupal area. The so-called ganapratirodh committee have launched a number of attacks in the Belpahari area where adivasis are being accused of being Maoist supporters and driven out of their homes. The Maoists have also apparently launched a retaliatory attack, murdering Sudhir Mandi, a leader of the ganapratirodh committee in the Chakadoba area, who was a member of the Jharkhand janamukti morcha. However, Babu Bose, the leader of the Jharkhand janamukti morcha, has said that it is uncertain that the Maoists have committed the murder because anyone could have taken advantage of the unstable situation to settle scores. The scheme of violence and retaliatory violence can soon spiral out of control in the entire area. Yesterday, there have been further ominous developments. Going against the terms of the understanding between the peoples' committee and the administration, the police and the CRPF returned to the Ramgarh police camp. The police and paramilitary forces had been forced to vacate the camp during the revolt and the camp was locked. However, possibly regaining confidence after seeing the situation for the past few days, the police returned to the camp and broke down the lock and re-entered the camp. The discontent among the adivasis against this betrayal is again rising. Apparently it was a decision taken by the police superintendent, against the wishes of the district magistrate. The S.P has said that the police and Straco anti-Maoist forces would be returning to the vacated camps in Kaima, Kalaimuri, Pirakata, Belatikari, Nachipur, Churimara and Jamtalagara. Also, the deadline given by the leaders of the peoples' committee to the administration to implement the decisions of their meeting expired yesterday, and the peoples' committee is meeting today to decide on the next course of action. The need of the hour is a massive expression of solidarity to the adivasi people in different parts of the state, especially in Kolkata, so that public opinion can be built against these moves of the administration. Go to top ****************** Police back in Lalgarh, so are protests** Dec 19, 2008. The Statesman Tribals in Lalgarh are planning to launch a large-scale protest against redeployment of police in the camps set up in the area. They claim that this move is in violation of the agreement they had with the district administration. On Thursday, thousands of tribals demonstrated in front of a police camp at Kalaimuri village after police were redeployed. Chattradhar Mahato, a tribal leader from Lalgarh, alleged that the district administration had deployed police at the eight camps to harass villagers or book them in connection with false cases. "This is despite agreeing to withdraw the camps during a discussion between tribal leaders and the administration at the Lalgarh police station on December 7," Mahato said. He added that the setting up of a police camp at Lalgrah school had affected the studies of the students of classes V and VI, as no classes are being held for the last two months. Police should be withdrawn from the school and the health centre in the interest of the villagers, said Mahato. The district administration, on the other hand, said that it had not made any commitment to the tribals on the issue of permanently withdrawing the police camps from there. Denying the charges, ADM of West Midnapore A R Israel said the district administration had promised during its discussions with the tribals that police camps would not be set up in schools and health centres on a permanent basis. The setting up of a police camp in Lalgarh or at the health centre was a temporary move, keeping in mind the present situation. Israel said that the present situation in Lalgarh is 'more or less normal'. The district administration has started development programmes in the rural areas with the full cooperation of the tribals, said Israel. Go to top ********************* Tribals continue to boycott administration in Lalgarh** Jan 8, 2009. Expressindia.com Tribals in Lalgarh continued their boycott of the district administration for the second consecutive day on Wednesday. On Tuesday, the tribals had called for non-cooperation with the district administration demanding that the police apologises to the villagers for the atrocities they committed on women during the raids after the Salboni blast. Tribal leader Chattradhar Mahato said the peaceful non-cooperation will continue unless the district police chief visits Lalgarh and tenders an unconditional apology. The tribals leaders urged the shopowners to boycott the police and not to sell essential commodities like kerosene and rice to them. They have decided not to pay taxes like land revenue to the government. The bus service at Lalgarh remained suspended following the tribal unrest. The tribals have also decided not to attend the meeting called by the block administration to discuss development schemes for the area. The district administration has come up with various programmes for the upliftment of tribals and locals were asked to attend the meeting with the government officials. N S Nigam, District Magistrate of West Midanpore, said the administration would not apply force to suppress the tribal movement but would try to resolve the issue through holding discussions with them. Go to top ********************* Damages announced for Lalgarh women** January 12, 2009, The Telegraph The state government today agreed to pay compensation to the assaulted tribal women of Lalgarh, but denied that any "atrocity" or "excesses" was committed by police when they had gone to arrest suspects after the Salboni blast. The home department after consultation with the director general of police, would also decide on the action taken against the guilty policemen. The state home secretary, Mr Ardhendu Sen today admitted that the action was being taken due to the ground situation referring to the large scale tribal unrest triggered off by the assault and the arrests. The chief minister who was away and joined work today took the decision on the basis of the inquiry report submitted by the principal secretary of backward classes department, Mr RD Meena. "There was a scuffle with the women when the police party went to arrest the suspects on 6 November last year. There was no excess or atrocity committed on the women. The inquiry revealed that there was an assault and the police party was involved," said Mr Sen. He added: "It is not necessary that for similar situations similar decisions will be taken against policemen." However, keeping in mind the political fallout particularly with the Lok Sabha elections round the corner, the chief minister evidently took no chance and decided to pay compensation to the tribal women. Of the 14 injured Chitamani Murmu who sustained an eye injury would be paid Rs 50,000 and another, Panmani Murmu would get Rs 25,000. The home secretary said although the rest of the 12 women did not have any physical injury, they too would be paid Rs 15,000 each. Go to top ******************** Member of the People's Committee killed while having tea** January 26, 2009. The Anandabazaar Patrika. Translated by Debarshi Das, Sanhati. An active member of People's Committee against Police Terror from Belpahari was killed on Sunday. Another member had been kidnapped. There was massive rally of the Committee at Chakadoba, Belpahari on Sunday afternoon. The murder took place in the same morning. Chhatradhar Mahato, leader of the Committee alleges, "Police, CPI(M) and a band of agents of theirs are launching such attacks on us so as to sabotage the rally." In protest, the Committee would gherao the Belpahari Police Station on Monday. A 24 hour bandh call in the districts of West Medinipur, Bankura and Purulia has also been given for Tuesday. The police are not certain who are behind the crimes. West Medinipur police super remarks, "The slain man was with the Maoists. We shall look into the matter." The murdered Nirmal Sardar (36) was from Talpukuria village. The kidnapped youth Himadri Mahato was from Kneodishol village. According to local sources both Nirmal and Himadri were active members of the People's Committee against Police Terror which took root in the background of the Lalgarh movement. However Chunibala Hansda, leader of the Jharkhand Party (Naren), has claimed that both of them were of her party. She alleges, "Resistance Committee which was formed to counter the People's Committee is behind the killing and abduction. There are CPM supporters and many others, who claim to be Jharkhandis, in the Resistance Committee." Till night there were no news of whereabouts of Himadri. Neither has there been any written complaint. According to police sources, a verbal complaint has been lodged. Mr. Nirmal Sardar had gone to have his morning tea at the Charakpahari Mor as was his daily routine. He was gunned down there. Srimatidebi, Nirmalbabu's mother, says, "Two strangers came looking for him as soon as he had gone out. I told them he had gone to take tea." Nirmalbabu was killed at around eight thirty. According to eye witnesses, about eight armed people, their faces covered in black cloth, had surrounded him. Five shots were fired, Nirmalbabu died on the spot. Himadri had been kidnapped before this. A gang had descended upon his house in Kneodishol village and forcibly abducted him at around six thirty in the morning. His mother Sushamadebi recounts, "About sixty-seventy armed people had surrounded our house. They dragged him out from the house; threatening 'If you have any connection with People's Committee we would kill you, if not you would be released.' We tried to stop them without success." On Sunday afternoon the People's Committee had a rally at the Chakadoba football field. There has already been a call to boycott the police. Today the leaders gave a further call to boycott the administration. Demand was raised that the police should come to Dalilpur Mor and tender an open apology. There were many demands concerning development of the area as well. Besides Chhatradhar Mahato, Bhurka-Ipil Hansda, Buddhadeb Tudu of People's Committee, representatives of several human rights organisation of Kolkata were present. Criticisms of the police highhandedness, boycott of the police and administration were mentioned in the leaflet distributed by the Committee. Many posters of the Resistance Committee were however sited in the Belpahari region today. They contained warnings to the rally of People's Committee: "Maoists in the mask of People's Committee against Police Terror be aware!," "Contributors to the People's Committee rally be aware!" Go to top ******************** Lalgarh and a basic problematic of people's movements** By Dipanjan Rai Chaudhuri. Regular columnist, Sanhati. Jan 29, 2009. Nirmal Sardar, a leader of the Chakadoba people's committee against police atrocities was killed on the morning of 25.1.09 at Charakpahari. A meeting of the Lalgarh-based people's committee against police terror was due to be held at Chakadoba the same day. Chunibala Hansda, a leader of the Jharkhand party (Naren), and the SUCI have claimed that the killers belonged to the "anti-terror" committee set up by the CPI(M) in conjunction with some other political outfits. The people's committee against police atrocities sees the police as the main patron of the "anti-terror" committee. This killing, as well as the kidnap, beating up and release of another activist of the committee against police terror, was aimed at disruption of the 25th January meeting, revenge for the killing of Sudhir Mandi, a leader of the "anti-terror" committee, and demoralising supporters of the people's committee against police terror. None of the objectives seems to have succeeded. The 25th meeting was held, a little late, at 4.00 pm, attended by thousands of people who came in busloads. The people's committee against police terror called a bandh in the three districts of Paschim Medinipur, Bankura and Purulia on the 28th, which was very successful. The police having reneged on their agreement over tendering apology for atrocities committed by them, the people's committee against police terror have called for a boycott of the police and the administration, non-payment of taxes, revenue and electricity tariffs, social boycott, including withdrawal of 'dhopa-napit' (that is, washerperson and barber), and marketing facilities. The police, administration and the CPI(M) and its stooge outfits seem to have decided, as the events chronicled above reveal, to take the path of organising 'salwa judum' type terror gangs. The resulting confrontation (the 'scenario II' discussed in an earlier contribution on Lalgarh at this site) brings out starkly a basic problematic of the current flood of people's movements in India. The Lalgarh movement has, till now, steadfastly persevered on a path of peaceful show of unity of purpose. Thousands still flock to its meetings, in spite of the gathering clouds of fascist terror. Even after the killing of Nirmal Sardar the programme adopted is one of boycott. The killing of Sudhir Mandi was not any part of the programme of the people's committee and was an act owned up to by the Maoists. Now, because the Maoists are active in this jangal mahal region, there is an attempt by the state to brand the people's committee as a Maoist outfit. While it is true that the Maoists are respected by the poor people in the region for consistently upholding their rights, it would be wrong to decide that the tens of thousands rallying under the banner of the people's committee against police terror are all Maoists with their full agenda. Again, the Maoists may have some influence in and around the people's committee, but this may not extend to an influence over the people's committee, a nuance not to be missed. In a real democracy, thousand strong demonstrations would cause concern to the rulers who would hasten to address the basic grievances of the people. The Indian state offers a choice of parties with the same broad understanding on pro-corporate 'development' and agricultural stagnation to the electorate every five years and pretends that this non-choice makes it a democracy. The basically undemocratic nature of the state and the major electoral parties is revealed whenever there is a mass upheaval. The response is indifference to the basic issues being raised and treatment of the upheaval as a 'law and order' problem. The latest ploy is to organise, arm, and unleash on the people, besides the police and the para-military forces, gangs of goons: 'salwa judum' in Chhattisgarh, the CPI(M) cadre itself in Nandigram and Singur, various 'anti-terror ' outfits in Jharkhand, the pro-Posco gangs set up by Posco in Jagatsinghpur, the goonda gangs set up by Tata in Kalinganagar, and now the 'anti-terror' committee in Belpahari. The armed attack of these gangs and the police erodes the space of peaceful agitation. What is then left is the ever-present Maoist agenda. This is the problematic before people's movements in the undemocratic state. In Nandigram the atrocities perpetrated on unarmed demonstrators on June 14 and November 14 led to a boycott of the government by intellectuals and brought more than 50,000 onto the streets of Kolkata. The unswerving resolve of the people of Nandigram, helped by this eruption of civil society, forced the state to retreat. The Maoist agenda which loomed on the horizon at one stage of the state's offensive also retreated to the background. The price was the blood of martyrs. In Kalinganagar,14 janajati demonstrators were killed, on January 2, 2006, while demonstrating against displacement by Tata Steel, and their bodies desecrated by policemen. The third anniversary saw the erection of a martyrs' column,. Thousands attended the meeting, including delegates from all over the country (and, interestingly, as reported, from the CPI(M)!), in spite of a massive presence of 15 platoons of armed police. The people continue in their struggle and the Tatas are still stalled in their land grab here. The price has been the same. The people of Nandigram and Kalinganagar were defending their land. The people of Lalgarh have asserted the existence of local power : the police must take permission from the headman before entering a village. The state refuses to part with an iota of its power, and has, with the murder of Nirmal Sardar, introduced violence into the confrontation. The basic problematic now faces the Lalgarh movement. Go to top ******************** Feb 2, 2009: Violence in Lalgarh - overtones of a Salwa Judum style conflict?** By Partho Sarathi Ray, Sanhati It is a matter of grave concern that the situation in Lalgarh and adjoining areas is taking the overtones of a Salwa Judum - like condition. The CPI(M)-created and led Gana Pratirodh Committee and Adibasi-o-anadibasi Aikya committee, are mounting increasing attacks on members of the Peoples' committees against police repression, which is exemplified by the recent murder of Nirmal Sardar. A few hours ago there was firing by CPI(M) cadres on a public rally of the Peoples' Committees in Ramgarh, and reportedly four people have been killed with many more injured. This game of playing adivasi against adivasi is taking the situation to a boiling point. Yesterday, Nandalal Pal, an influential leader of the CPI(M), had been gunned down in the same area, allegedly by Maoists. With the ploy of resisting the Maoists, these Salwa Judum like vigilante groups floated by the CPI(M) are creating turmoil in the entire Jangalkhand area. The Telegraph reports: Three tribals were killed in restive Lalgarh in West Midnapore today in a clash between a resistance group and CPM activists carrying the body of a leader slain by suspected Maoists. The tragedy is threatening to reopen the wounds in Lalgarh that was under a Nandigram-style blockade for over a month from November 7. Today's bloodletting traces its roots to the Maoist attack on the chief minister's convoy on November 2. The alleged police excesses that followed gave birth to the People's Committee Against Police Atrocities in Lalgarh. The committee had declared the area out of bounds for the police even after the blockade with felled trees was lifted in December. However, in today's CPM cortege of at least 12 cars and 40 motorcycles, there were some policemen. "Our supporters stopped the policemen escorting the convoy. Our intention was not to stop the convoy. But some CPM workers and policemen started shooting. Those killed are our supporters," committee leader Chhatradhar Mahato said. The CPM, which suspects Maoists backed the tribals in the clash in which bullets and arrows flew, alleged the committee's supporters had fired first. Mahato denied the allegation. West Midnapore police chief Rajesh Kumar Singh did not say who fired first but insisted it was not the police. The victims were identified as Rajaram Mandi, 55, his son Lakhiram, 25, and Gopinath Soren, 37. The CPM activists were returning with the body of zonal committee member Nandalal Pal, shot dead by suspected Maoists yesterday, after the post-mortem. "When the procession reached Khas Jangal around 2.30pm, it was stopped by the committee's supporters, including women," a police officer said. The agitators allegedly smashed the windscreen of a police jeep. "The tribals opened fire and shot arrows at our workers. Our supporters managed to flee with Nandalal's body," said Dahareswar Sen, a CPM leader. Later in the evening, the agitators placed tree trunks on the main road connecting Lalgarh with Ramgarh, the site of a police camp, in about 15 places. "We will block roads across Lalgarh again tomorrow," Mahato said, demanding that the camp be abandoned. During the month-long blockade in November, security officials had expressed the fear that Maoists from Jharkhand were using the cover to replenish supplies. CPM leaders said this evening they would not let the situation escalate. "We don't want more trouble. We want the tribals with us. But we must remember that our partymen cannot just sit back and take all the beating," state secretariat member Benoy Konar said. Trinamul Congress chief Mamata Banerjee dubbed the killings "state-sponsored terrorism". She said she would visit Lalgarh if the situation did not improve in a day or two. Go to top ******************** Feb 5: Police camp shift demanded by tribals** - The Telegraph Tribal leaders today decided to launch a movement for the removal of two police camps here for "doing nothing to protect the tribals". One camp, in Ramgarh, houses 120 CRPF personnel and the other, in Kalaimuri, 80 Indian Reserve Battalion personnel. Chhatradhar Mahato, the leader of the Peoples' Committee Against Police Atrocities, said the decision was taken because of the "total inaction of the police while our people were being killed by CPM goons". "Three innocent tribals have been shot in front of the police," Mahato said. "Instead of arresting the culprits, the police provided them safe passage. So we do not trust the police, nor can we hope they will ensure our protection. There is a nexus between the police and the CPM. Monday's firing was a clear example of this. So we don't require them here any more." Three tribals were killed in a clash between a resistance group and CPM activists carrying the body of a leader slain by suspected Maoists in Khas Jangal in West Midnapore on Monday. Mahato said there would be a meeting soon to decide when to launch the movement. "We have decided to chase them away very sn. If they don't go, we will pull them out of their camps," Mahato said. In December 2008, following persistent demands from the tribals, the Ramgarh police camp was shifted out of Lalgarh. However, a week later, it was shifted back following a meeting between the administration and the tribal leaders. Today's announcement came at a "protest meeting" of the committee at Belatikri, attended by around 1,000 tribals. Go to top ******************** Feb 6, 2009: Lalgarh Movement Faces State Terror By Koustav De, MRZine. The demonstrations of the indigenous tribal people ['adivasis'] of West Bengal, India against longstanding police brutality have not dissipated with time, contrary to the expectations of the police, the ruling party of West Bengal the Communist Party of India (Marxist) [CPI(M)], and the other mainstream parties, the Congress and the longtime Hindutva fascist allied Trinamool Congress. The movement that had its roots in a sleepy hamlet of Lalgarh in West Midnapore district of West Bengal, India has spread and matured. It has come to pose a major threat to the CPI(M), the self-proclaimed vanguard of the 'backward castes': the entire movement was without conventional leadership, and the villages that have been touched by this movement have done away with all traditional political leaders and tribal elders and elected a People's Committee against Police Atrocities comprising five men and five women. They vehemently criticize the CPI(M) for the absence of development, even though they have been in the government continuously for almost 33 years now. Under the pressure of the movement even the government has, at least on occasions, had to accept that the funds allocated for tribal development have been misused. The adivasi movement has been completely non-violent and democratic, as it has depended on mass mobilizations of tribal people, and it is becoming increasingly difficult for the police and the ruling party to brand them as 'Maoists'. For the West Bengal government, now repeatedly faced with popular dissent from the left, branding dissenters as 'Maoist extremists', thus justifying the use of murderous repressive violence, has become a convenient practice. This has long been the practice in many other states of India, but only in the last years has the CPI(M)-dominated government of West Bengal set down this tragic road. The turning point came in the villages of Singur and Nandigram, where blundering attempts at the expropriation of rural cultivators in order to set up capitalist Special Economic Zones ['SEZs'] turned many against the CPI(M) and led to violence. But unlike Nandigram, the tribal people taking part in the present movement have not had to defend themselves by force as their mass base is almost absolute and geographically they are too widespread to be surrounded and attacked. And their demands, far from being revolutionarily or radical, are about basic democratic rights and assurance that they will not be illegally detained and tortured by the police for being 'suspected Maoists'. These developments have without doubt caused distress at the highest levels, both at the Home Ministry in New Delhi with its U.S. advisers, and at police and party headquarters in Calcutta. It has thus become increasingly necessary to drive this organized movement onto violent paths so that it could be justifiably suppressed with violence. On the morning of 25th January, these forces, in a textbook CIA-style operation, abducted and murdered Nirmal Sardar, a leading organizer of the Tribal movement in the Belpahari region of West Midnapore. The adivasi movement which prided itself in being able to achieve such success without shedding a drop of blood had their first martyr. Nirmal Sardar was murdered the same day the Peoples Committee had called for a massive demonstration near Belpahari. The committee, bravely, went ahead with their programme. And, as if this justified murder, police attempted to brand Nirmal a Maoist squad member (The Telegraph, Monday, January 26, 2009). The murder of an organizer added another dimension to the program and the speakers called for the people to be even more determined and demonstrate in front of the police station against the murder of their beloved activist. Speakers called upon all locals to boycott that administration completely, putting forth the success of similar strategies in Lalgarh protests. The Lalgarh blockade that carried on for weeks had indeed successfully earned the people their rights to normal life and brought lasting peace in Lalgarh, free from police excesses. The rally of 25th January was a huge success with large number of the tribal population turning up in thousands with their traditional weapons and drums to display more of their spirit and culture than aggression. They distributed leaflets, played traditional music in their drums and listened to speeches all with the same intensity. There were even human rights and political groups from cities, who were welcome and shared the stage. This major mobilization took place at Chakadoba village near Belpahari and was significant. It was a successful attempt to encourage the tribal population of the region to come out and participate in demonstrations, defying the police terror. Belpahari, which was supposed to be a major tourist destination, has been a centre of police atrocities in Bengal for quite some years; it has been among the first places where the adivasis rose up to demand their rights, but as they failed to spread their movement, the government choked them and terrorized them. This indeed led to many adivasi youth joining the Maoists and picking up arms in retaliation. And in turn this has led to further torture and staged 'encounters' by the police. Evidently there has never been a positive initiative on the part of the administration to seek real solutions to the grassroots economic and social problems. All their energies and money have been spent on fortifying the police stations, acquiring anti-mine vehicles and arming the police with sophisticated weapons. The only thing this has done is to make more and more adivasi youths run away from their homes in fear of arbitrary police torture and join the resistance. The present movement has learnt from the Belpahari experience. It has not been on a small scale and un-coordinated. It has come forth on a large scale both in terms of support and geographic area; and with time it has become close knit and well organized. In fact the Lalgarh movement that has moved beyond its borders has given the Belpahari adivasi a new voice and a new support. The meeting on the afternoon of Nirmal's death saw 89 buses and trucks packed with adivasi activists, both inside and on top, coming from far-off villages in solidarity. As always a major percentage of them were women. The next attempt at discrediting the movement came when on 1st February: CPI(M) leader Nandalal Pal was shot dead near Lalgarh, the epicenter of the movement, where the strength and support of this movement was absolute. Fingers were pointed at Maoists and the People's Committee against Police Atrocities which has long been under scanner for any Maoist link. Exploiting the brutality and tragedy of the incident, the local CPI(M) became busy trying to blame the Maoists or the Committee for the murder. The best they could come up with was 'retaliation against the murder of Nirmal Sardar' (The Telegraph, Monday, February 2, 2009). However, murdering an opposition leader at a place where he had no influence seemed too weak a political motive, and soon theories of the police themselves carrying out this act in order to discredit the people's movement emerged. Then on 2nd February, as the Committee was holding a scheduled mass meeting, a CPI(M) procession mourning Nandalal's death passed the meeting, and suddenly gunshots were fired from within the procession towards the meeting, killing two people on the spot and injuring seven more. This has caused violent repercussions with blockades being erected all around Lalgarh and other villages and police vehicles being set to fire. Even as I write the protest is taking new turns, and the entire movement with it. Unfortunately, past experience has