Brand India! Brand Buddha!

Brand India! Brand Buddha!

Indian Holocaust My father`s Life and Time- One Hundred and FORTY ONE

Palash Biswas


Pl See:India's great rush for SEZs
http://www.rediff.com/money/sez.html?zcc=rl

It is Brand India! India Shining! Kill the present and the past, so that future may be brighter. A turminator haunts BahartVarsha, the ancient civilization!

A turminator may not be blamed as he has no heart at all. It is a Robo Mechanism controlled by RC fro elsewhere. Why do you blame Buddhadev!

Overnight refugees have created waves in Nandigram. It has become a mini Bangladesh! Indian system bothers not as it it represents Brand India, which may not be expected humane! The infight involves the rural population consisting of Left supporters on either side. The divide is because of indiscriminate land aquisition! Whoever is dead or victimised as a refugee, whether it is Khejuri or Nandigram, happens to be a committed Marxist of yesterday.

What made the difference, Brand Marxism is not ready to consider as the brand represents the State Power and it is also devoid of heart. Bloodstreams may not touch a turminator, in which Capitalist marxist West Bengal Poet Chief Minister is transfromed. The economists advocating Globalisation, industrialisation, urbanisation and sovereign market have launched a Brand named Buddha. The brand buddha is at the stake in nandigram and a salvation war is launched by Cader based gestapo! What if on the kurukshetra the Arjuna faces his own kith and kin! He has to kill. Because everyone is already dead, already victimised for shake of Brand India, Brand Buddha!

So it is all about brand war! The poet is unmoved while City intellectuals had a taste of rural politics on Tuesday night while returning from a trip to Nandigram! The convoy was attacked by miscreants allegedly belonging to the CPM at a place called Haschara some 18 kms from Nandigram while they were on their way back to Kolkata. Among those in the convoy were theatre personalities Saoli Mitra, Bratya Basu, writer Bolan Gangopadhyay, several academicians, doctors, engineers and others. None was injured.

The last decade or so has seen a proliferation of brands like never before, paralleled by a furious upsurge in advertising activity. A million messages inundate the consumer urging him to buy bigger, better, more products.Services contribute to 54 per cent of the economy and will grow to 60 per cent in the next five years. Growing at 7 per cent, this sector can be boosted with further reform in regulations. Already, the Government is working towards increased liberalisation in retail, banking and other segments of the services sector. Only seemingly insignificant, these sectors are actually raking in the big bucks: business management and consultancy, advertising and trade fairs, legal advice and architectural and engineering services earned the country a gross US$ 12.9 billion in 2005-06. The contribution of these services to the Indian economy was revealed by a study on 'invisibles' in India's balance of payments by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

India's consumer market is riding the crest of the country's economic boom. Driven by a young population with access to disposable incomes and easy finance options, the consumer market has been throwing up staggering figures.

Globally, it has been observed that as income levels rise, the share spent on food and groceries in the total household income declines and the proportion of income spent on lifestyle-related activities increases. India is no exception.

India topped the 2006 AT Kearney Global Retail Development Index, indicating a sharp rise in spending on consumer durables, apparel, entertainment, vacations and lifestyle products.

The ACNielsen Consumer Confidence Survey for the first half of 2006 shows India in the lead of both the 41-nation global survey as well as the 14-country Asia-Pacific study.

The country's economic growth, forecasted at 8 per cent in GDP in 2006, continues to support the retail industry.

The estimated US$ 350 billion retail market is expected to grow 13 per cent and the top five retailers account for less than 2 per cent of the modern retail market.

Hugo Chavez: Venezuela to Quit OAS, WB and IMF

May we expect that the Indian Marxist would take any inspiration! UPA partner Left in India represents a Brnad New Marxism Leninism which is nothing but an executive agency of Post Modern Manusmiriti, the Globalisation. Thus, governemnt and party decisions are no more decided by any so called state or central committe or the empowered Polit Burouea! Market Forces have all the say in Lefitst affairs in India. And it is the Brand Buddha! Supported by Vrinda, Salim, Sitarm and Prakash Team , not to mention the Loksabha Speaker!

Venezuela might quit several international organizations that it considers illegitimate and subordinated to US interests.The agencies are the Organization of American States, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, institutions that are campaigning against the Venezuelan revolution, according to Caracas.

The government's stance on those agencies was repeated by President Hugo Chavez after the Inter-American Human Rights Commission accused Venezuela of violating the freedom of expression.