proved that only with many more martyrs and blood do the media and the general urban masses take note of, let alone protest, such atrocities. What we are seeing is an attempt by the centre to use the West Bengal police, with the blind and mistaken assistance of the leadership of the West Bengal CPI(M), to extend the fascist police repression of the adivasi that has brought civil war to Chhatisgarh and Jharkhand to West Bengal. The people of West Bengal must prevent this disaster from happening. Go to top ************** Lalgarh people decide to boycott General Elections** March 23 - April 3 2009 A People's Committee Against Police Atrocities meeting in Lalgarh today (March 27) formalised its decision to boycott the general election if its resistance to poll police failed. "We have decided to boycott the polls if we can't prevent the security forces from entering Lalgarh for election duty," said Chhatradhar Mahato. The tribal leader threatened to block and dig up roads after the polls if the police entered Lalgarh. In neighbouring Purulia, the tribals of Chhapragera on the Ayodhya hills held policemen looking for a man with suspected Maoist links hostage for almost six hours. Pratik Kit, the officer in charge of Balarampur police station, had to apologise to the villagers for the raid. The blockade was lifted after after the police went away. Report from March 25 The tribal resistance group in restive Lalgarh today threatened to boycott the elections if police forced their way into the villages. "We have repeatedly said we won't allow security forces (for poll duty) in Lalgarh. But if the police or any other force make their way in and we fail to resist them, we will boycott the elections," said Chhatradhar Mahato of the People's Committee Against Police Atrocities. The committee will hold a meeting on Friday to take a final decision on a plan to deploy forces for the elections, revealed to its leaders by the district administration yesterday. "We will hold a meeting on the administration's proposal. But we have already taken a decision not to allow the police inside Lalgarh at any cost," said Lalmohan Tudu, the president of the committee. The committee had pledged to keep the police out last December after its demand for the apology of the West Midnapore superintendent for alleged atrocities committed by his force while searching for suspected Maoists were turned down. Asked whether police ac- tion had resumed in Lalgarh, home secretary Ardhendu Sen said: "The process of isolating the Maoists from villagers has already started. The task is difficult as the Maoists have strongholds in many villages." Chief electoral officer De-bashis Sen declined comment. "We are keeping a watch on the situation," he said. A team of senior police officers led by inspector-general (western range) Kuldiep Singh today made an aerial survey of Lalgarh and neighbouring Belpahari. "We made the survey to work out the deployment of forces before the polls. We also wanted to assess the terrain and decide on the roads to be taken by the security forces," an officer said. West Midnapore police chief Manoj Verma said the chopper survey, being carried out in the Maoist belt of West Midnapore, Purulia and Bankura, had revealed "a shed made of hay and barricades made by piling stones", which looked like a guerrilla training camp from above. Report from March 24 Tribal leaders in West Midnapore's Lalgarh today indicated they would not allow police to enter their "territory" for election duty, putting the government in a quandary. After a meeting called by the chief minister at Writers' Buildings, home secretary Ardhendu Sen said: "All of us are aware that the Lok Sabha polls are near and police presence in Lalgarh is essential. Hundreds of poll personnel would be in Lalgarh and their safety and security is the government's concern. That is why we want the police to move into Lalgarh. However, we don't want any confrontation with the people." The deployment "will be entirely from the poll pers- pective", Sen said. "The Election Commission has told us there should be adequate security in Lalgarh." However, after a meeting with West Midnapore district magistrate Narayan Swarup Nigam and police chief Manoj Verma, the tribal leader of the People's Committee Ag- ainst Police Atrocities said the government would have to accept responsibility if the resistance to the police resulted in casualties. "We told the administra-tion we'd inform them about our decision after talking to our leaders. But I am certain our decision will be to not allow the police to enter Lalgarh. The polls can be held without any police presence in Lalgarh. However, if the police forcibly enter the area, the people will resist. In that case, the government will be responsible for casualties," Chhatradhar Mahato said after the meeting at the Lalgarh subdivisional office. The home secretary said the elections couldn't be fair with armed Maoists stalking the area. "There is a need to flush out the Maoists operating in Lalgarh as they won't allow peaceful polls. Any sort of appeal to them also won't work," he added. Therefore, Sen said, "a tactical strategy" would have to be worked out. "We are considering ways to ensure police presence in Lalgarh, though we cannot reveal what they are," Sen added. Chief secretary Asok Mohan Chakrabarti insisted that this would have to be through discussions with the tri-bals as the government did not want any armed confrontation. "There's no question of going into a confrontation with the innocent people of Lalgarh. Talks with the tribals will have to be taken forward. However, the state government will have to follow every poll panel directive on holding elections, be it police deployment or any other issue," Chakrabarti said. Go to top ***************** Violence imminent in Lalgarh over pretext of holding elections Petition against the entry of police/paramilitary forces into Lalgarh on the pretext of holding elections Koustav De, Sanhati There are unconfirmed reports that there will be police action in Lalgarh on 7th April night or within the next couple of days. The people of Lalgarh are suspecting so and so are the media, all regional media are trying to send in their correspondents/ reporters, camera crew into Lalgarh by today or tomorrow as they are claiming to have reports that police will cut of Lalgarh, make in inaccessible to all from tomorrow onwards. However this is mere speculation and can be a conscious effort on the part of State to create some amount of panic among the people inside Lalgarh movement. Even as i key write this, it is being reported that the election commission is considering a dialogue with the Lalgarh committee against police atrocities before deciding upon forced police entry. There are opinions that the State will not take any chance before the elections, but nothing can be ruled out. There are confirmed reports from teams visiting Lalgarh that few helicopters are seen regularly patrolling the sky above Lalgarh and at lest two temporary helipads have been built around Lalgarh. It is feared that this attack on Lalgarh would be of a different scale and magnitude, and it will not be carried out by CPI(M) mercenaries in police uniform carrying 303s but will most definitely be carried out by fully armed para-military forces. There was a rally on 6th April from College Street to Esplanade called by 'Lalgarh Andolon Sanhati Mancha' with the slogan 'Prevent another Nandigram in Lalgarh', it was joined by the adivasis from Lalgarh and Belpahari who came all the way in three buses. It was a beautiful rally with tribal songs and drums being played alongside the slogans, but was attended by very few from Kolkata. In fact the adivasis were the clear majority. Picture 1 from April 6 rally Picture 2 from April 6 rally Picture 3 from April 6 rally Picture 4 from April 6 rally Go to top *********** Armed Lalgarh adivasis descend on Kolkata Express News Service, Apr 07, 2009 Armed with traditional bows and arrows, tangis, chisels, sticks along with dhamsa and madol, nearly a hundred adivasis took to the streets of Kolkata on Monday. They were protesting against the entry of police into the tribal areas of Lalgarh. While the tribals have vowed not to let the police in during the Lok Sabha polls, they have, however, welcomed talks with political parties and the Election Commission. "I want to vote… but without the presence of the police. Why do we need the police when we can protect ourselves?" said 30-year-old Shombhari Murmu. With a tangi (a traditional weapon similar to a long axe) in her hand, she was one of the tribals who walked down the streets of the city shouting slogans against the police. Under the banner of the Lalgarh Sanhati Mancha and other similar organisations, tribals and intellectuals raised their voice against the deployment of police during the polls. "We know polls are a democratic process. So why should police be there. Today our people have come with weapons to warn that if the CPM-backed government tries to use force, the history of revolt will repeat itself," said Chatradhar Mahato, convener, Police Santrash Birodhi Public Committee (PSBPC). Following the statement by the home secretary about the police entering Lalgarh ahead of elections, Mahato had announced that there would be armed mass resistance if the police trie to enter the tribal areas. At Monday's rally Mahato and other tribal leaders said they will provide security to anyone who wants to come to Lalgarh during the elections. They welcomed any discussion with the government or the political parties without the presence of the police. "The chief minister keeps saying he is not being allowed inside Lalgarh. That is a lie. If he wanted he could have come, but without any police personnel. Mamata Banerjee had also come. I was asked by the chief electoral officer to come for discussion today. But because of the rally I could not attend it. If the commission gives us a written invitation to sit for talks we will do so in future," Mahato added. "Using elections as a pretext they will oppress us again. We will not allow even the central forces to visit Lalgarh as they also work under the guidance of the state government," he alleged. Go to top *********** Police and Harmad Vahini try to enter Lalgarh - a factfinding report** April 12, 2009 Five members of the All-India Fact Finding team were present in Madhupur village of Salboni 1 Block on 11th April 2009 from around 10 am to 12 noon. On reaching the village, the members found the villagers anxious and agitated. A group of 25-30 police personnel carrying firearms had tried to enter the village ten minutes ago. From accounts, when the women of the village resisted and refused them entry, the police threatened to beat up the women. The villagers then gathered in full strength and forced the police to leave the village. In the presence of the fact finding team members, the villagers prepared for a procession to warn nearby villages against possible further entries by the police and the Harmad Vahini. People from other villages who had been informed soon joined the procession. Women participated in large numbers. They were completely peaceful, not carrying any fire-arms, and not in a mood for any confrontation. Members of the fact finding team left as the procession was beginning. We later came to know from the villagers that the procession had been fired upon by the Harmad Vahini near Memul, a village adjacent to Madhupur. Members of the procession were forced to flee, and women in Memul had to lock themselves up in their houses. It appears that the Harmad Vahini also destroyed some of the houses in Memul, and tried to break down doors. Given the past experience of the villagers, it appears that the attempted entry of the police in the morning is linked to the attack by the Harmad Vahini, subsequently, which seems to lend credence to the fears and distrust of police by the people of Lalgarh. Madhupur fact-finding team: Vidya Das, adivasi rights activist, Agragamee, Kashipur, Orissa Gautam Navlakha, PUDR, consulting editor, EPW Colin Gonsalves, supreme court lawyer, Human rights law network Budhaditya Das, student, DU Manika Bora, student, JNU Go to top ***************** Funds misuse at the root of Adivasi root of Adivasi stir: Bankura DM The district administration said today that the failure to utilise funds meant for rural development, especially in certain tribal dominated areas in Bankura, is responsible for the continued tribal agitation in villages adjacent to the jungle. The district authorities have also initiated intensive mapping of areas where movements have taken place, following the Election Commission's recommendations. While mapping the troubled areas, the district administration has found that 56 villages are reeling under severe crises. "A section of South Bankura villages have become troublesome, and we have learnt that the failure to fulfill demands for basic amenities is the root of these troubles. I have sought explanations from five BDOs as to why development work are still pending," said Mr Sundar Majumdar, DM, Bankura, at a Press conference in the district headquarters. SP, Mr Vishal Garg, was also present at the Press conference. It may be recalled that on 7 April, the Police Santras Birodhi Public Committee had hijacked nine CPI-M cadres and supporters from Bezdanga village in Sarenga PS area. They were released only after negotiation with Mr Chatradhar Mahato, the PSBPC chief, who said the abduction was staged to attract the attention of the administration. Admitting that certain areas are still poorly developed, Mr Majumdar said: "It's a fact that villages are yet to enjoy the basic amenities." Go to top ************ Lalgarh agrees to elections on its own terms** Koustav De, Sanhati. April 22, 2009 The Lalgarh adivasis have agreed to polls on April 30. After discussions with the election commission, it has been agreed that instead of police entering the villages, the booths will be located outside the villages where Police Boycott is still on. It is to be noted that the movement has spread across districts, but the area where police boycott is on is limited. Since the booths will be far away from the villages, the Election Commission will arrange for buses to carry the voters to the booths. This solution was proposed by the People's Committee Against Police Atrocities, and was accepted by Commission. The Commission was clear on its part that it had the sole intention of carrying out its duty ie. holding elections, the relocation of booths was possible and since that would lead a solution without force/bloodshed the comission agreed. As for establishing 'law and order' in the region, it was no concern for the elction comission and it was left to the State to decide upon it post election. Importantly this proposal given by the committee cearly projects that it is a people's movement that time and again reflects that people's decisions. They wanted to vote sans the police, and that is what tehy have achieved. Being out of reach of police and amidst repeated mainstream media and ruling party claims that this is a movemnt of the Maoists (and not local adivasi), this clear departure of the People's Committee from the Maoist line of Poll Boycott is most significant. Go to top ************** A Brief Report on the Adivasi Rally on April 24 at the heart of Kolkata** By Koustav De, Sanhati. April 25, 2009 The rally was a huge success with adivasis from across Midnapore, Puruliya and other areas of Jangal Khand participating in numbers. It was an enormous rally, next only to the rally on November 14, 2007. However there were several obstacles: a large number of adivasis were not allowed to join the rally and their buses were stopped and the drivers heckled by the police. Reportedly some 150 buses came from Lalgarh area alone. The rally was participated by people from Nandigram, Khejuri, Singur, Puruliya, Bankura, Asansole and several other regions. A clear point was made as to the spirit of the adivasi movement and it's mass base. The theme was to make a call upon all people to protest against state violence all over. And the call was thoroughly successful. Trouble broke out near Kalamandir when six buses from Lalgarh unloaded it's passengers and were returning. The police stopped the empty buses and demanded bribe (which happens to be the common practice for buses from outside Kolkata); when they refused the police dragged a driver out, beat him up and broke a glass of that bus. The other drivers informed the adivasi passengers who had alighted and were moving in a rally towards the meeting point. Soon some 1500 people gathered and blockaded the road in protest. They demanded immediate apology and compensation for the harassment and damage. At the other end, the rally was being addressed from a stage near the decided point at Esplanade. As the news of trouble near Kalamandir came in, a team left to look into the matter. Even as a beautiful program, combining speeches and adivasi songs and dance was going on, in sharp contrast a heated exchange was going on between demonstrators and the police. The police decided to wait and watch thinking that the people who has traveled some six hours already were going to loose all their energy with time. However the protesters were adamant that without an apology they would not budge. As the program at Esplanade ended, everyone decided to stand by the sit-in at Kalamandir and decided to blockade at Esplanade. Overcoming some minor obstacles and provocations of the police and the RAF, thousands of adivasis blocked the heart of Kolkata. The two groups at Esplanade and Kalamandir co-ordinated and decided that a consolidated blockade will be continued into the night at Esplanade. As the massive rally from Kalamandir arrived at Esplanade, their anger was quite visible and the RAF decided to keep safe distance and retreated. From the evening, well into the night the heart of Kolkata was virtually occupied by the people of Jangal Mahal. Media flocked in and their voices were heard. The police decided that it was no longer safe to assume that their enthusiasm would burn out. Chatradhar Mahato got a call from the commissioner and soon a high ranking police official was sent to Esplanade to receive the complain. The complain was received and the official agreed to look into the matter and punish the police officer responsible after a enquiry, within seven days. The people erupted in slogans and rallied towards Sahid Minar where the buses were parked. Posters in the Rally: Pictures of the Rally: Go to top ************* 5000 villagers raze govt building in Salboni to keep cops out Nearly 5,000 tribals in Salboni, wielding shovels, axes and hammers and allegedly led by Maoists, today demolished a government building that till last week was a police camp. The structure at Kalaimuri near Lalgarh in West Midnapore — the first government building to be torn down by the tribals — took three hours to destroy. Chhatradhar Mahato, who leads the People's Committee Against Police Atrocities that is at the forefront of the Lalgarh tribal resistance, said: "We had appealed to the villagers not to demolish the building as we planned to set up a health care centre there, but we could not persuade them." He added: "The people have lost faith in the police and they feared the security forces would return." Today, neither Chhatradhar nor the secretary of the committee, Sidhu Soren, was present at Kalaimuri when the villagers rained blows on the building. One of the tribals who helped bring the building down was 35-year-old Paritosh Mahato, a farmer from Gadra near Lalgarh. "When we started our agitation in November last year, the police withdrew several camps, including this one in Kalaimuri. But the camps started functioning again in December," Paritosh said. "Had the building remained standing, the police would have returned with reinforcements. That's why we demolished it." Bimal Tudu, a 40-year-old labourer who too was in the demolition team, echoed Paritosh's fears. "Now the police won't be able to return to Kalaimuri," he said. The policemen stationed at the camp used to patrol parts of Lalgarh, an area the tribals have made inaccessible to the force after alleged excesses on villagers following a blast on the chief minister's convoy route last year. The 90 policemen stationed at the camp left it on April 27 after the tribals pushed them to the brink of starvation by preventing them from buying provisions for several days. Manoj Kumar Verma, the West Midnapore superintendent of police, said he had received news of the demolition and had informed his superiors. "We will not move into Kalaimuri now because it may lead to untoward incidents. We don't want a confrontation with the villagers at this moment. Today's demolition of the camp was led by Maoists," he said. The police said that around 11am, a group of Maoists gathered in front of the camp, one of four in Salboni. "They (the Maoists) contacted people in the neighbouring villages and asked them to assemble near the camp," a police officer said. "Nearly 5,000 villagers with bows, arrows, axes, iron rods and shovels gathered within half an hour. Some in the demolition squad were women." The officer added: "The Maoists held an hour-long meeting with them and the demolition began around 1pm. The camp building was completely destroyed by 4pm." Police sources said the tribals had come from about a dozen villages. Go to top ************ Hard times in Bleak Houses: How the women in Lalgarh eke out a living** The Statesman, May 21 2009 Members of the All India Committee against Violence on Women expressed great shock and remorse over how the women in the Jungle Mahal of Belpahari and Lalgarh area in West Midnapore have been fighting a relentless battle to eke out a living. Four members of the committee ~ Mrs Soma Mukherjee, Mrs Tripti Pal, Mrs Sanchita Mukherjee and Mrs Swapna Mukherjee ~ visited the area over the past two days to study how the womenfolk are making ends meet following the arrest of the male members of their families by the government's security agencies. The committee members told the Press today that the women have to go into the forests to collect sal and kendu leaves and other raw materials to make ropes and sell them earning a meagre Rs 20 to 25 a day during the summer. Their young daughters also help them and to this end most have dropped out of schools. None of the families have benefited from the NREGA owing to which 50 per cent have no means to obtain food even once a day. Their income increases to Rs 40 per day for only a couple of months during sowing and harvesting while the five to six-member families have to remain half-fed the rest of the year. Hinchajhore, Kheriarata, Bagdoba, Jamirdiha, Dangardiha, Chitamati and Laljal are villages that are worst hit. At Laljal, 30 families of the total of 36 families belong to the BPL category. They cannot even afford to avail of the Rs 2 or Rs 3 a kg rice and wheat schemes. The committee members noted that the villagers have to walk two to three kilometres everyday to get drinking water. Most of the villages here are still inaccessible as the roads are non-existent. The landscape in the Jungle Mahal remained as it was 32 years ago, Mrs Soma Mukherjee added. They were reluctant to get in touch with the local panchayats for ameliorating their grievances as it had done no good to them. They were fed up with the panchayats as they had to cough up Rs 150 each to the local panchayat leaders to acquire basic amenities at their houses two years ago. But not a single facility has been set up in any of these villages, the villagers told the committee members. They were stunned to see that the women along with the menfolk have been voluntarily working to dig four wells, two big bundhs and constructing village roads at Kirulia, Banslata villages with funds from their own pocket. The committee members said that they will publish their reports in a book and send it to the MPs and MLAs so that they can raise the issues in the Houses besides carrying out a campaign across the country and abroad through the UNICEF. Go to top ********************** Tribals take control of Lalgarh** June 16, 2009. Rediff News Two more Communist Party of India-Marxist cadres were found dead as pro-Naxal tribals, agitating against alleged police atrocities, on Monday torched three police camps and demolished house of a Marxist leader, virtually taking control of Lalgarh in West Midnapur district after forcing security forces to leave the area. The police camps at Belatkri and Dharampur and the Ramgarh outpost in Lalgarh were wound up in the wake of apprehensions that tribals, who have launched an agitation under the banner of the People's Committee Against Police Atrocities, may loot the arms, the police said. The tribals later torched the Ramgarh police outpost as also police camps at Beratikri and Dharmapur. They also demolished a camp at Kaima from where the Central Reserve Police Force withdrew, the sources said. The camps were ransacked before being torched, official sources said. With this the entire Lalgarh area came under the control of the People's Committee Against Police Atrocities, as also most of the area under Salboni police station, they said. Three bodies of CPI-M supporters who were killed at Dharmapur, were still lying there, bodies of two others reported missing were found at Salpatra, the sources said, adding that four Marxist supporters were still missing. Tribals also demolished the palatial house of a CPI-M leader Anuj Pandey with crowbars and hammers at Lalgarh, the sources said, adding that Pandey had fled the site. Tribals have launched a violent agitation against the police since November last year when West Bengal Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee and two then Union ministers Ramvilas Paswan and Jitindra Prasad narrowly escaped a landmine blast at Salboni in the district. In Kolkata, the Chief Minister on Monday evaded queries on the situation in the restive district. "I know nothing about what you are saying," Chief Secretary Asok Mohan Chakraborty said. Police chief Sujit Sarkar also refused to comment. Though Lalgarh was in the control of the tribals, the 40 to 50 police personnel at the police station were still there, but were not resisting the tribals, the sources said. In the morning, a contingent of CRPF tried to go to Lalgarh, but were stopped by the tribals at Gherua. The CRPF personnel then entered a school building, but were compelled to leave when a mob of 2,500 tribals started demonstrating, the sources said. The tribals allegedly went around 170 villages in Lalgarh area, threatening CPI-M partymen and supporters to leave for their own safety. Meanwhile, a Maoist leader known as Bikash claimed that his outfit was leading the tribal agitation at Lalgarh. "Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee is saying that we are providing support to the tribal movement and not actively participating. This is not true. We are actively in the movement and will continue to support it," Bikash, told PTI over phone. Referring to the landmine blast at Salboni, Bikash said, "We failed." However, Chhatradhar Mahato, the leader of tribal platform PCAPA, reiterated that his organisation had no link with Maoists. Go to top ****************** CRPF arrives in Lalgarh, govt seeks more force** June 16, 2009. The Economic Times. Finally, the fatigues are moving in to control the flare-up in trouble-torn Lalgarh in West Bengal's west-Midnapore district. The Centre has just despatched two companies of specialist CRPF jawans trained in anti-Maoist combat to take up positions in Lalgarh by Tuesday night, while three more companies are on the way. With 500 specialised commandos of the CRPF moving in, one expects the lawlessness at Lalgarh to subside to an extent over the next few days. One wonders, however, whether that will eliminate the problem of Lalgarh completely since the ultras have over the past several months been given so much of leeway by an extremely slack administration that they have had ample time to go from strength to strength. Incidentally on Monday, Maoists went to the extent of holding a press conference at Lalgarh with the spokesman having his back to camera and claiming proudly that they had indeed planned to kill West Bengal chief minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee on November 2, 2008 in a landmine explosion. Nevertheless, senior state police officials including the director general of police and inspector general of police (law and order) held a crucial meeting on Tuesday to chalk out the strategy for the crack CRPF teams to follow up. No state police official, no matter how senior or well armed, has had the guts to visit Lalgarh and take on the Maoists of late. However, since they know the terrain well, their advice will be of use to the paramilitary forces to some extent. Incidentally, Lalgarh is an issue that has made both CPIM and Trinamool Congress demand Central help. The CPIM politburo issued a statement on Monday's incidents at Lalgarh and urged the Centre to immediately rush the required number of para-military forces to Lalgarh. Within just a few hours, one company of para-military forces reached West Bengal and was rushed to Lalgarh. Trinamool Congress chief and railway minister Mamata Banerjee also condemned the Maoist activities in Lalgarh and said that she did not support the politics of violence and killings. Mamata also said that "I want Central agencies to come to West Bengal and carry out a combing operations in the Maoist-infested areas." Mamata on Monday night sent one of