That accusation was an attack on Venezuelan authorities decision to not renew the concession to the private station RCTV, which expires on May 27, on the basis that RCTV violated the law and backed the coup d'etat against Chavez in April 2002.

The statesman warned on Sunday, at the Fifth Summit of the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas, held in Barquisimeto, that "if the OAS, after all what happened here, condemns Venezuela, then Venezuela will quit the OAS".
http://www.escambray.cu/Eng/news/Whugo070502917.htm


Chavez completes takeover of private oil fields
published: Thursday | May 3, 2007

President Hugo Chavez's government took over Venezuela's last privately run oil fields Tuesday intensifying a power struggle with international oil companies over the world's single largest known petroleum deposit.

Newly bought Russian-made fighter jets streaked through the sky Tuesday as Ch?vez shouted "Down with the U.S. empire!" calling the state takeover a historic victory for Venezuela after years of U.S.-backed corporate exploitation.

"The nationalisation of Venezuela's oil is now for real," said Chavez, who declared that for Venezuela to be a socialist state it must have national control.

Chavez accused foreign oil companies of bad drilling practices due to their hunger for quick profits, and said Venezuela could sue them for causing lasting damage to oil fields.
http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070503/business/business1.html

Brand India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Brand India is a phrase used to describe the campaign India is using to attract business. Basically the campaign is to project the attractiveness of India as an emerging destination for business in the fields of service sector, manufacturing, information technology, infrastructure, information technology enabled services, etc. The campaign uses both India as huge market for products and services as well as a lucrative destination for investment. The federal government is spearheading the campaign with considerable cooperation from the domestic business body Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the more informal India Inc abroad.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_India
See also:
Brand India re-visited
Ramesh Narayan
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/catalyst/2005/03/03/stories/2005030300240400.htm
Can `India' be a brand?
G. S. Murari
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/catalyst/2005/02/24/stories/2005022400260200.htm
Focus on Brand India
http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/biz/2003/11/17/stories/2003111700080200.htm
STRAIGHT TALK
A peek into brand India

Hemalatha L

Sridhar has trodden the fields of finance, advertising and marketing. And with the launch of his company called Brand.Comm in 1988, he has never looked back.
http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/Mar202006/metromon1340102006319.asp
'India as a brand only needs repositioning'
http://www.rediff.com/money/2006/feb/08inter.htm


Fake encounter, Nandigram disrupt RS

NEW DELHI: Rajya Sabha was adjourned for the day on Thursday minutes after it assembled for the post lunch session amidst exchanges between CPI(M) and BJP members. The House had witnessed noisy scenes in the pre-lunch session with members raising a number of issues ranging from renewed violence in Nandigram to fake encounters in Gujarat to raising of anti-India slogans at a rally in Kashmir. The tempers continued to run high when the House reassembled at 14OO hrs. As Deputy Chairman K Rehman Khan called Leader of the Opposition Jaswant Singh to raise his issue, there were loud shouts from other benches. As the din continued, he adjourned the House for the day.

With tension still prevailing in Nandigram, the West Bengal government on Thursday ruled out deployment of Army or paramilitary forces there, saying that if needed, police would enter the troubled area to restore peace.Earlier during the day, the government submitted the status report on Nandigram to the Calcutta High Court.

"It would obey the direction of the court," Home Secretary PR Roy told reporters at the state secretariat.Asked whether paramilitary forces would be deployed in the area, Roy said the court did not give any such direction.

"The government doesn't think that deployment of paramilitary force will solve the problem or change the situation in Nandigram. Peace will not return unless good sense prevailed among the people," he said.

He, however, added that the government will take administrative steps and if required, police will enter Nandigram to restore peace.

While admitting the current tense situation in the area, Chief Secretary Amit Kiran Deb also ruled out the possibility of deploying the Army.

Stating that 400 families were still homeless there, the Home Secretary said that the government would take steps after the court gave its order.

The police have not been able to enter most villages in Nandigram since January when violence over a reported move for land acquisition left seven persons dead.

When police tried to enter the area on March 14, another fourteen people were killed.

Mamata will parade Nandigram rape victims before PM
THE Bengal tigress has announced plans to parade outside Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s residence women who were allegedly raped by communist cadres in Nandigram.

“The Centre is refusing to act because the CPM is supporting the federal government. But how will Dr Singh face the world if rape victims demonstrate outside his New Delhi residence?” said Banerjee. The Trinamool Congress refused to specify when the demonstration would be organised in the capital but said it will be ‘soon enough’.