her leaders and Union minister of state for shipping, Mukul Roy to Delhi to brief the finance minister Pranab Mukherjee the Lalgarh situation and post-poll violence in the state. Terming the continuous violence in different parts of the state like Lalgarh, and Khejuri as "frightful" Mamata told reporters that "if arms are not seized immediately, the situation will worsen in our state and internal security will be at a stake." The Trinamool supremo also came down heavily on the West Bengal home secretary Ardhendu Sen and urged him to take action against those CPIM activists from whose possession the arms were found. "I urge the home secretary to withdraw the cases against our men who were implicated falsely by the police and start cases under arms act against those CPIM activists who had stored arms and ammunition at their homes," Mamata said. Mamata also said that attacks were organised against the minority and Dalits in several pockets of West Bengal after the poll results were out. Political observers read a message in Mamata's claim. As per the constitution of India, the Centre can intervene into affairs of any state government if the minorities and dalits face any atrocity and seek Centre's support for themselves. Even though Mamata is not openly claiming imposition of article 356 in West Bengal, she has already given enough indication that her party would not hesitate to demand for the same. The opposition leader in the state Assembly and Trinamool Congress MLA, Partha Chatterjee has already demanded imposition of article 356 during his recent meeting with the West Bengal governor Gopal Krishna Gandhi. Go to top ************ Dealing with bow and arrow June 20, 2009. By Latha Jishnu, Business Standard The views of the Lalgarh siege are largely determined by what the media considers the essence of the confrontation. We have seen pictures of torched CPI(M) buildings with the trademark hammer and sickle going up in flames, Maoists (angry villagers?) on the rampage, a chilling shot of a corpse outside the party office, the paramilitary forces in action — in combat positions and clean-up operations (men being dragged out of homes and taken into custody). Fundamentally, these tell a story of an uprising that is being brought under control by the heavy hand of the security forces nearly eight months after it started, a small battle that may be won in the many insurgencies that shake India. But there is a more striking image that merits closer attention — of a huge rally of peasant women on November 7, 2008. They are dressed in colourful saris, hair neatly pulled back in buns, their dark faces determined and unsmiling. Most of them are wielding bow and arrow, a few with arrows at the ready. Others have axes slung across their shoulders, as is the wont of tribal folk, as they march on the Lalgarh police station. Who are these women? Yes, we know these are women from Lalgarh who were incensed when men of their village were arrested randomly after Maoists had ambushed a convoy of the West Bengal chief minister just a few days earlier. Most of the angry villagers have banded themselves under the banner of the Lalgarh People's Committee against Police Atrocities, which seems a fairly straightforward description of their cause. But they have all been dubbed Maoists now by officialdom and the media, even if ideology is far from being the spur that drove them to take on the state. Take the case of the Dongria Khonds who managed to make their way to the Belamba village in Kalahandi district of Orissa for a public hearing in April on Vedanta's plans to expand their aluminum refinery to the world's largest such facility. Most of them were not allowed to speak — the brute force of the state aligned with corporate power, managed to keep them out. The Adivasis are fighting to retain their sacred mountain, and the source of amazing natural bounty that keeps them from the hungry maws of the bulldozers seeking the rich bauxite deposits in Niyamgiri. The clashes began six years ago and are set to become more confrontational when the mining work starts. Soon, the Maoists/Naxalites will come to their aid, or the tribal people will themselves be dubbed Maoists. The point here is, does 21st-century India, determinedly pushing for higher and higher growth rates, understand the women with the bows and arrows, or the hill people with a radically different perspective on life? Does Lalgarh provide some pointers to what fuels the Naxalite/Maoist insurgencies across 125 districts of the country? The answer is yes and no. Although such struggles are fuelled by different causes, there are some fairly well-known reasons why the extremist movement is burgeoning. They draw their support from the deprived and dispossessed. To start with, one can be fairly certain that the Lalgarh women who are said to be Maoist supporters if not Maoists themselves, are predominantly Dalit or Adivasi. As such they are likely to have faced various forms of oppression, and been denied justice along with social, legal and political rights. They are also likely to be among the poorest strata. This is the analysis of the report of an expert group set up by the Planning Commission in 2006 which submitted its report in April 2008. 'Development Challenges in Extremist-Affected Areas', a 95-page report prepared by a group of administrators with experience of dealing with extremism, social scientists and human rights activists, is an excellent delineation of the causes of alienation, some well-known and others that give a fresh perspective on the issue. The report says it found some common aspects in its study of the 125 Naxal-influenced districts. The main support for the Naxalite movement, it points out, comes from Dalits and Adivasis, who comprise about a fourth of India's population and usually in areas where there are high levels of rural distress among SCs and STs. And predictably, the report listed land issues, internal displacement from industrialisation, the growing hordes of the project-affected, as other contributory factors. But it also touched upon the class divide that makes even the best policy prescriptions futile. "It is a matter of common observation that the inequalities between classes, between town and country, and between the upper castes and the underprivileged communities are increasing. That this has potential for tremendous unrest is recognised by all. But somehow policy prescriptions presume otherwise. As the responsibility of the state for providing equal social rights recedes in the sphere of policymaking, we have two worlds of education, two worlds of health, two worlds of transport and two worlds of housing, with a gaping divide in between." It's a stark truth that the newly-enlightened government of Manmohan Singh, which harps on inclusive growth, should not ignore. Clearly, it would be extremely difficult for the largely urban and Western-educated ruling class—the current UPA government has the largest number of MPs who studied in American and British universities — who are also among the richest in the country (300 crorepatis in the Lok Sabha, mostly businessmen) to relate to axe-wielding women who seek justice and honour in the rough backwoods of the country. And it matters little what the political persuasion of the rulers is. States ruled by parties as different from each other (or perhaps not) as the Congress, the BJP, the CPI(M) or the BJD are all struggling with the problem of alienation and extremism. All of them ought to take the dust off the report which offers some excellent administrative suggestions for coping with the Naxalite challenge. What the report does not offer is a political solution that is at the heart of the problem. It was not the brief of the group; for the government though, it must be the guiding core. It needs to put forward a vision of development that addresses the concerns of the millions who do not feel part of the changing India. Politics has to change before anything else can. Go to top ************ People's Committee against Police Atrocities vows to fight until death** June 20, 2009. The Telegraph The tribal body that started the seven-month- old Lalgarh agitation with Maoist backing today threatened a "fight to death" in the face of the government offensive. "We were born here, we are agitating here and we will die here," said Chhatradhar Mahato, chief of the People's Committee against Police Atrocities. "The barricades will continue. The more they are forcibly removed, the deeper will be the (public) anger at the police and support for us." Mahato, speaking to The Telegraph at Barapelia, 5km north of Lalgarh town, said the movement had begun because of the "government's long neglect of the tribal people, who have been surviving on ant eggs for far too long". "Our movement is for the development of the people. They (the government) cannot gain people's confidence by using force," Mahato, the secretary of the committee, added. He expressed surprise that the state government had called in paramilitary and additional police forces in response to the destruction of a house being built by Anuj Pandey, the CPM's Binpur zonal committee secretary. "Yet no one is asking how this leader could build such a palatial mansion," he said. Mahato alleged that Pandey's brother Dalim, Lalgarh CPM local committee leader, had amassed huge wealth. "Whenever any land transaction took place in the region, he would take a commission. Why were the police brought in to protect these tainted brothers?" The committee secretary wondered why no action was taken when CPM offices were burnt in Khejuri and the police boycotted at the behest of Trinamul Congress MP Subhendu Adhikari. "The same government is now using central forces against us…." Committee president Lalmohan Tudu, who too was at Barapelia, said everyone in the region supported the movement. "The battle has entered the heart of Lalgarh. The forces will now see what they are up against." Singrai Baskey, resident of Kantapahari, 7km north of Lalgarh town, said: "We are with the movement. We have realised how much this movement means to us now that the entire nation has its eyes fixed on Lalgarh." Go to top ****************** Beneath sari, brutal scars: Emerging stories of 20,000 refugees June 22. By Sujan Dutta, The Telegraph Shame is abandoned with great effort. But the women of this village are willing to draw up their saris, just to show how brutalised they are. At a relief camp in Pirakata, the crossroad that practically marks the end of the authority of the West Bengal government on the route to Lalgarh, they pulled up saris to reveal weals and scars to show how mercilessly they were beaten by the police. The police did not have orders to open fire. They were free to beat and brutalise. Kuldiha is 4km up ahead from Pirakata. It is desolate, save for the cows tethered to bamboo masts. The village has about 40 households. The refugees from the village say there was only one person in the village with a regular job — a government employee in the land reforms department. Most were farmers and cowherds. But this afternoon there is no one in any of the houses. The village is desolate. The men fled to the forests when the security forces began assembling. The battered women of Kuldiha roamed the fields and forests around here for two nights. This morning and afternoon, they began trickling into the camp at the Pirakata Primary High School set up by the local Trinamul Congress. Every armed conflict must have its share of refugees. The relief camp in Pirakata is the first to shelter the first in Lalgarh's latest round of violence. The village is spread on either side of a narrow metalled road. Inside, a motorcycle upturned into a pond is evidence of the violence that it has been through. There isn't a soul in sight. Cows tethered to bamboo masts moo because they are hungry. Their owners have left home. They are in the relief camp this afternoon. "The policewomen lifted my sari," sobs Bijola Mahato, "and kicked me while lathis rained down and a man shouted 'since your husband is not at home, let me come tonight and be your husband'". The Bengal government's order to the security forces it has amassed over here to go easy on the trigger has meant they can go hard with the lathi. In the wake of the advance to Bhimpur and Lalgarh over the last three days, armed police of the state force have been entering villages on either side of road, battering the people, rounding up at random, abusing and hurling obscenities. "When the police came into Kuldiha they were accompanied by two or three men," said Jamuna Mahato, whose 18-year-old son is missing. "They broke down the door of my house and dragged me out." There were policewomen and policemen. Belarani Mahato, who said she made tea at a shop in Kuldiha, said she was pulled by the hair. "The policemen were dragging the children but mostly our saris were being pulled up and we were being kicked and beaten with lathis," she said. Go to top ************ Cops Force Locals To Look For IEDs June 22. By Caesar Mandal, The Times of India The message from Writers' Buildings to show a more human face while dealing with the warring populace in Lalgarh apparently hasn't reached the force. Why else would a section of the state armed police (SAP) terrified of IED explosions catch hold of local youths and force them to poke around for hidden mines and explosives? Acts like this will trigger more calls for vengeance and lead people to doubt the sincerity of the government's attempts to pacify the tribal villagers. It also exposes the lack of preparedness of the administration. There are just two CID bomb disposal experts stationed at Lalgarh. A second team is kept in reserve in Midnapore town to be deployed in case of VIP movement'. A third is cooling its heels in Kolkata. There is not a single explosives expert with police forces anywhere else in the war zone a maze of over 250 villages and dense forests which are the site of several IED attacks. So much for battle plans. Ever since Friday evening's blast at Kuldiha, in which the Domkal SDPO's vehicle was hit and three policemen were critically injured, police have been wary of such attacks. The moment they come across any culvert, many policemen are scared to cross, fearing that Maoists might have planted an IED. Not all police units are attached to central forces who have minesweepers to clear the path ahead. Four blasts and half a dozen gunbattles have been reported ever since forces started their march to Lalgarh. Though no policeman has died, the guerrillas have scored a psychological victory they have sown the seeds of fear and anxiety. What's under the next tree or round the bend? It's this fear that has led some policemen, who are themselves not trained to detect explosives, to force local youths to do the dangerous job for them. The equipment given to these hapless youngsters? S-shaped rods tied to a rope that they have to hurl at suspicious objects from a distance and then tug and poke to see if there is an explosion. On Sunday morning, a section of SAP grabbed 7-10 youths, who have fled their homes, to scan the road from Pirakata camp to Bhimpur camp. Though the road was cleared on Saturday, the insurgents had regained control of it within hours and police were scared of an ambush. Eighteen-year- old Shambhu Ghosh, Madan Mahato (20) and Shakti Ghosh (23) from Dhangori village were among the unlucky locals. They have been on run since last Thursday when security forces entered the village searching for Maoists. On Sunday morning, the trio were having breakfast at a roadside eatery, close to the Pirakata camp, when a team of policemen surrounded them. One of them asked if they were from Dhangori village. "When we said yes, they asked us where we had been hiding for the last three days? We didn't give any answer. One of the policeman grabbed us by our collars and threatened to arrest us of we did not work for them," Shambhu said. The two were taken to Pirakata camp and given three-foot-long S-shaped rods (possibly taken from a construction site). They were then told to scan for any suspicious object say, an abandoned bag or a box lying on the roadside and use the rod to poke around and see if it triggers an explosion. The police divided the locals in two groups to scan the 7-km stretch between Pirakata and Bhimpur. The first stretch was from Pirakata to Kaima and from there to Bhimpur. The 10 youths worked for four hours, checking every culvert and every roadblock site. Some officers had no qualms about admitting to using locals for this dangerous work. "Even in Bankura, local youths have been pressed into service. There aren't enough experts to deal with the situation," explained an SAP officer. Sources said that DIB has suggested combing the roads every five to six hours after an operation is complete unless the roads are cleared, central forces cannot move forward. But certainly not this way. Forcing local youths to do the dangerous job will end up alienating more villagers. Go to top ************ Programs in solidarity with Lalgarh** On June 21, at a meeting of Lalgarh Andolan Sanhati Mancha (LASM) it was decided that there will be visits made to Lalgarh in co-ordination with all others who wish to stand by the people's movement and who want to condemn the state violence going on, be it political parties, intellectuals, rights groups or other organisations. There will be regular campaign programs taken across Kolkata, in form of street corners, rallies, matador-campaigns etc. Preparation will be taken of another large central rally with maximum participation from Kolkata and around. LASM will invite all organisations to join their programs and will ask its own participants to take part in programs called by other groups. There was also a proposal to set up a mancha on behalf of LASM for days, if not weeks at Esplanade, just like during Nandigram to take central programs there, including regular press statements and briefs of reports providerd by People's Committee Against Police Atrocities and visiting teams. It was further decided that other organisations can be allowed to take programs on the Mancha with their own organisagional banners beside the banner of LASM. But with the common minimum understanding that the organisations recognise the Lalgarh people's grievances as legitimate and they condemn the ongoing police-paramilitary action. Beyond that, the organisations will be allowed to express their political views including criticisms from the Mancha. APDR had called for a rally from College Square, Kolkata at 4pm on June 22. Silpi Sahitwik O Buddhijibi Mancha has called for a demonstration on June 23. MKP has called for a rally from College Square to Esplanade on June 23, 2-30pm. The rally will protest the deployment of central and state forces at Lalgarh to suppress the people's movement. Go to top ************** Government wakes up to think of welfare measures June 22. The Times of India In a desperate bid to win hearts in Lalgarh, the state government has decided to start Alchiki-medium schools and renew the cheques issued to 11 women who were tortured by police during a raid in Chhotopelia village last year. The government also plans to go full steam ahead with a special drive to implement the recommendations of the report of backward classes welfare secretary R D Meena a report that was on the back-burner till now. In January this year, Meena found that allegations of police atrocities in Chhotopelia village of Lalgarh on November 6, 2008 were true. Women had been brutally assaulted by police in the crackdown that followed the Maoist ambush of chief minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee' s convoy on November 2. This, and the arrest of school students, proved to be the trigger for the Lalgarh revolt. A chastened government announced a compensation of Rs 50,000 to Chhitamoni Murmu, whose eye was damaged, Rs 25,000 to Panmoni Murmu, whose injury was also serious, and Rs 15,000 each to nine other women. But the victims refused to accept the cheques. Government officials went to their homes to deliver them, but were turned back. PCPA was angry over the compensation amount, and demanded Rs 2 lakh for each of the injured women. "Perhaps, they were under pressure from People's Committee Against Police Atrocities (PCPA). After the Lalgarh operation, we will approach them again," home secretary Ardhendu Sen said on Sunday. District magistrate N S Nigam added: "The cheques are still with us. Our officials went to their homes, but they did not take the cheques, possibly out of fear." After Meena's inquiry, two police officials inspector-in- charge Sandip Sinharoy and officer-in-charge Sushanta Rajbanshi of Lalgarh police station were removed from their posts. In addition, the West Midnapore SP, Rajesh Kumar Singh, was transferred out of the district. "The other recommendations of the report were related to the compensation cheques and development projects. We are looking at implemented them fully after the operation," Sen said. The state realizes that the battle against Maoists cannot be won without winning the trust of the tribals. It has begun by distributing rice and potatoes among villagers who have fled. It plans a slew of economic measures in this underdeveloped area to bring the tribals back to the mainstream. But all these will come after the Lalgarh operation is over, raising questions on whether the tribals will be willing to wait till that time when they have already expressed their mistrust of the government. Officials say many of Meena's recommendations could not be implemented as the administration found it difficult to enter the area. The government then asked the panchayat and rural development, backward classes welfare and Paschimanchal Unnayan departments to utilize tribal sub-plan funds. The report also suggested that the work of identifying BPL families in the area must be done immediately because the people of this area are backward but do not get the benefits. Nigam said an exhaustive BPL list is being compiled to include tribals. Other plans include distribution of goats and sheep among villagers, machines to sew saal leaves, setting up Alchiki schools, providing evening tuition and building of houses for Lodhas. Work for some of these projects has already started, Nigam said. Go to top *********** Amnesty International on Lalgarh** June 22. Amnesty International Amnesty International calls on the Indian authorities to act with restraint and avoid excessive or unnecessary use of force against adivasi (indigenous) communities who are protesting against police violence. These communities have erected blockades in Lalgarh area, 170 km from Kolkata, in West Bengal. Amnesty International has received reports that more than 40 people, including women, sustained injuries as over 800 paramilitary personnel used teargas and rubber bullets to disperse protestors and cleared blockades erected by the adivasi communities and armed Maoist rebels. Amnesty International reminds the authorities that India has international treaty obligations to protect the right to life at all times. The state authorities must ensure that security forces comply with international human rights standards on law enforcement, in particular those relating to the use of force. Amnesty International calls on state and federal authorities to ensure that all state officials, including police personnel, who are suspected of human rights abuses, including excessive use of force, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, are brought to justice in proceedings that meet international standards of fair trial and do not impose the death penalty. Amnesty International also appeals to all political organisations in Lalgarh, including the Communist Party of India (Marxist) which leads the ruling Left Front in West Bengal, the adivasi–led People's Committee against Police Atrocities and the armed Maoists to denounce and refrain from committing human rights abuses and to adhere to the fundamental principle of humanity as reflected in international humanitarian law. Background At least 11 people have died, and several others have been abducted, during a wave of political violence in Lalgarh in the last seven months. Those killed included seven members and supporters of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and four people belonging to the People's Committee against Police Atrocities. Allegations that police carried out atrocities against the adivasi community are at the heart of the protests. The violence followed alleged violations perpetrated by the state police after a landmine blast, set off by alleged armed Maoists, targeting the convoy of West Bengal Chief Minister Buddhadev Bhattacharya. The police response allegedly include arbitrary detention of seven persons, three of them schoolboys, for several days and excessive use of force on at least 50 persons including 8 women. No inquiry was held so far into the alleged violations. *************** Koraput headed the Lalgarh way? June 22. The Hindustan Times It's a similar story, headed for a similar ending. Koraput, an under-developed Orissa district, has been cut off from the world for the last five days and looks in danger of becoming another area "liberated" by Maoists. Like Lalgarh in West Bengal, before it was won back. Dispossessed tribals on one side and alleged grabbers on the other are in the middle of a violent battle for land waging in Koraput, which is 560 km from Bhubaneshwar. And no prizes for guessing who is winning. The administration exists on ground but only just. It has no clue as to how much land was lost by tribals and is able to only hazard a guess about how much has been reclaimed by them through peaceful or not-so-peaceful means. The tribals don't bring their complaints to the local administration any more. They go straight to organisations backed by the Maoists. In fact, the tribals are not complaining at all. They simply grab back what was grabbed from them. "They come and hoist a red flag in our agricultural land, signaling the end of our possession over it. I owned 11 acres of land. Now, I'm hiding in the houses of my relatives," said Madhusudan Pondu, 72, of Balipeta village. Both the locals and the administration said Chasi Muliya Adivasi Sangha, an organisation of dispossessed tribals, is spearheading the agitation. But its violent ways are blamed on a more radical section within it. The targeted non-tribals have no choice but to leave the area completely – an estimated 200 people have left the Narayanpatna block of which Pondu's Balipeta village is a part, in recent days. The Narayanpatna area has been completely cut off for the last five days as sangha activists have blocked the main arterial road with trees. On Thursday, nine personnel of the Orissa Special Striking Force who tried to clear the road were killed in a landmine blast triggered by the Maoists. Now, no policeman wants to go anywhere near Narayanpatna. The mainstream sangh leaders held a convention on Saturday but the hotheads from Narayanpatna stayed away. One of them, Nachika Ling, a tribal in his 30s, is believed to be leading the radicals. This is where the Maoists come in — they are believed to be Linga's chief backers. And this is where the story begins to sound like Lalagarh's, where a committee of locals agitating against the police took on the state with the help of Maoists. "The Maoists want the hawks within the CMAS to take over the organization so that they can guide the tribal movement in the manner the Naxals have done in Lalgarh," said a senior official refusing to be identified. "Linga is hand-in-glove with the Maoists," Sanjeev Panda, DIG of Koraput area, told Hindustan Times. "He was arrested before and spent two to three years in jail before he was released on bail." Linga and his group are reported to have forcibly occupied hundreds of acres of land and handed them over to the tribals. The group has also damaged nearly hundred houses belonging to alleged "land usurpers". But the state hasn't given up here yet, unlike in Lalgarh. "Presently, 100 CRPF personnel, about 30 men of India Reserve Battalion and one unit of Orissa Special Striking Force are deployed in Narayanpatna," said police officer Panda. And they are not leaving. Not yet. Go to top **************** CPI(M) vs CPI(M): A discussion on Maoist tactical failings June 22. By Pothik Ghosh, The Hindustan Times In politics, the truth is almost always counter-intuitive. In this realm — where the art of the possible intersects in unexpected ways with the science of the impossible — ominous portents of anarchy often conceal messianic promises of deliverance. Lalgarh, today, is perhaps the starkest symbol of this confounding cocktail, which has come to characterise the polity of Left Front-ruled West Bengal. What distinguishes the Lalgarh uprising from other violent incidents that have scarred Bengal in recent years is that the cynical calculus of competitive electoral politics has had absolutely no bearing on the movement. The insurgency of the Lalgarh population has been shaped by its experience of a state that has registered its presence in the area through the brutal effectiveness of its repressive apparatuses but has been absent as a purveyor of emancipatory social development. That is precisely why Lalgarh should not be classified as a tribal identity movement. The majority population of Lalgarh is tribal, but the anti-competitive orientation of their struggle, thanks to the objective politico-economic conditions that have shaped them, serves to invert the logic of identitarian movements, which always articulate their politics in