Trinamool Congress has already paraded the Nandigram rape victims before West Bengal Governor Gopal Krishna Gandhi.Accusing the Centre and the Left Front government with conniving to cover up the ‘genocide’ in Nandigram, the Trinamool Congress MP said she is capable of “jolting the UPA out of its stupor”.


On Wednesday, the intellectuals assembled at the Esplanade crossing voicing their protest against the attack. The attack on the intellectuals who have protested against the police firing of March 14 that left 14 villagers dead. That one single incident changed the contours of Bengali intelligentsia. Even those who had stood firm with the Left Front in its rule of 30 years spoke against the government.

On Tuesday morning, the team from Kolkata went to Nandigram to donate money and clothes for 200 affected families close to the Bhumi Uchhed Pratirodh Committee around Nandigram. The team members went around the villages, meeting the victims and also held a meeting. In the evening the team started on its way back to Kolkata. The return trip was along the same route passing through Math Chandipur and other villages where the CPM has a sizeable presence.

Around 7.15 pm, the team reached Haschara where the CPM workers were marching. The convoy got stuck.

"We could hear slogans like bring back peace to Nandigram. Suddenly, they turned towards us and started abusing. They said they were looking for me," said Saoli Mitra, theatre personality and one of the general secretaries of Shilpi-Sanskritik Karmi, Buddhijibi Mancha.

Bratya Basu said the CPM supporters wanted to scare them. "This is an example of uncontrolled hooliganism. They thought they could intimidate us by abuses and threats," Basu said.

The vehicles which they were travelling in were hit with lathis. At this point, a stone hit the back window of the last car in the convoy. "The glass pieces fell on Bolan Gangopadhyay. Thankfully no one was injured," said Basu.

At the Math Chandipur police station, the police officers present refused to accept their complain but finally relented.

The attack did not surprise poet Shankha Ghosh, around whom the protestors have rallied. "Ever since the protests broke out, a hate campaign is going on against us," said Ghosh.


Zee News SEZ rehab policy may be delayed
Business Standard, India - 6 hours ago
PTI / New Delhi May 3, 2007. The much-awaited policy for mandatory rehabilitation of land owners displaced by industrial projects and SEZs might get delayed ...
SEZ rehab policy still has to clear GoM roadblock Financial Express
SEZ rehab policy likely to get delayed Financial Express
GoM to review SEZ land acquisition policy Times of India

West Bengal villagers flee industrial hub site, fearing clashes
From our ANI Correspondent

Satangabari (West Bengal), May 3: Hundreds of villagers have fled from a planned industrial hub site in West Bengal, fearing clashes between supporters and opponents of the project.

Villagers had clashed with police in Nandigarm, where the Communist-led State Government had planned a chemical industrial hub, to be built by Indonesia's Saleem Group.

The villages were opposing acquisition of farmland for the project. Two persons were killed on Sunday in fresh clashes, while scores were injured as rival groups - the state's ruling Communists and opposition Trinamool Congress - exchanged gunfire and ransacked property.

Locals alleged Communist workers supporting the project, came from neighbouring villages and attacked their houses.
http://www.dailyindia.com/show/138352.php/West-Bengal-villagers-flee-industrial-hub-site-fearing-clashes

See how the Brand works!

Sania Mirza launches Sprites Out-of-Home Campaign In Kolkata for Summer 2007
From correspondents in Maharashtra, India, 11:59 AM IST
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Coca-Cola India today launched an exciting “Out-of-Home” campaign in Kolkata for Sprite, India’s number one sparkling beverage brand in the clear lime segment. The innovative campaign was unveiled by Sania Mirza – India’s tennis sensation and Sprite drinker. The launch of out of home campaign for Sprite is part of a larger strategic initiative to strengthen connect of the brand with the youth. The campaign brings out the thirst-quenching, no nonsense, and unpretentious attitude of the brand, best explained by its tagline-Sprite Bhujaye Pyaas…Baaki All Bakwaas. Clear Hai ?!. Brand Sprite’s Out-of-Home campaign has been conceptualized by Ogilvy & Mather. As part of the roll out plan, customized creatives would be put up in various outdoor locations across Kolkata - be it roadside, movie theaters, malls, other youth hang out areas. The 360 degrees communication initiative also includes leveraging the new “Digital Platforms” through the interactive “Sprite-itude” zone on www.myenjoyzone.com- the one stop online destination for the youth.
http://www.indiaenews.com/pressrelease/20070503/49966.htm