supremacist terms of ethno-cultural domination. The People's Committee Against Police Atrocities (PCAPA)-led revolt, which was sparked seven months ago by a repressive combing operation launched by the state police in Lalgarh and surrounding areas in response to a Maoist mine attack on the chief minister's cavalcade, has steadily become a two-pronged movement of resistance and social reconstruction through participatory management of rudimentary public services such as healthcare developed by the local community. The Bengal government was extremely cagey until a few weeks ago to launch a crackdown. That was largely due to the movement's mass insurrectionary character. In Lalgarh, violence has been a collective expression of disaffection against the oppressive socio-economic order the state defends. Even the guerrilla operations carried out by Maoists in the area have become a seamless extension of this insurrection, which enjoys wide-ranging legitimacy. It is this legitimacy, which derives from an assertion of popular sovereignty, that had compelled the West Bengal regime to keep its Stalinist proclivities — seen in Nandigram — in check for so long. A modern State formation also acts in the name of popular sovereignty. But in an insurrectionary situation, as in Lalgarh, the government comes to be seen as an external threat to the sovereignty of the people. That renders the legal-illegal dichotomy problematic and makes it difficult for the state to monopolise violence to crush popular movements in the name of curbing anti-sovereign insurgency. The CPI(M)-led Left Front could ill-afford such a risk after the electoral drubbing. Alas, Lalgarh has squandered that advantage, thanks to a tactical blunder by the Maoists. The recent claims by various Maoist leaders that the PCAPA was a front of their underground party has given the repressive arms of both the Bengal government and, to a lesser extent, the Centre, the alibi they had been waiting for. They know the police operation in Lalgarh will now be widely perceived as a legitimate measure to protect popular sovereignty from Maoist depredations. The Maoists, thanks to their doctrinaire commitment to agrarian revolution and the tactical emphasis on guerrilla struggles exclusively in rural areas of the country, have failed to mobilise the working class in the urban areas. Their time-worn approach of encirclement of cities by a people's army raised from the countryside has militarised their politics; their roving guerrilla squads carry out dramatic raids on behalf of a rural population they have barely organised. It has thus been easy for the Indian ruling classes to delegitimise it as an 'outside' threat to 'internal security'. The Maoists may have a significant numerical and ideological presence within the Lalgarh movement. But the PCAPA, diverse in its composition, is not a Maoist front. The situation was an opportunity for the Maoists to quietly provide the PCAPA logistical support and ideological orientation to expand the movement politically through the aggregation of other disenfranchised sections of Bengal's society into one movement, which would articulate a polyphonous critique of a larger political-economic logic constitutive of their various miseries. That would, among other things, transform Maoism into an ideological current, which is always internal to an ever-expanding constellation of popular movements. Under such conditions, the character of political violence, even when guerrilla tactics are deployed, would always be insurrectionary. The State would then be hard put to delegitimise such violence, or the movements that generate them, as anti-sovereign. It would also reclaim Maoism from its current sectarian militarism that has, often enough, ended up replicating the same repressive forms of state power. Clearly, the Maoists' conception of the party as an a priori state-form, which seeks to subordinate various registers of struggle to its doctrinaire conception of politics, is their Achilles' heel. This predisposes their organisation to the same kind of social-democratic and Stalinist degeneration that has afflicted the CPI(M)-led Left Front's strain of working-class politics in Bengal. In social democracy, there is no place for transformative politics because it treats the State, which actually is constitutive of an exploitative system, as a neutral instrument that merely needs to be controlled to enforce equity. The absurd Stalinist split the CPI(M) has managed to create between development and democracy is a symptom of this social-democratic malaise. The Maoists, who too call their party the CPI(M) — Communist Party of India (Maoist) — should make sure their uncanny resemblance with the original CPI(M) stop right there. And that can probably begin with their redefinition of the organisation as a movement-form, where Maoism is envisioned as a dynamic organisational impulse and the party is always in a state of formation through a process of perpetual politicisation at the grassroots. Go to top **************** Lalgarh: an analysis of the media's war hysteria** By Partho Sarathi Ray, Sanhati. June 24, 2009. War-hysteria in media: cobras, shields, and sanitization We have been witnessing what can only be described as "war hysteria" in the media coverage of the current situation in Lalgarh and adjoining areas. It appears as if the great protectors of the "rule of law", the West Bengal state police, propped up by the CRPF and a plethora of other armed forces, with suitably scary acronyms like COBRA, are out to regain a chunk of Indian territory occupied by a hostile country. What is conveniently not being mentioned is that for ages the police itself has behaved like invaders in the area, willfully torturing and humiliating people, and that is why they had been boycotted in that area for the past six months. With blow-by-blow accounts of their progress, and description of how they are penetrating "human shields", and "sanitizing" whole areas, it doesn't seem that their adversaries are the poorest of the poor, the most marginalized sections of Indian society, the adivasis who are armed with traditional weapons like bows and arrows, and some Maoist cadre, who would be a few dozen at the most, and armed mostly with weapons looted from the police and improvised explosive devices. The trigger in Dharampur: a popular response to rampaging harmad militias More importantly, what is being represented as a war between the Maoists and the Indian state, conveniently glosses over some points that we need to pay our attention to. The rural area of Lalgarh has been out of bounds for the administrative machinery of the state since last November, since the uprising of the adivasi-moolvasi people of the area against police atrocities. With the setting up of the PCPA, the adivasis had been running their own affairs, and even taking up much-needed developmental work, a whiff of functioning democracy in the middle of the hoax that goes on by the name of democratic governance in large parts of India. Then, what suddenly triggered this confrontation, and this cascade of events that is today witnessing police dragging out women from houses in the Lalgarh area and beating them blue and black and hundreds of people fleeing to relief camps? It points to the incident which happened in Dharampur, near Lalgarh town, on June 14th. It was reported in the press on that day, but now has been conveniently forgotten as the press is busy to set up the Maoists, and the PCPA, which they repeatedly call Maoist-controlled contrary to all evidence and denials by the PCPA leadership, as the arch-villains in this episode. Dharampur is near Lalgarh town, and it was a CPI(M) stronghold where the house of the zonal committee member, Anuj Pandey, was located. On 14th June, a PCPA rally was proceeding towards that place, called to protest against the arrest and reported rape of adivasi women who had gone to a meeting in Chakulia in Jharkhand. It was a usual PCPA rally, with traditional weapons and led by women as usual. When it neared Dharampur, it was attacked by CPI(M) harmads, targeting the women. The rallyists couldn't resist this attack and dispersed, but then a Maoist squad arrived and started a gun battle with the CPI(M) cadres, which continued till late in the night. With their superior firepower, the Maoists gunned down at least nine of the CPI(M) attackers. Thereafter, the next day there were multiple rallies called by the PCPA, and the people in these rallies, who were incensed by the CPI(M) attack of the previous day, decided to take over the CPI(M) strongholds of Dharampur, a major operating base for the CPI(M) harmads, and Lalgarh town which was still under the administrative control of the government. The Maoist squad accompanied them, to resist attacks by the CPI(M), and not allow a repetition of the past day's incident. 20,000 Maoists and "frontal organisations"? What followed has been widely reported, how CPI(M) party offices were burnt down, how the palatial house of Anuj Pandey, the widely hated CPI(M) leader, was broken down, and how some CPI(M) members were killed. It was a spontaneous outburst of pent up fury of the people, people who had been subjected to humiliation and exploitation by these same CPI(M) leaders on a daily basis. They acted out of a sense of deliverance from the hegemony and corruption of the CPI(M). The Maoists were definitely present, but the 10,000-20,000 people who participated in this uprising were definitely not Maoists, as has been represented by the press. They were common people, and their anger and frustration found expression in this outburst. Although a number of political leaders, including those from the Trinamool Congress and Congress, made statements to this effect, it has completely been glossed over by the mainstream press. Human shields – a physical protection of liberty and development In order to reinforce this idea, multiple press reports have tried to represent the human walls set up by the adivasis as "human shields" being used by the Maoists to protect themselves from the police and paramilitary. It is possibly incomprehensible to the corporate media that these people were standing there not to protect the Maoists, but to protect the freedom that they have enjoyed for the past six months, freedom from daily harassment and humiliation, and to preserve the gains that they had made during that time, like the building of a few roads and digging of a few ponds, meeting the immediate needs of the people, things that Indian state has not provided in the past sixty-two years. Teaching adivasis a few lessons along the way However, as expected, they could not resist the brute force unleashed by the same state that had failed them so miserably. The police and paramilitary dispersed them by teargas and lathicharging, and since then there has been innumerable reports of atrocities being committed by the police. Remarkably, much of these atrocities were committed in the villages on the way to Lalgarh town, which were not even within the zone that was under the control of the PCPA. It appears that the state is bent upon teaching the adivasis a lesson for standing up for their dignity, and the Maoists represented a suitable bogey for doing so. The Maoists, according to their stated policy of guerrilla warfare, would not engage in a frontal confrontation with the paramilitary forces. So what have effectively taken place are a few skirmishes between vastly assymetrical adversaries, and the brave saviours of "law and order" have vented their righteous ire on the unarmed adivasis. Maoist presence: an old fact and a rehashed bogey The Maoists have been active in the entire jangalmahal area for a long time, and have been fighting a running battle with the state. The adivasis in the area have long been victimized by the police for this, and it was the police brutalities in the wake of the landmine attack on the West Bengal CM's convoy by the Maoists that triggered this uprising. The Maoists have been with the adivasis of Lalgarh in this uprising against the state, just as members of many other political parties including the Congress, have been with them. What we are witnessing today is that the Indian state is using this as an excuse to delegitimize the just demands and aspirations of the adivasis, which stemmed from a simple demand for the recognition of their dignity. Attacks on indigeneous people are taking place all over the world, whenever they are resisting the state and the corporations attempt to deprive them of their land, water, forests and dignity, as we recently saw in the attacks on the Peruvian indigeneous people in the Amazon area. All attempts to resist and retaliate are being represented as insurgency and a breakdown of "law and order". The corporate press is playing along with this, as we see in the case of Lalgarh, and deliberately glossing over facts and issues, to represent the struggle of the indigeneous people, in which armed struggle is increasingly playing a part, as a loss of sovereign authority by the state, which has to be regained at any cost. Ground dynamics and civil society The "civil society" in West Bengal, and all over India, has rightly been very distressed over these incidents and condemned both the atrocities committed by the state and what many think to be the reckless behaviour of the Maoists. However, it is also to be expected that the civil society cannot decide, or dictate, what course a movement on the ground will take. A movement develops its own dynamics, based on the ground conditions, and always does not follow a linear path to the most desirable end. Therefore, it becomes the duty of civil society to stand up and be counted when common people are at the receiving end of oppression by the state. We should express our solidarity with the struggle of the adivasis for justice and development, deplore the atrocities being committed on them by the armed forces of the state and demand the immediate withdrawal of the latter from the area as a necessary condition for normalization of the situation and also condemn all the attempts by the state to use this excuse to impinge on the democratic rights of the people. The adivasis had risen up with the demand of a small apology from the police, if what is happening now does not stop, the Indian state will owe them a much bigger one. Go to top *********** Guns, at every twist and turn** By Sujan Datta. The Telegraph, June 25, 2009 A nearly finished building for a 100-bed hospital at Kewakole on the road to this town will get its first occupants shortly — they will not be doctors, nurses or patients but uniformed security personnel with guns and bullets. The Bengal government is deploying so many forces in its offensive in Lalgarh that there isn't enough room to house them. Even a hospital — there is only a primary health centre in Kewakole with the bare minimum in facilities — is now designated as a camp for security personnel who are on their way here. Every school and college in Goaltore has been requisitioned. There is too much firepower in too small an area. Police walk into shops with guns and ask for food, they talk to people with guns slinging from their shoulders. They talk about guns and forces. The chatter intimidates the villagers. It is like living in a militarised zone, not unlike scenes in Nagaland and Manipur and Kashmir. Even if the army is not here, there uniforms are — so many of the state and central forces wear the army-issue fatigues that they are difficult to distinguish from the military. The forces have the bearing of the army but do not have its training. Bengal's Lalgarh offensive has already taken in 5,000 troops. The figure has not been announced officially. A senior security officer told The Telegraph today that the combined forces of the state and the Centre total 50 companies. There are another 10 companies of central forces coming in. The "operations" are designed to sweep through 200 villages, with 100 in a core area. The official suggested using Kantapahari, the village on the south-to-north road from Lalgarh to Ramgarh —that the forces have not entered as yet — as the centre of the region. "It will take time. There is no hurry. Our strategy is to clear-and-hold, clear-and-hold," he said. "There is no point in simply going ahead without consolidation or we may land into a trap because the Maoists know the area well. We need to round up their ringleaders. So, normal policing activity has to be started in the areas we are holding," he said. Since the offensive began, the forces have only gone down an east-west axis to Lalgarh police station. The forces will ultimately seek to secure about 500sqkm of territory inside which the villages are spread out. There are jungles and four roads "like fingers" that lead to Lalgarh. The eastern periphery of this region is the road that runs from Midnapore through Salboni to Goaltore and up to Sarenga in Bankura district. The security forces are now pouring into Goaltore in a build-up for an offensive through Pingboni where the Bengal armed police were stopped by rebels last Saturday. A total of 5,000 security personnel in an area of 500sqkm means an average of 10 police personnel per square km. The security forces have not yet been able to spread out. With the Maoist rebels displaying that they are capable of putting up a fight — like they did in Pingboni where even today the police are not venturing — Lalgarh's offensive and the build-up is putting thousands of lives at risk despite the delicate handling that Writers' Buildings has ordered. The presence of the troops here pleases nobody, including the police themselves. "I was posted in Birbhum," says a Bengal Armed Police constable carrying a .303 rifle with him into a little roadside eatery for a lunch of rice and dal. He is camping, he says, in the Goaltore Boys High School. "There are 50 of us in a room and the ceiling fan hardly moves. I am on guard duty from 8 in the morning till 3 and its bloody hot." He asks for vegetables to go with the rice and dal. There is none available in the eatery. "The central forces move with their cooks and provisions. We have been sent here without any arrangements. Thank God for this shop here, I haven't gone hungry the last three days," he says. He left Birbhum eight days ago. Three more soldiers walk into the eatery. They are from the India Reserve Battalion. Each of them is carrying an AK-47. The armed police constable's .303 weighs 7 kilos. One of the IRB troopers says his weapon "weighs exactly 4 kilos and 700 grams and can fire 30 bullets in a second". The constable says he will take 10 seconds to fire 10 rounds because he has to pull the catch back every time. In the eatery are four other people — the owner, the cook, the helper and a customer. They are agog, listening to this chatter about guns and bullets. The customer trudged from Babuibasha, a village about 4km from Goaltore past a forest. He forgets to chew his food. He talks after the police have left. He said people in his village — in a zone that the police have not yet gone — were terrified. He does not talk of the police. In village after village here, the local people call the security forces by a different name — "shontrash bahini" — repressive force. Go to top *********** Santhali scholar quits post over Lalgarh** June 28, 2009. The Times of India Noted Santhali author Dhirendranath Baske has written to the West Bengal government, asking it not to use his name any longer as adviser of the magazine Paschimbanga, published by the department of information and cultural affairs. Baske was the former editor of this magazine. "The state government is behaving in a merciless manner in Lalgarh. In protest, I wrote to the director, department of information and cultural affairs, on Thursday, detaching myself completely from any of its publications," Baske said. "The tribal population in Bengal has always been neglected. Norwegian missionary Paul Olaf Bodding did a lot of work among the Santhals between 1889 and 1933. In fact, it was Bodding who created the first alphabet and wrote the first grammar for the Santhals. His works have been microfilmed by the University of Oslo. After much effort, I succeeded in getting copies to Kolkata in 2003. Since then, nobody bothered to conduct any research on them. These documents contain the traditions and culture of the Santhals. This proves what the government feels about the community." It was Baske who first wrote Santhali in the Bangla script. He is also associated with the Loko Sanskriti O Adivasi Sanskriti Kendra and is the former vice-president of the Santhal Academy. Go to top *********** Police atrocities continue** June 29 2009 As the central forces sanitise an area and move on, state police are facing charges that they are repeating the brutality which had provoked the Lalgarh agitation in the first place. The police allegedly beat up villagers at Pathardanga yesterday and destroyed their food grain, reminding residents why they "hated the force so much" and providing the retreating Maoists a chance to play "protector" again. After the police left the village, the Maoists returned. They persuaded the villagers to shift to the relief camps the rebels have opened at four places between Lalgarh and Ramgarh under the banner of the People's Committee Against Police Atrocities. Last afternoon, the security forces had come under fire from the direction of Pathardanga, 3km from Lalgarh, during a sanitising operation. They fired back and waited, but nothing happened. The central forces then headed for committee leader Chhatradhar Mahato's village, Amliya. The state police stayed back to conduct a "search" at Pathardanga. The state police's first target was day labourer Manoranjan Mal, 30, who had stayed back when the other males fled the village. The police kicked the door of his house and broke it open. They began slapping and punching Mal, wife Jharna said. "Tor ghore IED rakha aachhe (you have a bomb at your home)," a policeman shouted as Jharna and her two young sons cowered. The "search" began, with the police flinging utensils around and tearing the mattress apart. Then they came across the sack of 30kg of relief rice from the government. They ripped it open, spilled the rice on the floor, stamped on the grain and emptied a can of kerosene over it. "This was our month's supply but now the rice is inedible," Jharna said at the committee's Kantapahari camp. "This is why we hate the police so much. This was all the rice I had to feed my two sons." Mal, whom the police took away, is in detention. Jipita Soren said she was alone when the police barged into her home. "They threw my dinner — a bowl of cooked rice — on the floor and stamped on it." Kamalmoti Tudu said the police poured water on her firewood, so she couldn't cook. "In the evening, the Maoists came and said they would look after us." IG (western range) Kuldiep Singh said he hadn't heard of the incidents but promised to "look into it". "It's a large force; so it's possible there are some bad pennies," he said. Go to top ************ Spraying dye from helicopters: how to recognise a Maoist The Bengali daily Sanbad Pratidin of 27 June 2009 carried a front-page news item which clearly shows that US intelligence agencies and the Indian space research centre, the ISRO are very much involved in this war declared by the central and WB state government against the people of Lalgarh. The report is captioned 'Chemical dyes and foreign technology used to locate Mao', and written by Rajarshee Dasgupta. This is a free translation by Amit Bhattacharya. Goaltore: A literally 'high tech' war has started in Lalgarh. US intelligence satellites and the Indian space research centre, ISRO have been tagged with this war for regaining the areas held by the Maoists. On the other hand, in order to trace the Maoist guerrillas who have kept themselves mixed with the villagers, the administration has taken the help of the most modern technology. At the beginning of the second round of the 'Operation Lalgarh', the air force has dropped special chemical dyes over Murarka village adjoining the Burishol forest where 1,500 Maoist guerrillas are supposed to be holed up. In case the dye falls on the bodies of the guerrillas, its colour will last for one year. This means that after they are driven out from the area by the forces and take shelter in another village, it would thus be easy to identify them. As a result, the Maoists, on the one hand, would not be able to get themselves mixed up with the villagers; on the other hand, the police forces would not be accused of arresting innocent people while going for the Maoists. The first part in this 'high tech' war was successful on Friday (26 June). There will be a fresh expedition on Saturday. On that day, the administration has taken the decision to apply the second special method. For the last eight months, the police were totally in the dark about what had been taking place in the interior. It was only after decision was taken to undertake joint expedition that the state home department woke up from its slumber. They requested the central government to help them know about the whereabouts, base area, the location of the forces etc of the Maoist guerrillas inside the 'core area'. After a lot of discussion, it was decided that foreign technological assistance would be taken. The central home department also thought about satellite pictures. Accordingly, the government turned towards the ISRO and US technology. It was through RI Sat-2 and US intelligence satellites that areas such as Baroperlia, Kantapahari, Ramgarh, Mahultal, Kadashol, Pingboni, Goaltore on one side and Dhrampur and Jhitka on the other came under the satellite scanner. After continuous scanning, the two institutes started sending still pictures. Then army intelligence officers were called upon to analyze the data. The army intelligence officials sat down at the eastern army headquarter at Fort William, Kolkata and noticed the movement of a massive guerrilla army inside the Kadashol forest. They could also identify the movements of armed squads in Ramgarh-Narcha region. The news of a red Maruti van being parked in Ramgarh bazaar was communicated to police officials in charge of operations. On the basis of this information, the expedition started from Goaltore towards Ramgarh. More companies of the central forces were brought in. After that, order was given to those leading police supers, deputy supers and CRPF commandants for march. Ultimately, the expedition started on Friday (26 June). As the forces had prior knowledge about the area, the joint forces could, with ease, capture the 6-km area from Goaltore to Kadashol by overcoming the difficulty posed by 12 landmines and the Maoist guns. In course of the expedition, time and again debate broke out over the question of how to separate Maoists from the villagers. It was to overcome this problem that the decision to drop one particular chemical from the helicopter was taken. On Friday, it was dropped on the Maoist guerrillas on an experimental basis. On different occasions in foreign countries and in many a war, this method was applied. It is in Lalgarh that for the first time in a state-led expedition, such things were applied against the secessionists. On the whole, it can be stated that from the satellite pictures to the dropping of helicopter - everything in 'Operation Lalgarh' is 'high tech'". Go to top ****** Medha Patkar, Gopal Menon and others arrested in Lalgarh: CRPP statement for release** July 3, 2009. The Committee for the Release of Political Prisoners (CRPP) strongly condemns the arrest of Medha Patkar, Sujato Bhadra, Gopal Menon and Anuradha Talwar at Bombay road on their way to Lalgarh by the West Bengal Police. They were arrested and booked under Cr PC 151 & 188. Gopal Menon the filmmaker was specifically targeted by the vindictive police of West Bengal who brutally assaulted him with rifle butts and batons. He was beaten under the specific instructions of the Additional SP of police Pranab Kumar as per the information from several civil rights groups. After being beaten on the chest and other parts of the body he had to be admitted to the Debra Hospital near by as he started profusely vomiting. Gopal Menon had also tried to accompany another fact finding team a few days before comprising of senior trade union activists, women's activists, lawyers and other social activists. This team also was arrested at Midnapore. Maybe the crime of Gopal Menon was his assertion to his right to know and document the activities of the state in supposedly bringing back 'normalcy' in Lalgarh and Jangal Mahal. If this is what a documentary filmmaker has to face before the lawless police and paramilitary of the CPM-led government in West Bengal then one can imagine the state of affairs of the faceless Adivasi people of Lalgarh and Jangal Mahal. No wonder the police and the paramilitary are not allowing anyone with an independent mind to visit the area under occupation by the forces. This also brings to the fore the fear of several civil rights bodies and other independent observers that the police and paramilitary can resort to any level of barbarism in order to 'sanitise' the area. And this also makes it clear why the central home minister P. Chidambaram does not want any civil society group or human rights bodies to visit the area! The only way that this government can deal with the issues of life and death for the toiling masses, pertaining to the four dreaded Ds—Displacement, Destruction, Destitution and Death—are only through the baton and barrels of the police and paramilitary. Otherwise any people oriented government would have first listened to the just demands of the Adivasis of Lalgarh. The latest reports coming from independent sources also say that the paramilitary has started burning the huts and destroying the poultry of the people in Lalgarh. Their wells are being poisoned and excreta being thrown into the water bodies that are normally used for drinking purposes. All these exercise of brutality point to Salwa Judum kind of campaign being undertaken against the defiant masses of Lalgarh. Already there are reports of harassment of children, women and the old. The Committee for the Release of Political Prisoners (CRPP) demands the immediate and unconditional release of these prominent social and civil rights activists. We demand that the Additional SP Pranab Kumar who had specifically instructed his police men to brutalise the filmmaker Gopal Menon should be booked under the law of the land for abuse of his power. Such high handed and authoritarian behaviour of senior police officers should be curbed firmly. Such police officers can only be a bane of the society. Go to top ************* MKP activists stopped from reaching Lalgarh** July 10 2009. Police had a harrowing time trying to prevent 300 workers of the Majdoor Kranti Parishad (MKP) on Thursday. The MKP workers looked determined to reach out to Lalgarh breaking the police barricade right at the Midnapore railway station. Police finally detained all MKP activists at Kotwali police station for five hours and later released them on personal bond. Agitators complained that police heckled some of their senior leaders and rounded up 48 women without women police being present. "Police can't stop us at Midnapore railway station because the prohibitory orders are not in force in this area," said general secretary Amitava Bhattacharya. "Our target was to reach Lalgarh and put pressure on the administration to immediately call off the joint operation. Villagers are leaving their home and hearth. Most of them are scared of the security forces. Some have already faced police torture. The government should concentrate on the development of Jangalmahal, including the forest hamlets in Belpahari, where the distress is maximum." MKP president Binanda Jha alleged that police heckled women's wing leader Rakhi Sarkar and arrested all 48 women workers without any women police personnel being present. Meanwhile, PCPA spokesperson Chhatradhar Mahato saw a CPM and police plan in an unsigned letter he reportedly received, demanding PCPA's accounts. "I have received an unsigned letter asking me to furnish PCPA's accounts. I fear that it is a mischievous design of the ruling CPM and police. Police ransacked a PCPA leader's house at Amkola near the Kangsabati and beat him up. We will launch a movement against such atrocities very soon if police continue with the repression," he said. Rajesh Mahato, secretary of the Chhatra Yuva Kurmi Sangram Committee, said: "We will violate Section 144 in Jhargram on Sunday as the SDO did not give permission for a peace rally requesting the administration to stop torture on innocents and putting false charges on poor people." Meanwhile, Sudir Mahato, Swapan Mahato, Buddheswar Mahato and Saumyajit Mahato CPM leaders from Chuansol, 25 km from Midnapore, quit the party reportedly after being threatened by Maoists. Go to top ************ EPW articles on Lalgarh June 27 - July 10 2009 Issue. Editorial piece: Lalgarh - Questions to the Left [PDF, English] » Sumit sarkar and Tanika Sarkar: Notes on a dying people [PDF English] » Monika Bora, Budhaditya Das: The Movement in Lalgarh [PDF English] » Go to top ********** Students lock up cops in school** July 10, The Telegraph Students of a high school 15km from Lalgarh today marched to their institution and locked its gates demanding that policemen camping there vacate the premises and let classes resume. Over a dozen high schools in and around Lalgarh are shut now because they are being used to house security forces. At Binpur High School, where classes have not been held since June 15, 250 students came in a procession and asked the 50 personnel living inside to clear out immediately. Then they locked the cops in. At 12.30pm, the inspector in charge of Binpur came with a large team of baton-wielding personnel and chased the children away. The force broke the lock on the school gate. "We have repeatedly asked the administration to shift the camp but nothing has happened. That is why we decided to demonstrate today but the police hit us with sticks," said Dayal Sinha, who is in Class XI. A farmer whose son is in Class VIII threatened a police boycott if they did not relent. Ironically, it is a boycott that brought such a large number of security personnel here. The tribals of Lalgarh had been boycotting the administration to protest alleged police atrocities. Maoist guerrillas made use of it and turned the area into their stronghold until the forces marched in. "If necessary, we will go for a police boycott," said Amitava Bera, 48. In Calcutta, home secretary Ardhendu Sen held out hope. "We will vacate the schools in 15 days and shift the forces to new camps." A retired police officer said occupying schools for an "indefinite period" was not a right "tactical" decision. "When a large contingent is invol-ved in area domination, they should be provided with good accommodation. Government buildings such as schools are ideal, but only if the forces are going to be stationed there for a short time," said S.N. Sarkar. West Midnapore police chief Manoj Verma said over 15 permanent camps were being constructed in the area. "We are trying to build them fast." Even before the forces move out for good, attempts are being made to resume the higher classes. Jhargram subdivisional officer P. Ulganathan said: "We have requested the district police chief to vacate a few classrooms so Classes VIII to XII can be held." District inspector of schools Santosh Patra said about 20,000 students were missing their classes. "The school education department told us to find rooms in the nearest primary schools and hold classes there. But it is not feasible. First, primary schools have few rooms. Second, all the affected high schools don't have primary schools nearby." The higher secondary council said it was exploring ways to make up on lost time. "We may ask the schools to hold full classes on Saturdays and beyond normal hours. The Puja vacation may have to be curtailed," said council secretary Swapan Sarkar. ****** Lalgarh funds may go unutilised: No project proposals for development** July 12. The Statesman At a time when lack of development is being singled out as the major reason behind the Maoist menace in Lalgarh, uncertainty looms large over proper utilisation of a handsome amount of funds earmarked for development projects in the area. Senior officials at Writers' Buildings apprehend a major portion of Rs 50 crore, which was allotted as additional Central assistance to the Paschimanchal Unnayan Affairs department to undertake several development projects in Maoist-infested districts, could remain unutilised this year as the district authorities are yet to submit project specific proposals to the finance department. As per an order issued by the finance department this year, project proposals needed to be submitted to the finance department within 31 July if the Paschimanchal Unnayan Affairs department wants to use the funds allotted as additional Central assistance in this financial year. A senior official of the Paschimanchal Unnayan Affairs department said: "The department has a total of Rs 60 crore as budgetary allocation this year to undertake development projects in backward blocks of West Midnapore, Bankura, Purulia, Birbhum and Burdwan. Of this, Rs 10 crore is allotted as core budget of the department and the rest (Rs 50 crore) is additional Central assistance. We can use the funds allotted under the core budget on our own. But to use the Central assistance, we need to submit project proposals in advance." "The rule has been introduced this year. As of now, we used to spend Central assistance as per the requirement of the area and for this no prior proposals were needed to be submitted. We have asked the concerned district magistrates to prepare project proposals for Central assistance funds, but these are yet to reach here," the official added. Officials also said as the district authorities of the Maoist-infested areas were busy in holding Lok Sabha polls and later they had to concentrate on the Lalgarh operations, they did not get time to prepare the project proposals. Now, as no such proposals have been submitted with only about two weeks to go before the deadline, officials apprehend a major portion of the funds is going to remain unspent. The funds were meant for several water related projects like drinking water projects, minor irrigation, excavation of water tanks and rain water harvesting in the under-developed areas where Maoists have gained a foothold over the past few years. Last year also, the Paschimanchal Unnayan Affairs department had failed to spend a major portion of the funds allotted to it to undertake development projects in these areas. The department could use only Rs 23 crore out of its Rs 50 crore budgetary allocation. If the department fails to carry out development with the Central assistance funds, it would be a jolt to the state government which is desperate to develop the areas where Maoists have gained a foothold. ******* 72-hr PCPA bandh in three districts** July 18 2009 Both the People's Committee against Police Atrocities (PCPA) and the Maoists have called bandhs one after the other. While the Maoist-backed PCPA has given a call for a 72-hour bandh in West Midnapore, Bankura and Purulia districts from Sunday to protest the month-long operation and torture of innocent villagers at its core committee meeting near Lalgarh on Friday, CPI(Maoist) has called a bandh on July 22, immediately after this strike ends in Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and Bengal in protest against the price hike of petrol, potato and essential commodities. "We saw police and CPM-backed goons torture innocent people in the name of anti-Maoist operation for the past one month. They even heckled women. Many villagers have even been forced to leave villages. So, we have called a 72-hour bandh, demanding a stop to such torture and immediate withdrawal of security forces from the area," said PCPA leader Chhatradhar Mahato. "We have also decided to distribute farmlands among landless farmers and labourers of CPM leaders, who have left. Everyone knows that CPM leaders had encroached and evicted many farmers," he added. For example, CPM's Binpur zonal committee secretary Anuj Pandey, who left Dharampur on June 14 following the exchange of fire between CPM and Maoists, used to possess two bigha vested land, after evicting the original patta holder. According to PCPA, Anuj and his two brothers Ujjwal and Manas have 7 bigha cultivable land and 2 bigha vested land. Anuj's maternal uncle and CPM zonal committee member, Binoy Pandey, and his three brothers had 12 bigha in all. Binoy's brother Amal Pandey became Dharampur gram panchayat pradhan and owner of a 30-bigha plot. Another CPM leader, Dalim Pandey, and his three brothers have 12 bigha at Harina. All of them fled Dharampur and Harina on June 14. CPI(Maoist) leader Bikash said: "Maoists will observe a bandh in Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and Bengal to protest the price hike of essential commodities like petrol and potatoes on July 22." ********* http://video.google.de/videoplay?docid=2338671304380482228&ei=joxfStSgGJia2wLs2qQi&q=lalgarh&hl=en ******* Encounter deaths, custodial beatings of PSBJC members , and the lajja-bisarjan protest** By Partho Sarathi Ray and Koustav De. Sept 8, 2009 Police reported of an extended encounter with Maoists on September 2 near Madhupur. In which allegedly 2 Maoists were killed, two others were arrested. http://www.anandabazar.com/archive/1090903/3med1.htm However, the PSBJC has asserted that the persons arrested and killed were all common villagers, supporters of PSBJC who were attending a rally called to protest the rape of a adivasi woman by the police. The police allegedly raped the woman by entering her house in the name of search-operation. The rally was reportedly 12,000 strong and unarmed when police started firing on the people without provocation. The PSBJC fully rejected the news of the encounter, stating it to be completely fabricated. According to the police and administration, on September 2 there had been a 4-hour long gunbattle between the combined forces and the Maoists near Madhupur village as a result of which two Maoists have been killed and two others have been arrested. On Thurssday, September 3, the two arrested people, Ajay Sana and Gautam Mahato, were produced in court where they were remanded to seven days of judicial custody. However according to sources in Madhupur village, on Wednesday afternoon the procession of PSBJC was proceeding from Madhupur, in Salboni block, towards Godamouli which is on the way to Sijua. Sijua is a CPI(M) stronghold and there have been previous attacks from this side on Madhupur (this correspondent has once witnessed such an attack himself). The procession was first fired on by CPI(M) harmads hiding in the jungles on the side of the road, and people started running back towards the village. Apparently the combined forces and the COBRA forces were searching in the jungles on the other side of the road and they started firing on these fleeing people. Two of the processionists, Hemanta Debsingha of Madhupur and Jaladhar Mahato of Goaltore were killed in the firing. Since then the administration have been claiming that these are Maoists. Both the PSBJC and the CPI(Maoist) have rejected the version. The PSBJC has called a 12 hour bandh in West Midnapore, Bankura and Purulia against this. ******** Beating of arrested PSBJC members In another action, the combined forces had arrested 14 women and 3 men from a PSBJC rally in the Tensabandh area of Kantapahari. Among the three men, Ajay Murmu of Sarasbediya and Vishwanath Soren of Darigeriya were beaten up brutally before being released in the night. The other man, Ramdulal Mandi, and the 14 women were also beaten up badly and when they were produced in the court they actually told the judge about the torture they have undergone. From eyewitness accounts, most of the women, including elderly women like Sumi Mandi, couldn't even walk by themselves when they were produced in the court. Their limbs were swollen from the beating. There are also accounts of women being molested during the raids by the combined forces. However, according to the police version, when the police had raided Bansber village in search of Maoists, the women had tried to mobilize the villagers by blowing conch shells and beating drums. When the police lodged tear gas shells to disperse the villagers, the women had hurt themelves trying to flee. This sort of police version about injuries to prisoners is quite common. On the other hand, Shibu Pratihar, a PSBJC member who had been arrested from Sarenga in Bankura was found hanging in the toilet in the court house in Midnapore where he had been brought to appear before a judge. The police are claiming it as a suicide. The lajja-bisarjan protest In protest against these atrocities, especially the assault and molestation of the women, the women of Lalgarh have decided to go for "lajja-bisarjan" protest, i.e they will strip infront of the police and the combined forces in the same way that the women of Manipur had done infront of the Assam Rifles headquarters a few years back. ***** Statement on Lalgarh by the writers and the intellectuals of West Bengal, who stood by the Movements in Singur & Nandigram** September 27 2009 Shouldn't we ponder over? An almost unprecedented mass-upsurge has been sweeping over West Bengal for the last three years as evident from the experiences of Singur, Nandigram, and Lalgarh. Realising that their life and occupation are being endangered in the name of "development", the downtrodden have stood up and built up massive protest movements, not led by any party or individual, but out of their own initiative. Consequently all the forts of conspiracy and persecution of the autocracy are being shattered. In this context the Central Government, the self-styled "nationalists" and the State Government, the self-styled "communists" have joined hands to impose anew devastating state-terror in Lalgarh. The Joint Force have been persecuting the vast masses of people, conducting wanton plunder and destruction. People have to leave their homes and take shelter in forests etc to save their lives. Even the women are being subjected to dishonor and sexual persecution. Like all democratic people we do condemn and oppose these acts. But at the same time the situation has become complicated due to the activities of the CPI(Maoists). Our democratic sense imbues us to demand that every person must allowed to express their opinion and act according to their belief, and also that no one should be gagged, tortured or killed for holding opposition views. We oppose and condemn CPI(M) just for these trampling and raping acts on peoples' democratic rights, which it has done during their rule in West Bengal, and has even been doing this at the present moment in Keshpur and many other places. But the same acts are being done by the cadres of the CPI(Maoist) Party in West Medinipur, along with their politics of individual annihilation. In our opinion, these acts of theirs are harming the process of mass-upsurge in West Bengal, and , in particular, the peoples' glorious movement in Lagarh. At the same time these activities have been creating some sort of "justification" of the state-terror and CPI(M)'s party-terror. While condemning the state-terror and all party- terrors performed by CPI(M) and other parties, we also do oppose the above-referred activities. When the state is making schemes for imposing state-terror on a larger and much-co-ordinated scale, it is not possible to carry forward the mass-upsurge in West Bengal by abandoning the mass-movements and following the politics of trampling of opposite views and policy of mass-annihilation. This lesson has been learnt again and again from the concrete experiences of the past. Shouldn't we ponder over ? Mahasveta Devi Sankha Ghosh Bibhas Chakrabarti Tarun Sanyal Asoke Sen Aparna Sen Naba Datta Saonli Mitra Joy Goswami Pratul Mukhopadhyay Dipankar Chakrabarti Nabarun Bhattacharya Shaibal Mitra Jaya Mitra Kaushik Sen Meher Engineer Sachchidananda Bandopadhyay Pachu Roy Sabyasachi Deb Srijan Sen Pulak Chanda Subhendu Dasgupta Sanat RoyChowdhury Kalyan Rudra Gautam Sen Sandip Bandopadhyay Bolan Gangopadhyay Sumit Chowdhury Krishma Bandopadhyay Amitadyuti Kumar Bipul Chakrabarti Tapas Chakrabarti Rushati Sen Saswati Ghosh Punyabrata Gun Siddhartha GuhaRoy Debaprasad RoyChowdhury Premangsu Dasgupta Anup Bandopadhyay Kumar Rana Subhashis Mukhopadhyay Pradip Datta Pranab De ParthaSarathi Bandopadhyay Pranab De Aditi Chowdhury Bhaskar Gupta Published by Dipankar Chakrabarti (Shyam Vihar :5/1D. Raghunathpur. Kolkata-700059 PHONE:94328 77560) Go to top ******* Condemnation of Chhatradhar Mahato's arrest by organizations and individuals** September 28 2009. West Bengal. Click here for Bengali version [PDF] » We the undersigned individuals and organisations, strongly condemn the arrest of Chatradhar Mahato on 26 September 2009 by the CID and we demand his unconditional release. All of us sincerely believe that the tactics used for arresting is absolutely illegal. Because, firstly: During arrest, according to Supreme Court Judgment (D.K Basu trial) police must be in uniform and bear the official batch. The police have to produce memo of arrest, they have to get it signed by the person detained, have to prepare the memo of inspection and also give a copy, letting the reason of arrest be known. The last one being a constitutional right under Article 22. The police have not followed any of these while arresting Chatradhar Mahato. Not only that, police have knowingly violated the 2006 amendment to section 50A of Indian Penal Code (IPC). Secondly, the Indian Penal Code has no provision for police to arrest someone incognito, rather the police can be accused of being an "Imposter" under IPC. Thirdly, it is being reported in media that Chatradhar Mahato has been accused in 20-22 Criminal cases. This is completely untrue as Chatradhar Mahato is an activist of mass movement who was never accused in any criminal cases. Till June 13 2009 Chatradhar Mahato had participated in several discussions with the Election Commission and the State Government. No accusations came up then. It was only after the joint operation from June 18 2009 that the State Government came up with several allegations! It is most clear that the government and police have falsely made the allegations to frame Chatradhar Mahato. It can be easily understood that the arrest is an act of vendetta against the people who protested against police atrocities. We demand once more that the government should start a dialogue and before that must release Chatradhar Mahato unconditionally. We appeal to all reporter friends and their media houses to protest and also take legal action against this act of discrediting the profession. Individuals: Jaya Mitra, Tarun Sanyal, Debabrata Bandopadhyay, Sunil Sanyal, Pratul Mukhopadhyay, Asim Giri, Ajanta Ghosh, Abhijit Mitra, Subhendu Bandopadhyay, Santu Gupta, Sudipto Dasgupta, Binayak Sen, Ilina Sen, Arundhuti Ray, Amit Bhaduri, Madhu Bhaduri, Tanika Sarkar, Sumit Sarkar, Sumit Chaudhuri, Prafull Bidwai, Asim Srivastav, Panchu Ray, Shantanu Bandopadhyay, Sumanta Bandopadhyay Organisations: AWBSRU FAMA (Forum Against Monopolistic Aggression) TASAM (Teachers and Students Against Mal-Development) Saha Nagarik Mukta Mancha Movement NAPM Sanhati Udyog Gandhi Peace Foundation Total Theater Uthnao-Birbhum Birbhum Adivasi Gaota Brihee-Bankura Loknadi Resource Center Mandra Lion's Club Shilpi Sanskritik Karmi- Buddhijibi Mancha Struggling Workers Majdoor Kranti Parishad PDSF Sez birodhi Prochar Mancha WB Govt Employees Union (Naba Parjay) Swajan WB Govt Struggling Employees- Union Forum AISA Canvas NPN Hawker's Songram Committee Article 22: (1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice. (2) Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the court of the magistrate and no such person shall be detained in custody beyond the said period without the authority of a magistrate. (3) Nothing in clauses (1) and (2) shall apply— (a) to any person who for the time being is an enemy alien; or (b) to any person who is arrested or detained under any law providing for preventive detention. Go to top *************** Statement on the arrest of Chhatradhar Mahato by Radical Socialist** October 6 2009 The police terror in Lalgarh has now been compounded by attempts to extend the terror to other parts of West Bengal, including Calcutta. The arrest of Chhatradhar Mahato, leader of the peoples Committee Against Police Atrocities (PCAPA) was done in a flagrantly illegal manner, with police dressed as journalists arresting him, rather than being in uniform, and not providing the arrest memo in accordance with a Supreme Court judgement. He has subsequently been subjected to a media trial, instead of being given fair opportunity to defend himself. Every day, the police are releasing supposed news about what he has confessed, while he is held incommunicado and not being allowed to confer with a lawyer. The police have also planted about 20 cases against Mahato. It is worth noting that till June 13, 2009, the Government was in regular dialogue with the PCAOPA. So the allegation that there are so many cases against him is clearly a police plant. After his arrest, his so-called confessions are being used to on one hand carry out his character assassination, by alleging that he has a Rs. 1 crore (Rs. 10 million or about $ 209950) life insurance policy, and on the other hand trying to terrorise all those who have supported the peoples' movement in Lalgarh, by alleging that they have aided Maoist terrorism and so forth. No confession can stand in a court of law as evidence against the accused. So it is the criminal intent of the senior police officials and the home secretary and the chief secretary of the Government of West Bengal to influence the court and the public opinion even before the commencement of the legal proceedings on Mahato in the court of law. On October 3, 2009, the Chief Secretary of West Bengal declared that anyone extending support to the Lalgarh movement would be viewed as law violators. This is a bid to create terror and destroy the massive support enjoyed by the Lalgarh movement. Following this tactics, every evening, media persons are being granted "leakages", stating one day that a civil liberties activist was suspected, on another day that a noted female author was suspected, so that intellectuals and activists who are fighting for civil liberties and supporting Lalgarh draw back. We unconditionally condemn this state terrorism. We demand the immediate scrapping of UAPA, and the release of all those who have been arrested under UAPA. We also extend solidarity to all those rights activists who are being threatened by the police and the state for their defence of civil liberties. Go to top *************** Sanhati Statement on arrest of activists involved with the Lalgarh movement** October 6 2009 We strongly condemn the political witch-hunt that the West Bengal government has launched, arresting activists involved in the Lalgarh movement and charging them under the draconian Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), alleging their links with Maoists. We deplore the atmosphere of fear that the West Bengal government has built up in the state, talking about "lists of people" to be arrested, threatening intellectuals and students who had expressed support for the Lalgarh movement and arresting activists based on fabricated charges. The democratic fabric of West Bengal is in grave danger from these actions of the government; we appeal to everyone to protest against these actions for which the only description can be: State Terrorism. List of arrested: Prasun Chattopadhyay, Raja Sarkhel. Go to top ********** Statement of Mahashweta Devi and other intellectuals on the comments of the Home Minister characterizing all dissent as Maoist [PDF, Bengali] » ********* The Sankrail episode: The story of the arrested women** By Partho Sarathi Ray. Oct 27 2009 On 20th October, 2009, Maoists attacked a police station in Sankrail, West Midnapur, West Bengal, taking the O.C. Atindranath Dutta as a prisoner, and demanding the release of fourteen women from police custody. This was a media sensation - the debate centered around whether this defined a hostage situation in India's heartland, whether this was a repeat of Kandahar, and whether the action is an example of violent turf expansion by the Maoists. Subsequently, the women were released and so was the O.C., who has become somewhat of a media celebrity and, much to the wrath of the Government, not condemnded the Maoists. What is being hidden under all the media blitz is the story of the fourteen women whose release from police custody was ensured by the Maoists. These women had all been arrested from in an around Teshabandh village on 3rd September after the 2rd September "encounter" between the combined forces and "Maoists" near Madhupur (there is a previous report on this in Sanhati). The PSBJC had claimed that the encounter was really a firing by the combined forces on a rally of adivasis protesting against the rape of a woman. It had also condemned the arrests of these women from Teshabandh, who were subsequently charged with waging war against the state, as being arrests of innocent people. Today their stand has been vindicated. The public prosecutor didn't oppose their bail plea at the Midnapore court, although the charges against them, which include rioting with deadly weapons, attempt to murder, waging war against the state, raising funds to wage war against the state, sedition and carrying illegal arms, are all non-bailable ones. This is an effective withdrawal of charges. Now, the media has access to the stories of the women and people know who these "dangerous" people are, whom the Maoists were so intent on getting released from police custody. One of them is Subharani Baskey, a grandmother of 55-60 (this correspondent knows her personally - she once treated him to a "nona", a fruit very similar to the custard-apple, just saltier, from her tree). What she has told to the media now is that she was at her home when she heard a commotion outside as the police were arresting the village women. When she went out to enquire, she was arrested for "waging war against the state" and dragged to the Kantapahari police camp. You can hear the real story from these women, Padmamoni, a mother of two children, Pratima Patra, Sumi Mandi and the others, about what happened that day. When the police had raided their village, alleging that the "Maoists" had taken shelter there, they had stopped whatever chores they were doing and come out and surrounded the police, not letting them enter the village. They were not protecting Maoists, they were protecting themselves, as according to what Pratima Patra has said, the police entering the village means they would go door-to-door, beating up people indiscriminately, breaking furniture and looting household goods. Even women from surrounding