Tendulkar sprains ankle during Kolkata practice camp
DailyIndia.com, FL - 3 hours ago
Kolkata, May 3: Cricketer Sachin Tendulkar sprained his right ankle during a conditioning camp at Kolkata's Eden Gardens on Wednesday. ...
Kolkata: Tendulkar Injured during Practice for Bangla Tour Daijiworld.com
Tendulkar resumes practice CricketZone.Com
Tendulkar twists ankle during practice at Eden Gardens Hindustan Times

Britney Spears, pop princess
Rakhi Sawant's effigy burnt in Nagpur
Kiss fizz
Get, set, go...
Ivan Lendl has no tennis rackets
‘I’m not comfortable expressing love publicly’
Vanzara & Co ran extortion racket
Govt releases gaali guide for parliamentarians
BJP goes into compromise mode with JDS
Shetty raps 'lunatic fringe' for Gere kiss fuss

MKt firm, Sensex closes 205 pts up
Economic Times - 2 hours ago
The market kept up the momentum and moved up but remained within a band of about 100 points. Index pivotals traded with handsome gains and the mid-cap and small-cap stocks followed suit.
Robust Productivity Boosts Pre-Market Mood 123Jump.com
Sensex zooms 206pts, Reliance soars 4% Business Standard

Between The Lines - Kuldip Nayar

The god that failed again

Thursday, May 03, 2007 10:13:28 IST
That a regime committed to the wellbeing of people should let the police on them to suppress a protest is unthinkable

Certain things are not expected from some quarters. The belief is that they, motivated by the pro-people considerations, will not go that far. Yet, when they behave in the way the others do, the disillusionment is deeper than the disappointment. The West Bengal government led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) has shaken that kind of confidence.
That a regime committed to the wellbeing of people should let the police on them to suppress a protest is unthinkable. The force indulges in untold atrocities. There is murder, rape and the looting. The police kill 11 people through bullets. The CPM rationalises what happened, without a word of condemnation.
I should have written about this earlier. But I did not do so deliberately because I felt that a leftist government could not do all that the media was highlighting. I believed that the CPM was the only political party which followed certain standards that the rest forsook long ago. I am shocked over the facts which have come to light.

Cold horror
Nandigram is a large village where the CPM government sought to acquire the agricultural land “in public interest” forcibly. This was meant to be handed over to a construction company from Indonesia. Obviously, the “public interest” had been stretched to a point where the farmers’ rights had been ignored. The real purpose was to attract foreign capital for the state’s industrialisation without which it was felt it could not go very far.
There was nothing wrong in such kind of thinking. West Bengal was the hub of industry before the extremists in the left drove it out more than two decades ago. What was wrong then and continued to remain so today is the use of force. It was brutal, deliberate and unchecked _ all
to suppress the farmers who did not want to part with their land. When the state governor came out with an open indictment and said that the police firing had given him “cold horror,”
nothing was left to any doubt. A top Bengal intellectual, with theleftist leanings, wrote:
“It will be not an exaggeration to say that the Nandigram massacre was another re-run of the Jalianwala Bagh.”
Former chief minister Jyoti Basu was the first one to criticise the state government and remind it that “this is a government of the CPM and not of any front.” How does one explain the excesses committed by a leftist government against people? How could a CPM chief minister use the police against farmers and villagers who constituted the core of the proletariat? Even liberals felt horrified because the CPM handling of the Nandigram agitation was no different from the bourgeoisie-run states where the force was the norm to make people fall in line.
A CPM Rajya Sabha member’s defence that “their men” were also beaten up is true. But this does not absolve the party of the blame because it was the CPM government which initiated the process to get the land and sent the police to see that the job was done. Whatever the provocation, a leftist government cannot sanction the firing by the police on farmers. It was not expected from the communists.
http://www.cybernoon.com/DisplayArticle.asp?section=fromthepress&subsection=editorials&xfile=May2007_betweenthelines_standard203&child=betweenthelines



AIG plans expansion in India

Kolkata, May 2 (IANS) US-based financial services major American International Group (AIG) has planned to significantly expand its line of businesses in India, a company official said here Wednesday. The firm is keen to enter the distressed asset investment, mortgage guarantee and infrastructure investment businesses in the country by 2007, said Sunil Mehta, AIG's country head and chief executive.AIG is in the preliminary stage of evaluating various options of entry into the sectors and has already started expanding its consumer finance business in India.