villages, such as Sumi Mandi, joined them when the news about the raid spread, as is the standard practice in Lalgarh. All these women were arrested, beaten up brutally and taken to the Kantapahari police station where there were charged with the above-mentioned crimes. On the way back to Kantapahari, the police also arrested Ramdulal Mandi, who was walking towards Kantapahari bazar, and charged him with the same crimes. He was also released yesterday. This constant arrests and charging with false cases is the daily reality which Chidambaram- Buddhadeb has imposed in Lalgarh, and now wants to impose on the rest of the adivasi-populated region. The other thing that we should understand about the reality in Lalgarh is that the adivasis think that the Maoists are their last resort, when everything else fails to protect them from exploitation and oppression, the Maoists are there. This is repeated by hundreds of adivasis when you talk to them, who express their confidence on the "bon-er party", the "party of the jungles". This confidence has now been reinforced by this action of the Maoists, where they have ensured the release of these innocent women, rather than their own party cadre, in exchange of the captured O.C. Moreover, the action of the state which has consistently refused to release these women, and other innocent people who have been arrested in Lalgarh over the past four months, inspite of peaceful protests and demonstrations by the PSBJC and the civil society in Kolkata, but has bowed to the armed might of the Maoists, will further reinforce the idea that it is only a certain language that the state understands, and takes heed of. 67 Responses to "Lalgarh Movement – Mass uprising of adivasis in West Bengal" jyoti Says: November 14th, 2008 at 1:51 am It is very sad that the most deprived population which is the highest tribal population in the world has to under go such a humiliation. For how long one persevers. One has to blow up one day and which is what has happened this time at Jhargram. The Gorkhaland movement, Kamtapuri in the north are also the result of Communist's undue treatment of the people and area at large. If communist has to survive they have to change in their modus operandi. They cannot fool the peple all the time. This atrocities on tribals has to be publisised vigorously so that other tribal communities are made aware of their rights and state's and its machinery's unruly behavior. Long live Tribal movement. It should continue. ranjit sur Says: November 18th, 2008 at 12:35 pm This effort of informing the world is nice. I appreciate. Thank you, partha. kasturi Says: November 21st, 2008 at 1:25 pm Many thanks to Partho for such a nice reportage of the truly amazing peoples' uprising at Laalgrah! a gorkha Says: November 26th, 2008 at 11:40 am this is what happens when the ruling government politicizes all the departments. the half-life of pocket voting! Premangsu Says: November 28th, 2008 at 2:09 pm Uprising in Lagarh may give a new direction to the people's movement in whole of India. Singur stood up in protest, Nandigram took the lessons of Singur to a higher stage by resisiting the attepmt of displacement. Lalagarh lerned bo from both Singur and Nandigram and masses there are campaigning in support of such demands that are cahallenging the conventional concept of politics and democracy. Long live Lalgarh. Premangsu Sayan Says: November 30th, 2008 at 5:08 am A outstanding effort by parthoda,these reports and pictures from the ground are helping us in a great extent… Garda Ghista Says: December 4th, 2008 at 9:32 am Why isn't this uprising being covered in the mainstream media and why aren't more reporters going to Lagarh? The people need to understand that it is now the tribals of Lagarh who are the present-day heroes and heroines of India. We need to salute their heroism at every opportunity. uttam Bhattacharya Says: December 5th, 2008 at 7:50 am Thanks for the detailed information. Hope , the report will help to organise public openion. badrinath Says: December 6th, 2008 at 7:33 am Interesting news coverage. Removing road blocks is now "state terror", while burning down a party office in "retaliation" is "democratic struggle". Doesnt' the writer apply common sense when he uses these rubbish terms? Shamik Sarkar Says: December 9th, 2008 at 1:57 pm Commnets on lalgarh movement : 1) The village named Chotopelia of Kantapahari witnessed a spontaneous mass uprising against Police atrocities, when people tried to prevent police from taking away a civil contractor in the late hours of 4th nov. night. The main point against which inhabitants of surrounding villages also joined them en masse is the brutal beating of village womenfolk by police forces which was unprecedented. 2) Villagers cut the trees on adjacent pakka roads in order to "let others konow that something terrible has been happening here". They approached police more than once, but police even refused to talk, apparently escaped inside, closing the main entrances of Lalgarh PS. Villagers left with no other option but demanding that now the police must come to Dalilpur Chawk in order to talk with the villagers, otherwise they wouldn't lift the barricades. Meanwhile, a couple of written charter of demands were published. a committee was established as the organisation of the movement. Initial hand written posters by the villagers contained "jonogon" or "jonosadharon" as pressline. 3) the news of beating of womenfolk by police caused anger in adjacent blocks. Different Jharkhandi groups led the anger into the action of cutting trees and blocking pakka roads. The largest of the lot, Aditya group called for a mass meeting in Jhargram, on 14th November, Saturday. The posters listed three demands, roughly they are the following: a) cessation of W Medinipur, Bankura, Purulia from WB and join with Jharkhand. b) Immediate construction of an intermediate development council comprising these three districts. c) stoppage of police atrocities against adivasis. CPM took the opportunity and started campaigning that the movement was aimed at cessation of these districts. They centered on this campaign for impending election at Jhargram municipality, and subsequently won with a near sweeping majority despite opposition grand-alliance. However, it is important to note that the mass meeting of Jhargram "couldn't be held", as "supporters couldn't come up due to barricades". 4) The villagers in chhotopelia distanced themselves with political parties, starting from well known 'maoist' sympathisers to parliamentary outfits. They were angry with the media as they (media) were aligning the movement with different political thoughts (in different media). 5) The people of the villages were involved in the movement sacrificing a couple of their own interests: a) They were afraid of going in Jungles which they do for collecting Shalpata, one of the means of their livelihood, when the movement is on; b) They were unable to go for Namal (working as agri-labour at other parts of the state) as barricades hampered transportation. 6) The movement in the adjacent blocks (chhotopelia is in Kantapahari block) couldn't get a mass character. The action of cutting trees and staging a road block with those trees appeared as a sign of intensity of the movement but this was not the case also. Rather that particular action was used as a shortcut method for portraying villagers' fury. the action was rather easier with much greater impact. To be more precise, an important weapon of mass movement was grossly misused in the adjacent blocks. CPIM, initially clueless about everything, took that opportunity, organized people in a similar apparently apolitical banner, started offensive against the barricades in adjacent blocks. A number of barricades were cleared without any resistance. 7) Most of the villagers in chhotopelia and adjacent were unaware of the Shalboni SEZ, thus couldn't opine for or against the 'developement'. 8. According to the villagers, Chotopelia has got 85-90 families, of which 6-7 were non-adivasi Mahato. Most of the families ("90 percent") have their own land (small). part of the village is deprived of electricity. P S Ray Says: December 10th, 2008 at 1:37 am I do not agree that the movement didn't have mass character in other places besides Lalgarh. It should be understood that political parties, including Jharkhand party factions, participated in the movement because they came under immense pressure from the adivasis in these areas, who wanted to do something in solidarity with their brethren in Lalgarh, as they could identify with their experiences of state repression. And the political parties didn't hide their banners because they took it as a strategy, they were rather forced to as the adivasis expressed their mistrust of all political parties. It is easy to transpose this cause and effect. The blockades have been removed as the movement increasingly came under attack from the CPI(M) and the fronts (adivasi o an-adivasi aikya parishad, ganapratirodh parishad etc.) that it spawned. And the CPI(M) could muster this courage, after lying low for a month, because of us "intellectuals" in Calcutta, who have been busy trying to find the hand of this or that political party in the movement, but have not been able to organize a single rally in support of the movement. History will not forgive us for this. The CPI(M) waited for something to distract public attention and the Mumbai attacks provided the opportunity. The counter-attacks by the CPI(M) began in the days that the news from the jungalmahal was relegated to the inside of the newspapers by news of the Mumbai attacks. I guess we can only sympathise with victims, as in the case of Singur and Nandigram, but we try to look for "hidden hands" and "hidden banners" when the people are on the march. And it doesn't mean that when the villagers are unaware of the Salboni SEZ, or other big "development" projects, they do not have any opinion about development per se. It depends on the way the question is put to them, and how one interprets the response. They are acutely aware, and vocal, about development issues such as health services, schools, roads, pds, NREGA, land distribution etc. It is up to the questioner how s/he ties it up with the macroeconomic picture. soumya Says: December 12th, 2008 at 12:51 am this year's sanhati ratna award goes to Partho Ray. mohor Says: February 3rd, 2009 at 2:33 pm Where is the criticism against the bloody murderur's which the maoists are? This is so one sided report of what is happening. Allegations are presented as facts. This is just the same yellow journalism sort of report which people are used to see. Jothi SJ Says: February 8th, 2009 at 2:21 am The movement that is getting rooted in Tribal Populated District of West Bengal is result of the State Govt's negligence of the Adivasis. SOme of the Adivasi leaders shapped by the CPIM are not worthy representatives of Adivasis, the rulling party still thinks that they could win the election by force and muscule power. The Adivasis are realising slowly but with clear determination that they are left out of the progress so far and not anymore… The movement needs people's support and solidarity. THe Govt. should come out of their false mindset that the ordinary citizes of the state are with them. It is urged that Govt. (CPIM)should realize it is time that they get their basics right and become 'people centric' rather then 'Power centric'. Shubho Says: February 23rd, 2009 at 6:54 am This is yellow journalism at its best. Keep it up. Bhaskar Says: February 25th, 2009 at 5:53 pm Great work Partho, keep it up. I am always beside you to help in any issues. Swagata yadavar Says: March 3rd, 2009 at 4:30 am hi, i am a college student researching on Adivasi Movements in India for a project. honestly before the project i knew nothing about the Lalgrah and the movement there after. the reports that you have filed ae really great. it is a shame that mainstream media is being biased.it is your work that is bringing attention to the injustice done. is there wy to contact you and get more information about it? the inforamtion will be of invaulable help to us! monalisa kisku Says: April 12th, 2009 at 1:13 pm Long live Tribal MOvement!!! But why isnt this movement getting the attention of national media!! we santals in the other parts of the country know nothing about it!! its a political conspiracy against all the tribals in the country!!! i call upon all the tribals across the length n breadth of the nation to come 2gether n b a joint effort to the protection of our FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS of PEACE, HOME, LAND, FOOD n of course, EQUALITY … so that ppl do not refer to us as " backward castes" Keyanna Says: April 22nd, 2009 at 7:21 am You write very well. Pranab Kanti Basu Says: April 28th, 2009 at 12:08 am Please correct a discrepancy in the reports on Lalgarh. In the report of April 13 it is said: 'Ten people were arrested during the police raids and beaten up, including a retired teacher Khsamananda Mahato and a civil contractor Shamsher Alam from Chotopeliya village, who was visiting the area for a day for some construction work.' Then on April 15 it is reported: 'It seems that when the police was raiding Chotopeliya village, they found that this person called Shamsher Alam was staying for the night in the house of one person. He usually visited the village twice a year to recruit agricultural workers during the harvest season for his and others' farmlands.' Somu Kumar Says: May 31st, 2009 at 9:59 pm Dear Sanhati folks, I salute the comprehensive and excellent coverage of the Lalgarh issue. I read the entire episode in Sanhati website and felt like hearing directly from grassroots. keep up the GOOD work! – Somu Mahato Says: June 13th, 2009 at 4:42 pm These so called illiterate, backward "tribals" are actually showing the so called educated, intellectual, forward caste Bengalis how to grow a spine and stand up against CPI(M) state sponsored terrorism. When the dust settles, and the CPI(M) is defeated, these people will take the credit and wear the same shoes of CPI(M). The so called "tribals" will remain as backward, illiterate "tribals" and wait for the next generation of anti-liberal activists to exploit their struggle again. If these activists really want to bring about a social change, they need to stop referring these people as "tribals". The real cause is the Indian social architecture of caste and identification of some Indians and "tribals". As long as you refer this as a "tribal" resistance, you are basically implying that you are not one of them and they are not one of you. The social f@#k-up starts there. Santosh Mondal Says: June 16th, 2009 at 9:42 pm A Maoist looked at a rich mans house - and said - no man should have as much (unless you are a leftist thug). A capitalist looked at a rich mans house and said - even I must have as much. These so called "Maoists" are basically fooling the poor, gullible and illiterate tribals into supporting their goals of capturing power (which they cannot do using democratic means). They may kick out all the rich men (just like Idi Amin and Mugabe), but at the end of the day, the poor will be no better off - as as matter of fact, they will way worse off in absolute terms. Once in power, the Mao-shits have zero scruples. Right now in Nepal - corruption is far worse than it was under the Monarchy. One example - a Nepali with a valid visa/passport has to pay bribes in the thousands of dollars before immigration will allow him/her to board the airplane. They say that their movement is peaceful. Yeah - all right. Peaceful - only if you do as they say. If you don't - off with your head. But the leaders do know how to talk sweet and manipulate the media. Peaceful my foot - If you are peaceful, show your mettle through the ballot box. I am quite content to see that the far left is fighting the left. May both perish at the end of the day. Mahato Says: June 19th, 2009 at 2:16 am Santosh Mandal, do you think the CPI(M) showed their mettle for 32 years peacefully through the ballot box? Grow up or get a brain implant. santanu Says: June 19th, 2009 at 3:25 pm Lalgarh movement by so called Maoists is nothing but a Terrorism sponsored by cIA to oust the communists from Bengal. In the disguise of Maoism they are actually stooge of American Impeialism and getting all support including funds and arms from them. There is no people's charter in it. There is no class ideology. They are propagating anarchy and sparodic killing like hired merceneries. This is meant to destroy the Rights obtained by the common people through spread of democracy and decentralised planning process initiated by the Marxist Govt. in the said area. The people of Lalgarh belt is kept under fear and oppression by these Terrorists like the Nazis did in Germany. Those who are supporting this Naked Terrorism are enemies of People and enemies of Bengal. santanu Says: June 19th, 2009 at 3:34 pm Here are some comments from the well-known ultra-left (Naxalite) leaders : Kanu Sanyal, felt that from the very beginning, the Lalgarh movement lacked the character of a mass uprising. This is the main difference with the Naxalite movement, which started off with farmers capturing land. The struggle revolved around keeping the land away from the state or the rich landowner. "Our agenda was fixed. We led the farmers from the forefront and were ready to die. So many of us got caught and killed, but it was for the cause of a revolution. But the Maoists are egging on the tribals of Lalgarh from the rear. When the state machinery strikes, they have their retreat route ready. Do you call this a revolution?" . "I had expected them to at least come up with a charter of demands for the people. Instead, they have always played on the emotions of the tribals by calling them a class. During the Naxalite movement we just had two classes the rich and the poor we didn't create such caste divides." All that the Maoists had done for the tribals was create a small armed group that would fight police while they themselves beat a retreat. The unarmed masses would be left to die, he feared. Another well-known Naxalite leader, Purnendu Basu, feels the Maoists are not good strategists. "They are using helpless tribals as bait to increase their influence. Several Naxalite leaders like Santosh Rana, Pradip Banerjee and Aditya Kisku, have been trying for the past year to visit them and start a dialogue. It would have actually helped the Maoists as these three leaders had led the struggle in the same zone in the 70s and could have shared their experiences and seen that there were no excesses," Azizul Haq has questioned the new-found friendship between Maoists and Trinamool. "How can a movement like this find a friend in Trinamool that represents the remnants of feudalism? A party that has a leader who was the publicity officer in Voice of America against the Nicaragua struggle (Kabir Suman) will help Maoists in their pro-people struggle?" Mahato Says: June 19th, 2009 at 8:53 pm Santanu: "Lalgarh movement by so called Maoists"… Dear Santanu, the Lalgarh movement is not a movement by Maoists. It started as a spontaneous reaction to West Bengal police brutality against tribal women and children after the Maoists tried to blow up Buddha's vehicle. It is a disorganized reaction to CPI(M) and CPI(M) backed police terrorism and not an organized movement. Srini Says: June 20th, 2009 at 3:06 pm Three days.. Three days… a CPI(M) sympathiser's dead body was kept in the open and his family members were not allowed to cremate his body. Is this the peaceful resistance that the so called "Police atrocities resistance committee" is offering. Is this what Mao asked for. Shame on Sanhati and the people who run this site for endorsing mafia murder of the worst form in the name of resistance and peoples' movement. Not a single statement from Sanhati condemning this kind of violence. Crying Shame. A left sympathiser Says: June 20th, 2009 at 3:44 pm The people running http://www.sanhati.com should be ashamed of their deliberate building up of anarchy in Lalgarh. By at times obliquely and at times directly endorsing "liberated areas", "blockades" and cutting away from the state, they have invited state action against the hapless tribals. As Sanhati's favourite revolutionaries have gone on a tear, killing and maiming anyone supposed to have any linkage with the CPI(M), Sanhati endorses these acts calling them "resistance" and "popular mood". Does Sanhati have any conscience left anymore? I find that most of these people who run the website and even contribute to it are firmly ensconced in imperialist countries, earning tenure and salaries from these institutions. There is a limit to hypocrisy. Sanhati must apologise to the hapless tribals for putting them in harm's way and to all those tribals who were killed in cold blood simply because they dared to associate themselves with the CPI(M) and for not condemning the mafia violence by the Maoists. raghavendra Says: June 21st, 2009 at 12:38 am Sanhati's statement of June 16 categorically rejected violence on purported impoverished CPIM workers: http://sanhati.com/front-page/1083/#S1 "We have also been alarmed by incidents in the recent past where some purported CPI(M) supporters in the area have been murdered or inhumanly attacked, allegedly by squads of the CPI(Maoist). We condemn these acts of violence - we feel that such actions are counter-productive for the growth and sustenance of the movement, which itself is directed against state-sponsored violence and which probably has origins in the years of organisational work done by these radical left organisations in the jangalmahal area. We strongly feel that any organisation or group involved in these incidents should refrain from such acts and owe an explanation to the people regarding why such acts were committed." Thus Srini is talking nonsense. As regards Sanhati members being ensconced in imperialist countries: if they are based outside India how could they report in such detailed minutae on a remote corner of West Midnapur. That too for many months. Are such details available via internet, TOI, The Hindu, email etc. these days? Please don't joke with serious readers. dhananjay Says: June 21st, 2009 at 1:25 am One thing I want to ask the a CPI(M) sympathiser's Please let me know HOW ANUJ PANDA WAS BORN INTHE CPIM PARTY AND WITH THE PERTONISATION FROM THE ADMINISTRATIION THE CPM GOVERNMENT. Srini Says: June 21st, 2009 at 2:57 am We are yet to see Sanhati genuinely report on violence on CPI(M) members in the region. The reaction of condemnation was too late in coming, only after mainstream media published reports with photographs graphically pointing out horrendous crimes of violence against CPI(M) sympathisers. And that too, obliquely suggesting that the horrendously violent incidents perpetrated on the CPI(M) members was almost deserved. As for Dhananjay.. even if yes, the CPI(M) member Anuj Panda was a beneficiary of patronage from the administration of the CPI(M) government, do you think that killing a CPI(M) member and let his body rot in front of a party office and burning the office down is resistance? No civilised human being will agree with this kind of heinous nonsense. And I am yet to see the Sanhati writers condemn assassination attempts. It is ridiculous that the "annihilation of the class enemy" nonsense is still being peddled as legitimate use of resistance. @ Raghavendra, I suppose that Sanhati might want to kill the "development" beast (as its stated aims suggest), but is still willing to use the technology of the internet and telecommunications, all product of development. Another instance of irony. Let us check what Partha Sarathi Roy has been writing on this site in the form of "reportage" - when the state removes blockades - it is state terror and when the protagonists in Lalgarh burn ruling party offices it is resistance. Such reports from useful idiots are best described as propaganda. My statement about Sanhati's writers such as Dipankar Basu etc stand intact. If they are so concerned about India's radical revolutionary path, let them get out of places such as Colorado and work it out in here and not give sermons while getting tenure in the US. harry Says: June 21st, 2009 at 3:02 am yah jo kuch bhee ho raha hai bhole bhale aam logo ko unka swantrta se wancheet aor rajneeti ka galat upyog hai smasya ka hal karne kee apekcha iish smashya ko bhut hee be rhamee se rounda jjaa jaa rha hai. jab tak amm logo ko yah mahsush naa ho ke aaj desh ajjad nahee huwa hai nnetaa gaan ko yah soch kar chalna chahye kee aabb taak unhe sache netta ka hunnar paata nahee hai nVIJAYs Says: June 21st, 2009 at 9:41 am Hello Srini! It is clear from your biased approach to the issue, that you are the propagandist for CPIM party. Indiscriminate support to a political party doesn't imply that one is pro-people. Have you read Com. Ashok Mitra's confession made in an article published in 'Monthly Review' issue of December 2007? You must have known that Ashok Mitra was the first finance minister of Left Front Government in West Bengal in the first cabinet of Jyoti Basu. He was widely respected across the political parties in India and worked also as economic adviser to the Indian Government. He was highly critical of the way the Nandigram people's issue was tackled by the Left front Govt. If one believes in a political party, that doesn't mean that he must support it's horrendous mistakes of the party. His true belief in that party provokes him to criticize it's mistakes without any inhibition. That too when those mistakes cause hardships to the common people they must be dealt with severe criticism otherwise of which the party would be kept away by the people as was witnessed in Singur and Nandigram. Of course! Such thing happens only when loyalty to a party is ideologically based rather than loyalty is due to benefits gained through that party. I hope you got my point. Here in Lalgarh the nature of people's demands clearly proves they are apolitical. Maoists may or may not backing them. We can clearly understand from the movement that the people have been suffering a lot. The development is not an absolute issue rather relative. Industrialisation alone can't be development when it is depriving people off their livelyhood. How can setting up one lakh car factory in a land where people extract crops thrice a year be termed as development? Agriculture and Industries should go hand in hand and they should benefit common people of West Bengal but not private capitalists or foreign MNCs who setup industries in 'foreign territories on Indian soil' (refer SEZ act). And their sole purpose is to export. Indian Union Govt and almost all state Govts are propagating that such SEZs are going to benefit Indian masses. Should we believe? The CPIM itself is publishing lot of literature against SEZ act and against privatisation and globalisation and distributing to the people where it is not in power. Is it a fair talk of development. Usage of Internet by a small action of people is not at all a develpment when it doesn't benefit people who are producing wealth in this country. I personally oppose indiscriminate killings and blastings as forms of struggles. Targeting CMs, Officials, or even lowest rung employees in forests and killing them has nothing to do with peoples movements against police oppression and against feudal & capitalist loot. But people of Lalgarh are the real sufferers of state oppression, hunger, poverty etc. Presence of Maoists doesn't sanctify police oppression of tribal people. Left has been ruling for 32 years and why these tribals are left to their fate for such a long time. Maoists entry is made easy only due to denial of even basic amenities for such a long periods. Actually Left front Govt should take responsibility for paving the way for entry of Maoists. Can it dare to? No. Because now it's not for the people. Remember. A cabinet minister left the party long back in 90s accusing the left Govt. as 'for the contractors, by the contractors and to the contractors'. Finally we have to agree that Lalgarh movement is peoples movement. If so called left in India want to survive further they should act on behalf of people instead of local & foreign capitalists. They should end acting smart of being with people and prove that they are different from other parties. Otherwise mere presence of 'Communist' word in their names doesn't qualify them as real Communist parties. Thanks to sanhati for providing opportunity to share my views and for providing news of Lalgarh which are not available on mainstream media. blitzkrieg Says: June 21st, 2009 at 1:58 pm How much does a landmine cost? And the AK-47s? From where are these coming? Who are sponsoring them, the impoverished tribals? So, there must be some sort of extortion. Some mafiosi. And don't forget that even Robin Hood was a dacoit after all. The roads are regularly dug out. So there were some roads, right? Not as cut-off as some portion of the so-called intellectuals claim. And why saw off all these trees? Where are the environmentalists? Where do these sawn-off trees go? There are so many unanswered questions. And not to answer them is to support the most dangerous statement of al times: The end justifies the means. Srini Says: June 21st, 2009 at 3:18 pm Dear NVijays, Please don't give me sermons on what my political beleifs are. One can take a critical position against the CPI(M) and its policies - on land acquisition, on their industrial development approaches, and even on the rampant "party-society" system in West