http://www.andhracafe.com/index.php?m=show&id=22493



The overall index of six core industries-having a direct bearing on infrastructure and accounting for 27 per cent weight in the Index of Industrial Production (IIP)-registered a growth of 8.3 per cent during April-December 2006, which was higher than the 5.5 per cent registered during the same period in the previous year. In the first nine months of 2006-07, crude petroleum, refinery products and electricity generation registered accelerated growth rates.An investment of US$ 320 billion would be required in the infrastructure sector during the Eleventh Five Year Plan. These investments are to be achieved through a combination of public investment, public-private-partnerships (PPPs) and exclusive private investments, wherever feasible. Investment requirements in some key sectors are: US$ 50.8 billion for modernisation and upgradation of highways; US$ 9.25 billion for civil aviation; US$ 11.5 billion for ports; and US$ 69.39 billion (40 per cent of which is expected from the private sector) for the railways.

Economic Survey 2006-07 says:
Services contributed as much as 68.6 per cent of the overall average growth in GDP in the last five years between 2002-03 and 2006-07. Practically, the entire residual contribution came from industry. As a result, the share of industry and services in the GDP improved to 26.4 per cent and 55.1 per cent respectively.
Business Services--which include accounting and auditing services and environmental services (income out of trading in carbon credits)--earned the country a whopping US$ 12.9 billion in FY06-as against US$ 23.6 billion from software services. For the first time, these services earned a surplus of US$ 2.5 billion as compared to a deficit of US$ 500 million to US$ 2 billion annually over the past six years.

According to sources at the Central Bank, the income from many of these services has grown so much in just the past few years that it has become necessary to report them separately. Gross advertising revenue jumped from US$ 162 million in FY05 to US$ 435 million in FY06, thus decreasing the deficit to nearly half-US$ 172 million from US$ 352 million in the previous year. Another area which has done well is environmental services, with net earnings showing a remarkable rise-touching US$ 8 million in FY06 from the previous year's US$ 1 million.


The latest Automotive Mission Plan 2006-2106 envisions India emerging as a destination of choice in the world for design and manufacture of automobiles and auto components.

'Stocks with conscience’ just as profitable
As people grow richer and more socially aware they are waking up to the idea that investing with a clear conscience need not be hard on the wallet.
Calcuttta HC asks WB govt to ensure normal life in Nandigram

Kolkata, May 03: The Calcutta High Court today directed the West Bengal government to ensure normal life in the troubled Nandigram villages of East Midnapore district after the state submitted a status report, saying that situation there was very serious.

A division bench comprising Chief Justice S S Nijjar and Justice P C Ghose directed the government to provide ration, kerosene and other essentials to the thousands of people rendered homeless owing to continuing clashes in the area since January over a notification for land acquisition.

Observing that prima facie it appeared that the people of Nandigram have been denied fundamental rights under Article 21, that to ensure that they did not face any obstruction in going to markets, schools and colleges.

The state would have to provide free medical assistance to the residents of the affected area marred by sporadic violence.

The government had earlier placed a status report, conceding that situation in Nandigram was very serious and that two warring groups were fighting continuously.

During the hearing in the jampacked court room, Advocate General Balai Roy, while submitting that no SEZ would come up in Nandigram, said that SEZs were generally set up near seasides.

At this, the Chief Justice asked him in which part of the landlocked Haryana, which has the highest number of SEZs in the country, was there a seaport.

SEZs are supposed to be set up on uninhabited and barren land, the court observed.

Several petitioners pleaded for a further CBI inquiry into the Nandigram police action on the ground that the probe agency had failed to complete its work due to time crunch.

Roy submitted that the state was open to any probe including a judicial one, but not a CBI inquiry.

He said that the question of a CBI inquiry without the consent of the concerned state, on a petition by the government of West Bengal, was at present pending before the Supreme Court.

The court had yesterday asked the state government to submit before it a status report on the situation in Nandigram to get a clear picture after making the CBI report public.

The CBI, in it report, said, "It would be possible to ascertain the quantum of force used and its justification and the actual happenings only after a thorough and detailed investigation."
http://www.zeenews.com/znnew/articles.asp?aid=369307&sid=NAT

CBI seeks time for bigger probe
OUR LEGAL REPORTER
Calcutta, May 2: The division bench of Chief Justice S.S. Nijjar and Justice P.C. Ghosh today opened the sealed cover of the CBI report on the March 14 police firing, 39 days after it was submitted.

“The report is inconclusive. The investigating agency wants more time…. So we are asking the government to apprise us of the status of Nandi-gram by tomorrow,” the court said after going through it.