Bengal. But one can equally be critical of lawlessness, anarchy and Maoist mafiosi. The CPI(M) gave up its plans to acquire land in Nandigram after the movement and the Nano plant did not come up after opposition protests in Singur. The left front government was indeed forced into inaction after the protests by Mamata and her cohorts over the car factory. Ashok Mitra is a legendary communist who has been scathing on the CPI(M), but he has never endorsed the "Maoist" praxis or supported the "famous lady" as he keeps pointing to in his many a writing in his "Cutting corners". Even in his suggestions on the Singur factory, he gave clear support to a joint venture between the Tatas, the government and the land losers, a far more practicable proposal than the one suggested by the famous lady or even Sanhati. After all, there were a huge number of people who turned out to collect their compensation cheques as well. If Dr. Mitra's suggestions were heeded, there could have been the possibility of a joint ownership of the Tatas, the land-losers and the government with bond maturity options instead of a simplistic compensation package. Dr. Mitra was also critical of the left front not being able to convert unused/shut down factories into use for grande industry. Prabhat Patnaik has written extensively about the flawed nature of the neoliberal process but at the same time endorsed the efficacy of the use of grande industry. All these writers and even Amit Bhaduri have mulled over means of attaining both development and dignity, and considered the politico-economic situation of West Bengal with the inefficacy of increased and splintered land ownership in the state and the general agrarian situation indeed in the countryside. The CPI(M) led Left is also gripped with the nature of industrialisation and the debate should have focused on that. The band of writers who write for Sanhati blissfully ignore right wing opportunism and its collusion with ultra-leftism of the Maoists' brand and tout and package them within "resistance". This kind of apolitical bullshit is then peddled as "revolutionary literature". Please don't drag the likes of Ashok Mitra and other committed communist theoreticians/ economists within this vintage of opportunists. Even a respected literateur such as Mahaswetha Devi has clearly lost her onions by endorsing no less than an utter opportunist such as the famous lady, Ms Bannerjee. Hypocrisy and Irony is profound in its presence in this site and one doesn't have to be an expert to "feel" it. Anonymous Says: June 21st, 2009 at 3:31 pm Yeah, there are roads. To let the police in. Yes, there are buildings for schools and instead of students, the police camp out there. How many AK-47 have you seen with the maoists? The arms are mostly what is used by the police, because they are mostly snatched from the police. The maoists openly say so. But since you raised the question, could you please tell me where do parties like CPIM get their hordes of arms and ammunitions from? The loads that came out of Khejuri alone could put any maoist organisation to shame. blitzkrieg Says: June 22nd, 2009 at 2:06 am In reply to "Anonymous", Comment # 37: If I remember correctly, Lalgarh is under the Binpur assembly segment. Isn't there an MLA from that seat? And that MLA probably belongs to the opposition … so why don't we hear about the miserable plights of the tribals (yes, the way they live is a shame to any civilized society) in the assembly itself? Isn't that the way a democratic set-up should work? Do you think that if a guy exploits you, the best way to deal with that is to take the law in your own hand and kill him? Do you want to overthrow the democratic structure or establish a state within the state? The tribals constitute about 25% of our population. Communities far less in number have far louder voices, and are far more seriously taken by all political parties. Why not so for the tribals? Is there any alternative to a democratic set-up? And, in case you think the revolution is going to happen some time, can you explain why the state should tolerate that? Remember that I really sympathize with the plight of teh tribals. But that is not an excuse to take the law in your hand. And those who live by bullets should die by bullets. Re CPI(M) arms, it is well-known that every political party in India has a gang of goons associated with it. With 33 years of power, the CPI(M) is no exception. It is just like another political party. The only difference with the other national parties is that it still shows a formal allegiance to a long-dead ideology. Anonymous Says: June 22nd, 2009 at 11:10 am Binpur's present MLA is Chunibala Hansda from Jharkhand Party, Naren faction. The MLA just before her was Shambhu Mandi of CPIM, famous for saying the Santhals won't die from hunger, they have the fruits and rats and snails from the forest. And whom does the police belong to? Who is beating up the adivasi women mercilessly today? Please don't forget that this started off as a protest against police atrocities. And democracy? For these people? They should go to the law to take up their issue? These comments by you precisely points to the great divide between the two india. blitzkrieg Says: June 22nd, 2009 at 1:26 pm There may exist a huge divide between the two India, but that cannot be an excuse to take the law in your own hand. A college student was killed when he was taking the morning tea. Is this revolution? This is nothing but terrorism … and good that PC Chidambaram has realised this. Try to understand the basic game of Indian politics. If a particular faction is oppressed by some party, the opponent party will cry hoarse just to get their votes and build a solid vote bank. It is impossible, according to the game theory, to have a sizable group oppressed by all and sundry. And your statement precisely points to that — the MLA is from Jharkhand party, who is with the opposition. Why doesn't she raise her voice? And, why can't they go to the law? There are so many NGOs and so many lawyers who will jump at these issues and take up the cases free of charge. We should all do well to remember that if one legitimises "popular fury" and "people's court", the judiciary will become irrelevant. And that is one of the pillars of democracy. And democracy has no alternative. If you think democracy is not good for you, better prepare yourself for democracy, and don't glorify killings. Every murder is a murder and is equally condemnable. Anonymous Says: June 22nd, 2009 at 7:26 pm WB Police using village kids to clear mines. http://timesofindia.indiatimes. com/India/Scared-Lalgarh-cops-using-youths-as-shields/articleshow/4685348.cms Indian Shining Says: June 22nd, 2009 at 7:29 pm 'Scared' Lalgarh cops using youths as shields 22 Jun 2009, 0232 hrs IST, Caesar Mandal, TNN PIRAKATA: The message from Writers' Buildings to show a human face while dealing with the warring populace in Lalgarh apparently hasn't reached the force. Why else would a section of the state armed police (SAP) — terrified of IED explosions - catch hold of local youths and force them to poke around for hidden mines and explosives? Acts like this will trigger more calls for vengeance and lead people to doubt the sincerity of the government's attempts to pacify the tribal villagers. It also exposes the lack of preparedness of the administration. There are just two CID bomb disposal experts stationed at Lalgarh. A second team is kept in reserve in Midnapore town to be deployed in case of 'VIP movement'. A third is cooling its heels in Kolkata. There is not a single explosives expert with police forces anywhere else in the war zone. Ever since Friday evening's blast at Kuldiha, in which the Domkal SDPO's vehicle was hit and three policemen were injured, police have been wary of such attacks. The moment they come across any culvert, many policemen are scared to cross, fearing that Maoists might have planted an IED. Four blasts and half a dozen gunbattles have been reported ever since forces started their march to Lalgarh. Though no policeman has died, the guerrillas have scored a psychological victory — they have sown the seeds of fear and anxiety. It's this fear that has led some policemen, who are themselves not trained to detect explosives, to force local youth to do the dangerous job for them. Eighteen-year-old Shambhu Ghosh, Madan Mahato (20) and Shakti Ghosh (23) from Dhangori village were among the unlucky locals. They have been on the run since last Thursday when security forces entered the village searching for Maoists. On Sunday morning, they were having breakfast at a roadside eatery, close to the Pirakata camp, when a team of policemen surrounded them. One of them asked if they were from Dhangori village. "When we said yes, they asked us where we had been hiding for the last three days? We didn't give any answer. One of the policeman grabbed us by our collars and threatened to arrest us of we didn't work for them," Shambhu said. The two were taken to Pirakata camp and given three-foot-long S-shaped rods (possibly taken from a construction site). They're then told to scan for any suspicious object — say, an abandoned bag or a box — lying on the roadside and use the rod to poke around and see if it triggers an explosion. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Scared-Lalgarh-cops-using-youths-as-shields/articleshow/4685348.cms nVIJAYs Says: June 22nd, 2009 at 7:35 pm Dear Srini Giving sermons? I don't have such guts. I'm trying to learn something through discussion and by observing people's movements. In the process I just want those like you who possess some material to use in such a way that others can learn. And I think Ridiculing, or attacking can't help but attract further ridicule and attack from which other readers can't gain any knowledge and they can't be sure who is right or who is wrong. That's all I want to say. Not only Ashok Mitra, even the great men from Karl Marx to Mao never endorsed what Maoists are doing now, like indiscriminate killing, irrelevent practices of blasting and destroying and all such things. Maoists have inherited these individual annihilation from Charu Mazumdar and they never learn lessons from their practice. Their practice itself has seen their end in their so called once a stronghold i.e AP. They are repeating same tactics every where. Narodnizm in Russia and adventurist leaders like wang-ming & Lee-Lee-Tsan in Chinese Revolution made a good mark in history by being ultra-left in their practice. Both left -ve lessons in the history of world revolutions. But it seems Maoists also want to leave their own mark on Indian revolutionary path even before it being started to be laid. People everywhere in India are facing repression from police and different forms of special forces along with being looted by exploiting classes. They are forced to face repression even before they start to rise their voice against their sufferings. Maoists' practice is not born from people's wishes. Their actions are only endorsed by those who doesn't want to enter the field but want to watch somebody doing it. They may be so called intellectuals, may be middle-class adventurists, may be wavering petty-burgeoise are likes. But my request is not to make others confuse by alleging sufferers are backed by Maoists. I once again say that there may or may not be presence of Maoists. I urge to see whether people are there. See whether the people are the sufferers or not. See whether the people are oppressed for no fault of their. Here in Lalgarh can students of 8th to 10th standard be a part of a conspiracy against the state. Why were they arrested at the middle of the night? They are released only after people gathered in a large scale (or medium scale whatever) and protested. Even then cases were lifted against them. Why 'Left' Govt resorted to such a meaningless, anti-people step while being biggest 'Left party' in this country? Actually In my observation after obtaining information from different sources I understood that Maoists do exist in Lalgarh and surrounding areas. Tribal people have begun to face repression due to their existence. But Their mere existance doesn't imply that people invited them and gave blank cheque to resort to blasts and killings. In the name of finding Maoists police started brutal repression causing innocent tribal people great troubles and hardships. Continuous suffering provoked them to retaliate just to protect their children and women. Maoists who were already there grabbed the opportunity lent their support. Their posters, pamphlets gave an impression that the retaliation as a whole has been the result of their work. Actually so far in the history of Maoists or PWG there was never an example after Naxbalbary and Srikakulam struggles, when they actually created mass movements and subsequently prepared people to retaliate are ressist with whatever arm by themselves. All their history is filled with blastings and killings. Even today they depict them as wishes of people and people endorsed their actions which has not been true. If Armed struggle is really there and people are really associated with it they should gather and resist and fight when Maoists leaders and activists have got arrested. Instead people are vacating their houses and villages with the fear of arrests and killing under fake encounters. This itself reveals the truth that they do not endorse Maoists' actions on behalf of them. Some adventurist youth may join them out of curiosity of heroic acts. They simply return after sometime after their realising the ground situation. Most of them die even before their return. Still More and more youth are getting attracted by them because sufferings are there everywhere in India. They have seen enough of these parliamentary representatives' utter disregard to them and their true nature in solving their problems. Most sadest thing is so called left in India became, by now, part and piece of this partliamentary mud. Ashok Mithra says 70% of the present cadre of CPIM joined after 1977 when the party started their long journey in power in WB and 90% joined after 1990 when NEP under different names have began to be implemented in the country. Ashokji acknowledges that they were not taught Left theory and practice. Instead whatever the hierarchy of the party say and practice has been taught as left. In the course the basic political, economic, and philosophical ideology was thrown into cold storage and If anybody dare to bring it out has been termed as dogmatist and the ideology has been stamped as 'dogma'. China's reformist leader Deng who began the capitalist road in socialist China and his followers till now are regarded as Socialist Roaders even when they have successfully completed their journey towards Capitalist Society by now. So there is no chance for the new recruits to know what is 'left'. CPIM leaders extensively quote com. Lenin with page nos. in their essays published in AP's CPIM theoritical Monthly. I tried several times to find them in what they refer (Mostly Lenin collected works), but I never find relevance or relation their referred pages. Of course I search both old and new editions but to no avail. Isn't this the highest order of hypocrisy? So finding leftism in Indian left may be highly impossible. Hence the Motor cycle brigade policing became common in WB left politics. They utter disregard towards people who choose or vote for other parties. Whenever people try to protest in someway or other they are becoming victims of read youth brigade's highhandedness. They simply forget they also belong to working class and they should also be attracted towards left if they believe CPIM is real left. Let's forget whether CPIM is really left or not. No democracy for those who doesn't find shelter under CPIM? I strongly believe your 'famous lady' and it's party can be aligned with fascist side. If she was given chance to rule Mamatha's motor brigade or lathi brigade may start to decide who is who and who is to be kept where. Police will become loyal to her party. Some may remain with CPM. But people's sufferings remain the same and may become even tuffer. All these acts of agitation in Singur and Nandigram is nothing but capturing the opportunity of grabing hold on people for votes. It can not loose the chance to discredit the ruling party and posing as the messiah for the common innocent masses. But my real concern lies with the people who protested against forceful displacement. You say huge no. of people collected their cheques. But not before expressing their protest also. There are sharecroppers who lost livelyhood. Actual land owners live somewhere in cities and they found compensation more attractive than collecting their share every year their share of the harvest. Some of them fallen to continuous counseling and threatening of police as well as red brigade. If people endorsed in huge no. the Govt.' decision in Singur why it was banned to enter the area for outsiders who tried to assess the situation by themselves? Why police force is deployed in such a large scale to control the protests? You simply show Mamatha as the reason. But one has to agree when people find somebody in support of their cause they can't reject them as they generally lack political knowledge. Even CPIM gave and took support of Congress party even if it had been the major exploiter and agent of top capitalist and feudal classes for the majority period of the so called Independent India. So how can we find fault with the people who accept support from anybody when they are in helpless situation. Here we should draw a clear line between Mamatha's tactics for political mileage and people's desperate attempts to save themselves from imminent loss of livelihood. In the course people do not care for their supporters' tactics. It is more true when the Govt. which is supposed to protect people's interests, turned against them and decided to forcefully displace the people. As usual police and party cadre resorted to unmindful counseling in their own way. You show digging of roads and cutting of trees as biggest mistakes and taking law in their own hand. But when they did it? Why they did it? Maoists presence and their attempt on CM attracted police and red brigade's attention. When their brutal acts on tribal people became unbearable they decided themselves to stop them entering their villages. They took Nandigram example and digging and cutting followed to 'prevent' police and motor brigades entering their area in an attempt to protect their children women. This is true whether anybody likes it or not. Maoists might have lent this idea but it was readily accepted by the people in the background of terror they are facing. The spread of the movement with such a speed in a short time has been possible only because of the traditional bond that existed between them for centuries, but not due to work of Maoists. Laying roads themselves, digging canals and even reservoirs and check dams were also possible due to extensive discussions among themselves in large gatherings. I observe that the movement and Maoists' actions are two separate processes. If Maoists are there in peoples' decisions it was limited to some part of leadership of the movement. It seems Maoists have got regard among considerable sections of people there. But people mainly the follow their own village leaders and elders. If a youth is vocally aggressive he might be accepted as a leader. Committee leadership seems not fully co-operative with Maoist's directions. They are taking their directions even out of some sort of fear it seems. To day(22/06/09) I have read in 'The Hindu' the statement of Chhatradhar Mahato in a press meet. It went like this "I admit that there is a Maoist presence in this area. But I have no control over their violent activities not do I have any connection with them.I can only appeal to them but cannot speak out. Otherwise, my life will be threatened." This statement itself reveals the relation of Maoists and PSJBC leadership. He also urged both sides to consider safety of their tribal villagers. Finally Maoists actions without the endorsement of the people there are going to harm tribal people extensively as happened in several states earlier. Govt' forces will be ordered to teach a lesson to the people protested against police atrocities so that they may not repeat the same in future. Maoists'll move to some other place in India. Actual peoples issues, their sufferings their poor state remain and will further worsen. My assessment is just based on Maoists' practice in different parts of the country. I don't say It only happens. If Maoists care people's security they may take more wise decision. But CPIM is undoubtedly not with the people interests. They are there to protect Tatas and Salims' interests. other left simply follow them. In India, one stream of left is almost aligned with the ruling class parties. One stream of left is at extreme left and actually became like a menace indirectly in the form of repression, and fake encounters, to people of the places wherever they are present. Other streams who do not endorse both of them but decided to build peoples' movements first and develop them step by step into resistance movement and then to armed struggle to redistribute the land and so on, on Marxism-Leninism and Mao thought. CPI(ML)-New Democracy is prominent among them. There were many groups under this stream but most of them disappear or left with few leaders. Their influence is very limited. The situation in Indian society is so ripe for revolutionary movement that the people are waiting desperately for true alternative. But revolutionary parties are suffering with long term ailments. Let's hope this situation ends shortly. blitzkrieg Says: June 25th, 2009 at 2:04 pm What an article by Partho Sarathi Ray! Really enlightening, I must say. We sure learnt a lot of things: 1. If you are oppressed, or feel oppressed, it is your right to take up the law in your own hand. 2. A legitimate way to vent your anger and frustration is killing other people — not all necessarily from the local affluent class — as if this is a class struggle. 3. The idea of "class struggle" is still alive and kicking! 4. Murder is nothing but a "little skirmish". 5. The intellectuals went to lalgarh not for their own publicity, or not because some party asked them to, but just for their own conscience. 6. A democracy can function without a police force as its ultimate administrative arm. This is something unique in the whole world. Let us all give him a very big hand. nVIJAYs Says: June 26th, 2009 at 4:43 am Dear blitzkrieg Will you please stop your 'ridiculing' language. If you have something to say to prove what others are telling is wrong, please tell them what facts you know. That only will show the strength of your argument, if any. Your each and every comment is filled with -ve comments instead of placing your ideas with facts and figures to prove what you want to say. It may entertain you but other readers who wants to know the facts of the issue in in discussion. Your 3rd point above itself tells that you know nothing about 'class struggle' or about what 'class struggle' is meant by Marxist ideology. Class struggle is not something that is forced by others to happen in the society. It is there in human society right from the beginning of human history. It has been changing it's forms over the time depending upon the players involved in it. It doesn't depend upon one's beliefs. whether one likes it or not It is there in human society. It is an accepted fact. Even capitalist economists acknowledge this. Class struggle' is inherent in 'Class Society'. Let's make it simple. Throughout this discussion on the Lalgarh issue we can see two different types of opinions. These two opinions are born out of two different approaches to the issue. These are based on how you see things. You can also see that these two opinions are opposite to each other and conflicting with each other. Further, these two approaches represent the interests of two different sets of people in the society. They are contradictory because interests of two sets of people are opposite to each other. These two sets of people are none but two different classes of people. When contradiction arises between their interests they try to resolve the contradiction through struggle which is nothing but class struggle. When opposing players can resolve their struggle through friendly approach and discussions It can be called 'friendly contradiction'. Struggle happens to take the form of long term & even armed struggle because the interests of those classes of people are completely opposite to each other. They cannot resolve their contradiction in a friendly manner. Their natures of interests are enemies to each other. One can exist in the society only by annihilating the other. Mind you. I'm not talking about physical elimination but elimination of nature of interests. Broadly every society of every country is divided into two classes of which one is appropriating the fruits of labour of the other. They can do this with the help of force. Other class tries to resist the force to save their own labour's benefits. The whole wealth of the world is the result of labour of the vast masses. This fundamental contradiction results in rising of struggles of the people in different forms. This is science. You can have it by studying sociology If you do not know these minimum facts and believe in what commercial news magazines and news papers write about demise of socialism and victory of capitalism I can say that you are mislead by the news propagated by the interests of Capitalist classes. If victory of Capitalism is true why the present unprecedented economic crisis? Why the capitalist class is so terrified and still not able to find a solution to resolve their crisis which has taken birth right in the womb of capitalist heaven USA (Wall Street)? What I said here is very minimum things about 'Class Struggle' (or virtually nothing I can say). It is just for an Idea. Please try to learn and make us learn something from you. Thank you sir. rudhran Says: June 26th, 2009 at 10:44 am thanks for writing all this. i may be writing a blog on this and will use all the information with acknowledgement and gratitude Tapas Says: June 26th, 2009 at 1:35 pm It is the lesson learnt from the history of the whole world that the Communists (!) become the worst of all the degenerates when they come to power. Stalin to Buddhadeb - no exception. You ought to scavenge out the garbages, it does not go automatically. Keep patience! They will be thrown out for ever, as they have been everywhere. Pity on the "supporters of CPIM", of any colour. They have been such brain-washed that they simply refuse to see the evident. Let, Marx give them some brains. nVIJAYs Says: June 26th, 2009 at 7:06 pm Dear Tapas What you mention as 'lesson' appears a misconception. Those who degenerates after coming to power can not be called 'communists'. They may be belonging to some other category. First of all 'Communists' never try to come to power through participating in parliamentary elections which do not give any power to 'Communists' where all other wings of the state namely military and other such forces, Judicial System, means of production kept intact with exploiting class i.e Capitalist & Feudal classes. Only those under the cover of red flag but actually aligned with exploiting classes become degenerates. We should be able to differentiate between such communists and the actual communists who identify themselves with the people's interests. Socialist construction in Russia was halted with the death of Com.Stalin. After Stalin, capitalist roaders captured the power and began to reverse the socialist path towards reestablishment of capitalist society. That capitalist society could not bare the burden of military economy which was taken up to counter US militarism. Ultimately it collapsed by the time of Gorbachev and Yeltsin grabbed the opportunity to ascend to power in already established capitalist society. So what failed in Russia is not socialism but capitalism itself. The same failure of capitalism can be seen now in US (and throughout the globe) in the form of explosion of unprecedented financial crisis on global scale. In China also same thing happened after the demise Com.Mao. Under the leadership of Deng reversal of socialist construction had started and now we can only see capitalism in it's full form in so called communist China. Even it is under the banner of red flag it should not be confused as communist. Even now Mao has good following and communist sympathisers still exist in vast number. Only these facts are preventing the rulers of China to remove their red guise. Also there is a comfort in being as communist party. They can enjoy the power without the fear of opposition. Strength of the well disciplined cadre base help them to oppress any form dissent among people against the Govt., and it's policies. Coming to Stalin, capitalist governments all over the world and it's powerful media carried out a false campaigning against Stalin. Without Stalin ruled socialist Russia 2nd world war could not have won against fascist regimes. US entered the war only at the end and came out with minimum loss. Even after the end of the war, the US dropped nuclear bombs on Japan only to test them and to pave the way to establish it's hegemony over the world. There is no doubt that some excesses happened in Stalin's rule. But it happened in the process of socialist construction. Russia was the first nation that built socialist state and there was no