Only a paragraph of the 15-page report was made public. Para No. 21 says: “It is most respectfully submitted that the CBI team has confined its in- quiry to the mandate given by the court,” and adds the CBI needs time for a “thorough and detailed investigation”.

After reading out the paragraph, the chief justice said: “The remaining portion of the report will be kept in sealed cover till further orders.”

Nijjar added that he had no idea about the incidents in Nandigram after March 24 as he was on leave.

Appearing for one of the seven petitioners, advocate Kalyan Banerjee pleaded with the court for a copy of the report. The lawyers for the other petitioners, too, made the request. But it was turned down.

A day after the firing, the court had asked the CBI to inquire into the incident and inform it within a week the amount of force deployed in Nandigram on March 14 and whether it was justified.

On March 22, the CBI submitted its report in a sealed envelope.

When the case came up for hearing four days later, the court decided to break the seal only after the government and the seven petitioners who sought its intervention had filed their affidavits.

The case could not be heard even after the affidavits were submitted as the chief justice had gone on leave.

Responding to the petitioners’ argument that the government had “completely failed” to restore peace in Nandi- gram, advocate-general Balai Ray told the court “all possible steps” had been taken to “ma-intain normality” in the area.
http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070503/asp/bengal/story_7728014.asp

Marx on India

In fact in the year 1857, Marx wrote about India, " India was a prosperous civilisation. It had a very high standard of living. Their productivity was higher. India was an economic giant." It was so. If you look at the statistics in 1820, India's share of world production was 19%, and England's share was 9%, please note that Britain was deep into the industrial revolution at that time. 18% of the world trade was in Indian hands at that time whereas 8% was the figure for Britain and 1% for US. When 80% of the American population was engaged in agriculture, India had 60% of the population engaged in non-agricultural occupations. This is supposed to be an index of development. All these statistics can be found in Paul S. Kennedy's "Rise and Fall of Great Powers".

So, Marx says, "This was a great civilisation which had produced prosperous communities." A prosperity which went deep into the villages. In the early stages, when the East India Company came to Murshidabad, an unknown name in Bengal today the Britishers were awe struck with its prosperity and wrote that it was more prosperous than London. This is no more disputed anyway, even by Indian intellectuals. Marx acknowledges the fact that this was a prosperous country and also had equality but unfortunately, he says for 2000 years the society did not change nor did it allow any revolutionary forces to enter! In his worldview human beings cannot progress without a revolution!

In the two articles on British rule in India and the East India Company- history and results written by Marx, quoted in the New York daily "Karl Marx does grant though somewhat in a grudging manner that "materially, India was fairly industrious and prosperous even before the onset of the British rule. He said that India was an exporting country till 1830 and started importing because it had opened its trade to the British." Many of you may not be aware that the kings in India had no right to over the lands, which came under the jurisdiction of panchayats. Whether it was Emperor Ashoka or Bhagavan Sri Ramachandra, the rule was the same. It was changed only during the British rule under the Ryotwari system. Even the Mughals could not change it. It was also found that family communities were based on domestic industry, with the peculiar combination of hand-spinning, hand- weaving, agriculture etc. which gave them a supporting power.

The misery inflicted by the British on Hindusthan is of an entirely different kind and infinitely more intense than what it had to suffer before civil wars, invasions, revolutions, conquests, famines all these did not go deeper than the surface. But, England broke the entire framework of Hindusthan, the symptoms of reconstitution are yet to emerge clearly. This loss of the Old World without the emergence of a new order imparts a particular melancholy to the present misery of Hindus and Hindusthan. Marx goes on to say that the British interference destroyed the union between agriculture and the manufacturing industry. Suddenly he remarks that the English interference dissolved this semi barbarian, semi-civilised community.

He concedes that they were prosperous, that they organised their affairs well, they have a measure of independence, they have a democracy at the lowest level, all this has been conceded. Then, how does he classify us as "semi-barbarian and semi-civilised communities"? He notes that India's social condition remained unaltered since remote antiquity. This is important, for him revolution is the core, the soul and centre of the society. This society never had a revolution; hence it cannot be modern! There is an underlying assumption, which considers revolution as a pre- requisite for being modern.

Hence, he feels that the destruction wrought by the British is the inevitable revolution needed for the development of the Indian society. England had vested interests, violent interests in bringing about this "revolution". But, the question in focus is whether mankind can fulfill its destiny without a fundamental revolution in the social state? Whatever might have been the crimes of England, she was the unconscious tool of history in bringing about a revolution, whatever bitterness the spectacle of crumbling of an ancient world may evoke, from the point of history.