experience. Under the circumstances where capitalists under the leadership the US surrounded it and waiting for a chance to provoke chaos and anarchism in Russia there was less chance to realise where exists the real threat and who becomes covert. Under extreme pressures from all sides and in a desperate attempt to save the first socialist country excesses have taken place which were then exaggerated and lie machines toured all over the world after Stalin's demise. Most part of the truth about Stalin's role in socialist construction in Russia is not allowed to see the light. So lies have taken it's place in deliberate attempt to discredit socialism. If this is not realised one may tend to believe the lies propagated by capitalist machinery. +ves of Stalin are minimised and -ves are exaggerated. Even some genuine communist sympathisers of communism tend to believe these lies. Thank you sanhati! Sankar Eay Says: June 29th, 2009 at 11:12 pm I may share with you an important information. I wrote to the Chief Public Relations Officer, Eastern Command, Indian Army, to check the veracity of the news in Pratidin on Sunday. But to date, he hasn't replied. Mysteriously, Pratidin too did not follow-up the news. Was there some threat from the state administration, police or the army. Here goes the letter, I mailed to the CPRO,EC. To Wing Comander Mahesh Upasani, CPRO, Indian Army (E Command), Kolkata. Dear Wing Commander Upasani: I am veteran journalist, formerly special correspondent, now-defunct daily of Reliance Group, Observer of Business and Politics. I still write commentaries and at times stories for some national dailies, occasioanally for Kathmandu-based Himal Southasian. I receive your press releases and forwarded some of them to local reporters at time. I have specific queries, based on certain news items. First, Bengali morninger, Sangbad Pratidin front-paged a news that the army copters sprayed chemicals in the suspected Maoist-dominated areas with satellite linkage to monitor their movements for a year. The report says, this was done at Murasol village, adjacent to Burisol forest on Thursday-Friday. How far is true? To date, no denial has been issued. I am not aware whether this was done anywhere in counter-insurgency operations. Shall be grateful if you send me your reply by Monday afternoon as I have to file a story by Tuesday morning. Warm regards, Sankar ray blitzkrieg Says: June 30th, 2009 at 5:10 am Dear nVIJAYs, I am sorry if I hurt your feelings about class struggle, but it's a bit strange that you kept mum about the other sarcasms and harped on that one. No, sir, I know a little bit of sociology, and I know what class struggle means, but as you have said, every argument starts from some axiomatic assumptions; and if these assumptions are incompatible, you can never reach a consensus. This, fortunately, does not happen in pure science, but is a very common feature in social sciences (that's probably why it should not be called a science, but that's another issue). My axioms are simple, so I would be very happy to know to which you agree and to which you don't: (i) Whatever might happen, in a civilised society, you are not permitted to take up law in your own hand; (ii) Democracy does not have a better alternative, and all forms of totalitarian regimes — Hitler, Stalin, Pol Pot, Mao, Idi Amin — hinder the growth of human civilisation in some way or other; (iii) In democracy, there is no scope for guns and bullets; (iv) All murders are equally condemnable; (v) The state is allowed to suppress — if needed, forcefully — any persons or organisations that threaten to undermine, and possibly destroy, the basic fabrics of democracy and secularism. I would love to hear you sir. N.K.Jeet Says: June 30th, 2009 at 11:27 am LOK MORCHA PUNJAB STATEMENT ISSUED BY LOK MORCHA PUNJAB IN SUPPORT OF LALGARH STRUGGLE Lok Morcha Punjab, strongly condemns the repression unleashed by the Indian State on the struggling people of Lalgarh and has called upon the people of Punjab to raise their voice against it. The tribal of Lalgarh are fighting a glorious struggle to protect their lands, forests, natural resources, culture, lives, liberty & honor. After the land-mine blast on the caravan of West Bengal C.M. Budhdeb Bhattacharya and the then Union Steel & Mines Minister Ram Vilas Paswan, in November 2008, the West Bengal police launched a massive combing operation in the Lalgarh area, conducting mid-night raids; beating up, assaulting and dishonoring women & children, illegally detaining & torturing them in police camps. The tribal refused to take it lying down and took to the path of struggle against these repressive measures by organizing themselves in Committees for Resisting Police Repression, in numerous villages. The held massive Dharnas and protest sieges before the police-camps and decided to socially boycott those police officials who perpetuated cruelties upon them. There was absolutely nothing "Maoist" in their 11-point charter of demands, which included public apology by policemen responsible for torturing & humiliating the people; an end to mid-night police raids; release of innocent persons detained without trial since 1998 on the suspicion of being 'Maoists'; removal of all police camps from various schools, hospitals & other public buildings in the area; & compensation to the victims of police brutalities, etc. Although the authorities conceded these demands and promised to initiate action to implement these, but this announcement was a clever ploy to buy time. Shortly afterwards, the police raids restarted with increased vigor; police repression on the innocent people intensified & the police camps were re-established. Two leaders of the Committee for Resisting Police Repression, namely Nirmal Sardar & Hemadri Mahato were brutally murdered. CPI (M) goons are enacting a different type of 'Salwa Judam', openly firing upon struggling tribal, killing & maiming many people. Now a full scale offensive with a contingent of more than 5000 armed personnel is underway. Indian state is trying to overawe & crush simple tribal folks, by massive deployment of its security forces, armed with ultra-modern & sophisticated weapons, under the garb of flushing out the 'Maoists'. The Santhal tribal of Lalgarh have been deprived of the basic necessities of life, since decades. There is no electricity, irrigation facilities, motorable roads etc. Facilities for education, health care, safe drinking water etc are scarce. For the last more than 5 years, the few existing school, hospital & other public buildings have been occupied by the security forces. Funds provided under various 'development schemes' such as NREGA, Indira Awas Yojna etc are cornered by Marxist-controlled Panchayats to benefit their own cadres. The Public Distribution System is being used for illegal enrichment of Depot Holders, who are members or sympathizers of CPI (M) & corrupt officials. Now in the name of establishing Special Economic Zones, a wave of dispossession of tribal from their lands & forests has started to facilitate their exploitation by MNCs & their Indian agents. The CPI (M) which has remained entrenched in the Writers Building for more than three days on the strength of tribal votes has done nothing to ameliorate their lot. Rather it has worsened further due to anti-people neo-liberal policies being pursued by the West Bengal & Central Govts. With the present armed offensive & extreme violent repression, the State may lull the movement temporarily. But the democratic revolutionary aspirations of Lalgarh people can not be crushed. The movement will rebound with great vigor and increased strength, winning support & solidarity from the struggling people throughout India. Dated: 26.6.09 Place: Bathinda Issued By: (N.K.JEET) Advocate AMOLAK SINGH President General Secretary LOK MORCHA PUNJAB LOK MORCHA PUNJAB Distt Courts, BATHINDA N.K.Jeet Says: July 2nd, 2009 at 8:30 am Thursday, July 2, 2009 Punjab Protest Against Lalgarh Atrocities COMMITTE FORMED TO PROTEST AGAINST REPRESSION ON LALGARH PEOPLE A' Committee Against Repression On Lalgarh People' has been formed in Punjab today. It consists of three members, who are well-known leaders of democratic-revolutionary organisations, namely- Kanwaljit Khanna (Inqulabi Kender, Punjab), Balwant Makhu (Lok Sangram Manch) and Amolak Singh (Lok Morcha Punjab). The Committee in its first meeting held has decided to hold a protest demonstration at Moga on 10.7.09. Lok Morcha Punjab endorsing this call has called upon all its members and sympathisers to participate in the protest demonstration in full strength to show their solidarity with the struggling people of Lalgarh. Anon Says: July 4th, 2009 at 1:32 pm The real issue is not with CPI(M) or Congress govt. The problem is with the value system of a society that treats some people like sh!t and acts civilized with others. Till this root cause is solved, India will remain a third world uncivilized society. nVIJAYs Says: July 10th, 2009 at 12:38 pm Hello Blitzkrieg I'm sorry for late response. Actually I've been busy with other work. So I could not visit the net. Actually there are no particular feelings for me about class struggle. It's not like that. Class struggle has nothing to do with anyone's personal feeling. It is an universal fact. It is past, present and future also. It is through class struggle the society developed to the present form from primitive society. The society had changed from primitive to primitive communist, then to feudal then to capitalist society and then to socialist society. After reaching capitalist society, the dominant class i.e. capitalist has become well acquainted with the dynamics of the societal development and extremely careful to sustain it's form and not allowing the socialist society to take it's place by interfering successfully in the course of change of society on it's own path through class struggle. It means capitalists so far have been able to hinder the development of the society to it's next higher form (socialist) with the help of advanced military technology, intelligentsia, and by taking itself the form of Imperialism. Like that It even succeeded to penetrate into the socialist societies formed in Russia, China and other East European countries, blocked their progress and made them to reverse it's socialist path of development towards the lower stage i.e. capitalist. It happened because capitalist elements present in those countries that were once socialist occupied the top places in party and government, increased their influence, acquired dominance and finally reversed their path. At present no where in the world, socialist society is existing. Some like china may have red flag but it is only color but dominant class there is purely capitalist. Just red flag can not make them socialist. It brings out another fact that class struggle exists even in socialist society but dominant class is proletariat. Important point here is though it is called democracy here in India or other countries, It is only bourgeoisie democracy. Democracy exists only for capitalist, feudal and imperialist classes. For other toiling masses it is dictatorship. That's why working classes' lives are becoming more and more worsened while capitalists' assets go on increase by 100 or 1000 fold by simply exploiting the working masses with the help of police, paramilitary, military, judicial system and bureaucracy. Those who create and build nation's wealth, perish. Those who appropriate the wealth, flourish in this so called democracy. So two sides or two faces exist for every value and principle. That is why your axiomatic assumptions are not absolute but relative. For one class the answer would be 'yes' and for other class the answer would be 'no'. Because the interests of the two classes are mutually opposite to each other. You cannot confirm a single answer to both classes when their interests are different and opposite. Actually providing a simplified answer to your questions is not possible. It covers many facets of the existing system. See what Anon says. It is also not that simple as he concluded. Value system of a society is not something created by super natural powers. It is created by the very dominant sections of the society in question that forms every aspect of the society according to their needs and interests. If we generalize as anon does, we can't find the actual culprit responsible or the root cause. The subject looks somewhat dry. But as we dig deep we can not divert our attention. It depends on our resolve to find the solution. Let me see your response before going further. But thank you for making the discussion somewhat meaningful. My thanks also go to 'sanhati.com Dhananjay Says: October 1st, 2009 at 2:53 am Dear Srini CPM sympathizer I have to ask some point for clarification . 32 years ruling the West Bengal with the mass support from the people. If it is a reality the please asked CPM government to take 1. proper action to release the report submitted by Mr. Amanulla ( Election Observer) for west Bengal during 2006 Assembly election of WB. You will also get the real know how about the secret of 32 years CPM RAJ. 2. release the list of persons political killing during this 32 years. Out of which how many of them belongs to opposition and how many of them belong to left front alliance and how many of them from CPIM. 3. White paper for the activities of Sriman. Narayan Biswas , Sriman Susanta Ghosh, Tapan Ghosh , Sukur Ali, 4. What is the source of Income of Sriman Lakshman Seth and how he build Haldia Institute of Technology with all Law and Medical Unit. 5. What is the findings of Sanjeev and Thinthakar murder Case ( The young boys laying murder by the railway truck , I hope you can remembered. " THEY HAVE PAID BY THEIR OWN COIN" Can you remember the great comments after 14 MARCH. 6. I will put another 5 question after getting you reaction The report from Panchayat Department of West Bengal " Sahay" 480250 families do not have provision to ensure one time meal in West Bengal 1545473 Families do not have provision to ensure two time meals in West Bengal Out of total population of 1 core 33 lakhs 90 thousand 473 families . This is the out come of 33 yeas CPIM ruling. Please visit Hydrabad once and then compare with Calcutta. Niladri Says: October 6th, 2009 at 5:25 pm Whatever the state government is doing only to hide its inefficiencies and failure to tackle the situation.CPM must go from Bengal but then we should also not let people like Mahato and Maoist leaders come to the forefront who only want to seize power -maoists called bandhs immediately after his arrest clear indication of his nexus with them. Protests has to be there but not by killing or supporting unlawful elements like the maoists. Alas intellectuals in Kolkata are doing exactly that giving CPM and government reasons to unleash "state sponsored" terrorism to cover their misdoings Abid Hussain Says: October 8th, 2009 at 1:09 am This is not the India I knew - it is fast becoming a criminal state. ABHIJIT KUNDU Says: October 8th, 2009 at 11:54 pm Into a blind lane the communist movement has got stuck. The brutal State has always vandalised any communist upsurge, the communist formations have turned to match the State with the same tactic. In turn they have emerged as a proto-State with a craving for military power and all that goes with it. Such strategisation worked in mid-20th cent and for a short period thereof, but the growing legitimation of the constitutional State and the ever empowering techno-sophistication of the repressive measures of the State should prompt all who look for a better world to rethink. Violence actually is not a forte of any egalitarian philosophy.True the orchestrated State and its cultural industry does depict the maoist violence as the only face of its agenda. The left forces which have shunned the path of armed struggle in favour of constitutional struggle too cannot shun its responsibility, as most of them have metamorphosed into another anti-people outfit, thereby failing to justify the constitutional path. They are primarily responsible for taking the left-thinking people more towards the blind lane, I indicated at the outset. The task is for the left-thinking people to engage in harsh and sincere dialogue with the 'maoists', to redeem them of a self-defeating exercise.In a way a state of self-repression has set in, in the changed world of politics one has to reenergise with a qualified world-view which can only historicise the tenets of any peoples' politics. RAMA PAL Says: October 9th, 2009 at 11:24 am MYSELF RAMA PAL FROM GRAKHPUR U.P. I AM VERY MUCH IMPRESED TO YOUR MOVEMENT.I AM INETERESTED TO KNOW ABOUT YOUR MOVEMENT AND THOUGHTS.SO PLEASE TELL ME MORE ABUT YOUR ORGANISATION.MY CONTECT NO IS 0979522915 RAMA PAL Says: October 9th, 2009 at 11:25 am MYSELF RAMA PAL FROM GRAKHPUR U.P. I AM VERY MUCH IMPRESED TO YOUR MOVEMENT.I AM INETERESTED TO KNOW ABOUT YOUR MOVEMENT AND THOUGHTS.SO PLEASE TELL ME MORE ABUT YOUR ORGANISATION.MY CONTECT NO IS 09795222915 Pahari Sen Gupta Says: November 11th, 2009 at 1:43 pm To day(11-11-2009) while I am watching Tv at evening, I felt deep sorrow and anger to see the joint force of state and central along with CPIM cader, showing their horrible brutality and hinious asulting performense over the Adibasi male and female extrem poore people, who are protesting peasefully at Lalgarh. myself being 62 years old man unable to controll my anger, I pray to all please Protest the CPIM organised State sponsored Gundism over the poor people at Lalgarh and surroundings. junaid Says: November 14th, 2009 at 4:57 am Friends, go ahead.we all the freedom loving people with u. dinesh Says: November 16th, 2009 at 9:22 am CPM gen sec Prakash Karat speaks on the Maoists. He makes a lot of important points that are not answered by sanhati - The link is here : http://www.pragoti.org/node/3685 Anonymous Says: November 20th, 2009 at 3:12 pm Please go through the comment on development http://medinipur.com/news/?p=928 Anonymous Says: November 23rd, 2009 at 1:48 pm "Jare tumi niche phelo se tomare phelibe je niche, Paschade rekhechho jare se tomare paschade tanichhe" this said by Rabindra Nath Tagore. Now it is totally truth for tribal those are belonging to Jangal Mahal and adjoining areas. Main political scenerios is these people wanted a seperate jharkhand state for them. But Laluji already handed over his state to tribal but Jyotibabu and Budhababu never wants to separate his bengal. Maximum vote of the CPIM got from these three districts Midnapur, Bankura and Purulia where the tribals are reside. Later on tribals felt that rulling party have done only refugi (those came from Bangladesh) development and they still feel they are still neglecting by the rulling party. and when these tribals raised their voice for development, ruling party tortured them by gun and bullet. Naturally they had taken help from Maoist Kisenji, as Netaji Subash already had taken help from Japan and Hitler of Germany to make Ajad Hind Fouj to freedom our motherland from British Raj and raised voice for Delhi Cholo. I think these tribal will not leave their bows & arrows if they are not being tought and developed to form a modern man. Special Package (funds) for development required to develop these people. Modern Education, modern agriculture, Healthcare, Water Problem, transportation, setting up industry, creating more jobs to engage them in work required to focus on. Immediate attack only in deep forest required to destroy the formation of Maoist and their arms and ammunition instead of torturing innocent tribals and other in the nearby villages of the forest by police and para-military forces. Once these arms and ammunition recovered from deep forest, the law and order automatically stabilise in these area. I do not know why this rulling party not serious to attack Maoist in deep forest instead of surprise checking of tribals and torturing them. Anonymous Says: April 5th, 2010 at 10:41 am Thank you H'ble Home Minister Mr. P Chidambaram. You visited Lalgarh Adibashi Mulbasi tribal zone. You are the only actual minister, actual leader, actual man who can change Lalgarh into Greengarh. I know you personally since you are in Finance Minister. In the name of Green Hunt Operation meeting, you met the people of Lalgarh. You are the Actual Indian who loves tribals of India, practically you saw how they are living, their education, why they are raised their voice, why they are crying for food. One time they had forest, they had land / Jamin. Everything has been looted by refugees and other people. Whatever fund sanctioned to the tribals by the Govt, it's a single paise also did not reach to tribals, single penny also did not expense for the development of tribals. Whenever you or Finance Minister Pranabda allot any funds or any package to the tribal zone or Maoist insist zone, it is your duty whether that fund actually reach to the tribals or used for the development of tribals or adibashi people of West Bengal, Orissa, Jharkhand and Chhattishgarh or looted by politicians / refugees / Fund managers / Contractors / Government Officers. You should check and monitor that fund personally. You are the only Minister, who can look after these tribals, wipe out the tears of every people of Maoist insist zone by development and operation green / peace hunt, you are the only leader who can change a banabasi man to a modern complete man, you are the only man who can bring light, food, clothes, education, road to these junglee man / tribals, you are the only politician who can change the total infrastructure of Lalgarh and Jangalmahal, you are the only personality who can change a maoist to a such man who respect the law and order of India. Thank you H'ble Chidambaramji, thank you, you visit again and again Lalgarh, you visit all tribal zone. Good bye. God bless you and your family. aakash Says: July 3rd, 2010 at 4:17 am Communist Party of India( Maoist) North Regional Bueraue Press statement 3rd july, 2010 It is not an encounter at all!! It is a cold blooded murder by AP Police!! Red Salutes to Martyrs com. Azad( cherukuri Rajkumar) and com. Hem Pandey(jitender)!! Let us avenge the killings of the beloved comrades by the khaki clad fascist gangs of AP government!! Azad was arrested at Nagpur on june 1st along with com. Hem Pandey On June 1st, the notorius Andhra Pradesh Special Branch Police for its abductions and cold blooded murders, have arrested com. Azad, Polit Buro member and Spokesperson of CPI (Maoist), and com. Hem Pandey, a zonal committee level comrade in Nagpur city around 11'o clock when they went to meet a comrade who was supposed to receive them from Dandakarnaya zone. Com. Azad reached Nagpur around 10 am on the fateful day along with com. Hem Pandey, after travelling from long distance. With specific information, the lawless goons of AP SIB abducted them, perhaps flown them in a helicopter, to Adilabad jungles near Maharasthra border and killed them point block and in cold blood. We pay our red homage to our beloved comrades and vow to take vengeance of these killers. Life of com. Azad Comrade Azad, is one of the senior most party leaders of CPI(Maoist). He was born in Krishna district of AP, in a well to do family. He did his school education in Sainik School, at Korukonda of the present Vizianagaram District. Com. Surapuneni Janardhan, a legendary comrade of the student movement brought com. Raj Kumar into RSU in 1974. A brilliant student at the Regional Engineering College, which became famous as Radical Engineering College in those days, he finished his Mtech in Chemical Engineering and moved to Vishakhapatnam as per the Party direction. He was the second president of AP Radical Students Union till 1984. He was the catalyst behind many all Andhra wide student agitations and peoples movements in that period. He became the district committee member of vizag unit of the of then cpi(ml)(pw). He moved length and bredth of India, to organize the Seminar on Nationality question held in Madras(now Chennai) in 1981. He was shifted to Karnataka in 1982 and com. Azad was one of the founder members of the Karnataka Party and worked as the secretary of the Karnakata State Committee. He was taken into CC, after the Central Plenum in 1990. He was the elected member of CC in the All India conference in 1995 and since then he served in CC and PB . He continued in those posts after the formation of CPI Maoist too in 2004. He has been the spokes person of the CC since then. Known for his simple life and hardwork; voracious reading and brilliant analyses of situations, crystal clear articulation and sharp logic, and fine organizational skills, he contributed widely to the revolutionary movement in many spheres. He wrote profusely to the People's March, Peoples war ( theoretical organ of the CPI(Maoist), and to the Maoist Information Bulletin. He wrote a fine critique of the intellectuals of AP, who got disillusioned and lost faith in revolutionary movement after the 1990 events of collapse of soviet imperialism and its satellite regimes. In his death, the Indian revolutionary movement lost an exemplary comrade and a shining star, who served the movement more than three and half decades. Just before his last jouney, he received questions for interview from a well known magazine. He replied that he was in the jouney and would send the answers as early as possible. it is not sukhdev, but com. Hem Pandey of Uttarakhand who was killed by APSIB Com. Hem Pandey, 30, hailed from a near by viilage of Pithoragarh town of Uttarakhand State. He did his MA history in Nainital University and got himself registered in Phd. While he was in college, he was active member of AISA, and slowly realizing he pseudo revolutionary character of AISA politics, he moved to the radical groups, later in 2001 he joined the then cpi(ml)(pw). He organized peasantry in the mountainous villages in Almora district, taking up umpteen number of issues of peasantry, including the problems arose out of Binsar Sancutary. Softspoken, bespectacled, lean and energetic Com. Hem won the love of people of that region. He was moved into more important works in 2005. He had done his new assignements with patience and endurance. His appetite for learning new things, reading more and more, and zeal for penning his ideas are things for the emulation for all the revolutionaries. He has written various articles to newsmagazines under various pen names. We request the civil rights organsinisations to demand the A P police to send the body of com. Hem Pandey to his bereaved mother who is in Haldwani, Uttarakhand state, who is his sole surviving parent . APSIB- the Indian avatar of Mossad The Andhra Pradesh Special Intelligence Bureaue, which has been partially trained partially by the Mossad, has acquired the notoriety of its master trainer-Mossad, in India. It has been moving across the state borders, and conducting abductions and cold blooded murders with impunity. This is all happening with clear blessings of Manmohan- Sonia and Chidambaram. This fascist gang has established its tentacles all over India, resorting the killings of revolutionaries, scoffing at the recent AP high court judgement that all encounters are to be first booked as murders under IPC 302, . Ultimaely these killers will be taken to task by the revolutionary masses. Will Chidambaram expect CPI(Maoist) to sit for talks with his blood on his hands of com. Azad and com. Hem Pandey? CPI(Maoist) never contested or raised any hue and cry in the case of real ecncounters. The AP Police is resorting to globbeian lies, not belived even by gullible. CPI(Maoist) stood for truth and accountability to the people, and always stated facts. There is no such programme of azad going to Sarkepally forest of Adilabad. Azad was going to discuss with our comrades, inter alia, the concrete proposals of well meaning people like Swamy agnivesh about particular dates for the mutual cease fire. He was a carrying the confidential letter of Swamy agnivesh written to Azad dated- 26th june 2010. Will Chidambaram expect CPI(Maoist) to sit for talks with his blood on his hands of com. Azad and com. Hem Pandey? He calls repeatedly to us to abjure violence? killing the unarmed comrades by AP Police with your blessings – is it not like devils chanting scriptures? white lies by AP Police When there is no movement and organization in Adilabad, what is the necessity of Azad going to Azad? That the police found AK47 is again white lie. He alighted from a train around 10 am along with com . Hem Pandey in Nagpur Station, and was caught by the APSIB unarmed. Is the government following its own constitution of article 21? Is the government following kernel of the geneva contvention that " defenseless persons" should not be harmed? Is it not utter hypocricy and hoax that on one hand the government is placing the prevention of torture bill and the police every minute resorting to the torture of the detained? It is a concocted story of encounter repeated ad nauseum, by the AP Police, churned out to the media umpteen times. The right life, guaranteed under the constitution is mocked and the right to be produced within 24 hours of the arrest, is metamorphasized into killing with in 24hours of arrest, so that there is no scope for any redressal by their near and dear. We appeal to the civil rights organizations, democrats, patriots to raise to raise to the occasion thoroughly investigate this fake encounter as an example of extra judicial killing that are happening in scores in this country and bring out the truth before the people. Ajay, Spokes Person, CPI(Maoist)